حفظ: حَفِظَ: بمعنى صان وحرس. ويقال حفِظ عليه الشيء. ففي حيان (ص30 و): قال السلطان لحفيدة الذي هربت بغلته: لماذا لم يكن لنا خصياً يخدمك ويحفظ عليك مثل هذه الصورة من زوال دابَّتك.
وحفظ: حافظ على، راعي، تمَّم.
حفظ أيام الأعياد: راعى أيام الأعياد.
حفظ الناموس: راعى الآداب: راعى ما يليق ويناسب ويقال أيضا: حفظ الظاهر بمعنى رعى الآداب وراعى ما يليق ويناسب. غير أن التعبير الأول يعني أيضاً: صان سمعته وحافظ عليها (بوشر).
وحفظ: درس (همبرت ص112) وحفظ: تعلم لغة (ابن جبير ص32).
وحفظ فلانا: احترمه وكرمه (معجم الادريسي) وفي رياض النفوس (ص84 ق) ونصحوه أن يطلق امرأته وكانت شرسة مشاكسة، فقال: حفظتها في والدها أي أني أراعي حرمتها وأكرمها إكراما لأبيها. ثم راح يعدد كل ما تفضَّل به أبوها عليه.
حفظ سرعة: كبحه (بوشر).
حفظ عهده أو حقه: كان وفيا له (بوشر).
وهذا مثل قولهم: حفظ له ذماماً (كوسج مختار ص73) حيث عليك أن تقرأ ذماما بدل زماما.
حفظ الغذاء: لزم الحمية احتمى (فوك).
حفظ قلبه: جرَّأه وشجعه (كليلة ودمنة ص259). حفظ لسانه: سكت، صمت أمسك لسانه.
وحفظ اللسان: تحفظ وأحراس في الكلام (بوشر).
حفَّظ (بالتشديد): مثل ما يقال: حفظ لسانه أي سكت وصمت يقال كذلك: كان مُحفِّظا للطرف لا ينظر إلى شيء (مختارات من تاريخ العرب ص36) ومعناه اللفظي: كان يمسك نظره، أي كان لا يبيح لنفسه النظر إلى ما لا يعنيه.
حافظ قلعة: ذبَّ عنها وحماها (بوشر).
وحافظ عليه: رعاه وذب عنه (بيان 1: 163).
تحفظ به: عني به (معجم بدرون) وتحفظ فلاناً: ترصده وراقبه ليهاجمه ويسرقه (معجم الماوردي).
انحفظ: ذكرت في معجم فوك في مادة ( Custodire) . حُفِظَ، صين (مركس محفوظات 1: 186، رقم 2).
احتفظ من: احترس من (فوك).
احتفظ الغذاء: لزم الحمية، احتمى (فوك).
واحتفظ على فلان: راعاه وتلطف به وداراه (عنتر ص53).
استحفظ: بالمعنى الذي ذكره لين.
ويتعدى إلى المفعول الثاني بعلي. ففي الفخري (ص153): إنه ما يحفظ الخليفة في قبره أن يستحفظ على الناس رجلاً صالحا.
واستحفظ عليه: ادخره (بوشر) حِفْظ: أمن، أمان (بوشلار).
آيات الحفظ: آيات من القرآن. تتخذ تعويذة. وتجدها مذكورة في كتاب لين عادات المصريين (1: 377).
حِفاظ: أهل الحفاظ: الحامية. ففي حيان (ص3 ق): أهل الحفاظ أعني جند حضرته قرطبة.
والجمع: أحفظة: أغلفة، ظروف (المقري 1: 403) ولم أعثر على مفرد هذه الكلمة وربما كان مفردها حِفاظ مثل مرادفتها أصْوِنة ومفردها صِوان.
وحِفاظ: لفيفة، حضينة (محيط المحيط).
وحفاظ: رباط يشد ليمنع هبوط الشيء (بوشر، محيط المحيط).
حُفَاظ وجمعها حفاظات: لفافات وهي لفافة من نسيج القطن أو الكتان أو من الجلد وغير ذلك يشدّ بها (بوشر). حَفِظ: ملاك حفيظ: ملك حافظ (ألكالا).
حَفَّاظ: حارس (رولاند).
حافِظ: حاكم، وال، عامل (كرتاس ص166، 192، تاريخ البربر 1: 454).
حَفَّاظ: صغار الطلبة وهم الطبقة الخامسة في طبقات الموحدين (الحلل ص44ق).
حافظ الأجساد ( Lencrium scordium) ( ابن البيطار 1: 233، 2: 102) وليس في مخطوطة (أب) الأبدان كما هي لدى سونثيمر، بل الأجساد.
حافظة: الحافظة: القوة الحافظة وهي ملكة الحفظ. الذاكرة (بوشر، المقدمة 1: 176، المقري 1: 476، 569).
حافظة: حقيبة أوراق (محيط المحيط).
مِحْفِظَة جمعها مَحافِظ: جراب، حقيبة، كيس (فوك).
ومحفظة: كيس نقود (معجم ابن جبير، المقري 3: 754) ومحفظة: علبة الجواهر، دُرج الحلي (بشحتختة) (ألف ليلة 3: 551). محفظة: أنبوب طويل رفيع من القصب أو الخشب للكحل. (براكس مجلة الشرق والجزائر 6: 342).
محفظة: حقيبة أوراق، (بوشر، همبرت ص112، هلو).
مَحْفُوظ: نسبة محفوظة: تعني نسبة محكمة (مضبوطة) عند ابن طفيل (ص89).
وذهب محفوظ: ربما يعني انه مخلوط بنسبة معينة مضبوطة. ففي كتاب الخطيب (ص15 و): وصَرْفُهم وذهب إبريز طيب محفوظ.
والمحفوظ من الحديث: ما يصلح أن يحفظ وهو أحد حديثين منكرين يرجح أحدهما على الآخر (دي سلان مقدمة 2: 482).
مَحْفُوظِية: حافظة: ذاكرة، (بوشر).
مُحافِظ: والي المدينة (برتون 1: 19، 2: 10).
محافظون: حامية المدينة (بوشر).
مُحافَظة: حامية المدينة (هلو).
محافظة القوانين: امتثال القوانين (بوشر).
مُسْتَحْفَظ: آمر الحصن، والي (ابن الأثير 1: 49) = تاريخ أبي الفداء، 3: 222، أبو الفرج ص347)، فريتاج مختارات ص97 أبو الفرج ص400).

حفظ

1 حَفِظَهُ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. حِفْظُ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) He kept it, preserved it, guarded it, protected it, or took care of it; (S, K;) namely, a thing; (S;) he prevented it from perishing, or becoming lost; (Mgh, Msb;) namely, a thing, (Mgh,) or property &c.; (Msb;) and hence the saying, (Mgh,) حِفْظٌ is the contr. of نِسْيَانٌ; (M, Mgh;) i. e., it signifies the taking care, being careful; (M;) being mind ful, regardful, attentive, or considerate: (M, K:) [see also 5:] and بِهِ ↓ احتفظ signifies the same as حَفِظَهُ. (S, Msb.) [Hence,] you say, حَفِظَ المَالَ He kept and tended, or pastured and defended, the camels or the like. (K.) [And حَفِظَ حُرْمَةَ صَاحِبِهِ He was regardful of everything entitled to reverence, respect, honour, or defence, in the character and appertenances of his companion, or friend.] and حَفِظَ السِّرَّ He kept the secret. (TA.) [and حَفِظَ يَمِينَهُ He kept his oath: but this has also another meaning, as will be seen below.] and حَفِظَ القُرْآنَ He kept, or retained, the Kur-án in his mind, or memory; got it, knew it, or learned it, by heart. (S, * Msb, K.) [See also 5.] and حَفِظَ عِنْ فُلَانٍ [He learned by heart from such a one: and, followed by an accus. case, the same; or he retained in his memory, as learned, or heard, from such a one; or he remembered to have heard from such a one]. (TA &c. passim.) And one says of God, قَدْ حَفِظَ عَلَى خَلْقِهِ وَعِبَادِهِ مَا يَعْمَلُونَ مِنْ خَيْرٍ أَوْ شَرٍّ [He hath preserved from oblivion, for, or against, his creatures and his servants, what they do of good or evil]. (TA.) b2: Also He kept it from being used, or employed, on, or for, ordinary, mean, or vile, occasions, or purposes. (Mgh, Msb.) You say, فُلَانٌ يَحْفَظُ نَفْسَهُ وَلِسَانَهُ Such a one keeps himself and his tongue from ordinary, mean, or vile, employment, in that which does not concern him. (Mgh.) and hence the saying in the Kur [v. 91], وَاحْفَظُوا

أَيْمَانَكُمْ, accord. to one of the modes of interpreting it; i. e. And keep ye your oaths from being used, or uttered, on, or for, ordinary, mean, or vile, occasions, or purposes; agreeably with what is said in ii. 224 of the Kur, where ordinary and frequent swearing by God is forbidden. (Mgh.) [Another meaning of which this phrase is susceptible has been shown above.]2 حَفَّظْتُهُ الكِتَابَ I incited him, or urged him, [or made him,] to commit to memory, or learn by heart, the book: (S:) and [in like manner,] الحَدِيثَ ↓ أَحْفَظْتُهُ I made him to retain the narration, or tradition, in his mind, or memory; or to know it, or learn it, by heart. (TA in art. زكت.) 3 مُحَافَظَةٌ The defending of those persons, or things, that are sacred, or inviolable, or that one is bound to respect or honour, and to defend, (K, TA,) on the occasions of wars; (TA;) as also حِفَاظٌ. (K, TA.) You say, حافظ حَرِيمَهُ He defended his wife, or wives, or the like. (TK.) [And hence,] you say, إِنَّهُ لَذُو حِفَاظٍ, and ذُو مُحَافَظَةٍ, meaning Verily he is disdainful, or scornful. (S, TA.) b2: The being mindful, watchful, observant, or regardful: (S, and TA in art. رعى:) [see also 5:] or the keeping, attending, or applying oneself, constantly, perseveringly, or assiduously, (K, TA,) to a thing, or an affair. (TA.) You say, حافظ عَلَى الأَمْرِ, (TA,) or على الشَّىْءَ, inf. n. محافظة, (Msb,) He kept, attended, or applied himself, constantly, &c., to the thing, or affair. (TA.) And hence the saying in the Kur [ii. 239], حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ Perform ye the prayers in their proper times: or, accord. to Az, keep ye, attend ye, or apply yourselves, constantly, or perseveringly, to the performance of the prayers in their proper times. (TA.) b3: حِفَاظٌ, is also explained as signifying The being mindful, or observant, of a covenant, and the keeping, or fulfilling, of a promise, with forgiveness, and holding fast to love or affection. (TA.) 4 أَحْفَظَ see 2.

A2: احفظهُ, (S, K, TA,) and احفظهُ حِفْظَةً, inf. n. إِحْفَاظٌ, [He made him to conceive what is termed حِفْظَة, or حَفِيظَة;] he angered him; made him angry: (S, K, TA:) and in the same sense it is said of a speech, or word: (TA:) or only he angered him by evil, or foul, speech, (K, TA,) and making him to hear what he disliked, or hated. (TA.) 5 تحفّظ He guarded himself; syn. اِحْتَرَزَ (K, TA,) or تَحَرَّزَ, (Msb,) and تَحَرَّسَ, and اِحْتَرَسَ, (S and Msb and K in art. حرس,) مِنْهُ from him, or it, (S in art. حرس, &c.,) or عَنهُ. (TA.) He was, or became, careful, mindful, attentive, or considerate; (TA;) watchful, vigilant, or heedful; (S, O, L, TA;) in affairs, and speech, and to avoid a slip, or fault; as though he were cautious, or careful, or fearful, of falling. (L, TA.) [See also 1, and 3.]

A2: [In the last of the senses explained above, it is also trans.: you say, تحفَظ أَمْرَهُ He was careful, mindful, &c., of his affair, or case: see Bd in xxxiii. 52.] b2: تَحَفَّظْتُ الكِتَابَ I learned the book by heart, one part, or thing, after another. (S, TA.) [See also حَفِظَ القُرْآنَ, in the first paragraph.]8 احتفظ بِهِ: see 1. b2: احتفظهُ لِنَفْسِهِ, (K,) and احتفظ بِهِ لنفسه, (TA,) He appropriated it, took it, or chose it, to, or for, himself. (K, TA.) A2: احتفظ [He conceived, or became affected with, what is termed حِفْظَة, or حَفِيظَة;] he became angered, or angry: (S, K:) or he became angered by evil, or foul, speech. (K.) 10 استحفظهُ, (S, Kz, Sgh, Msb, K,) followed by إِيَّاهُ, (K,) or الشَّىْءَ, (Kz, Msb,) or مَالًا, or سِرًّا, (Sgh,) [but in the S, nothing follows it,] He asked him to keep, preserve, guard, or take care of, or to preserve from perishing or becoming lost, or to be careful of, or mindful of, or attentive to, (S, Sgh, Msb, K,) it, (S, K,) or the thing, (Msb,) or property, or a secret: (Sgh:) or he placed the thing with him for him to keep it, preserve it, guard it, or take care of it, &c.: (Kz:) or he intrusted him with the thing; intrusted it to him; or gave it to him in trust, or as a deposite. (Msb.) It is said in the Kur [v. 48], بِمَا اسْتُحْفِظُوا مِنْ كِتَابِ اللّٰهِ, meaning By that which they have been required to keep, &c., of the Book of God: (Msb:) or by that with which they have been intrusted, of the Book of God. (Msb, TA.) حِفْظٌ inf. n. of 1 [q. v.]. (S, Mgh, Msb.) b2: See also حَافِظٌ, last sentence but one.

حِفْظَةٌ: see حَفِيظَةٌ.

رَجُلٌ حُفَظَةٌ A man of much حِفْظ [app. meaning retention in the mind, or memory: see 1]. (Sgh.) حَفِيظٌ: see حَافِظٌ, in seven places: b2: and see مَحْفُوظٌ.

حَفِيظَةٌ The defence of those persons, or things, that are sacred, or inviolable, or that one is bound to respect or honour, and to defend; a subst. from 3, in the first of the senses mentioned above: (K, TA:) pl. حَفَائِظُ. (TA.) Hence the saying, الحَفَائِظُ تُذْهِبُ الأَحْقَادَ, (TA,) or تَنْقُضُ الأَحْقَادَ, (S,) [The acts of defending those whom one is bound to respect or honour, and to defend, put away, or annul, rancorous feelings;] i. e., when thou seest thy relation, or kinsman, wronged, thou defendest him, though rancour be in thy heart. (S, TA.) b2: Also, and ↓ حِفْظَةٌ, Indignation, and anger, (S, K, TA,) by reason of violence, or injury, done to something which one is bound to honour or respect, and to defend, or of wrong done to a relation, or kinsman, in one's neighbourhood, or of the breach of a covenant. (TA.) It is said in a prov., المَقْدِرَةُ تُذْهِبُ الحَفِيظَةَ [Power to revenge dispels anger, or indignation, &c.]; meaning that it is incumbent to forgive when one has power [to revenge]. (A, TA.) A2: An amulet, or a charm, bearing an inscription, which is hung upon a child, to charm against the evil eye &c. (TA.) حَافِظٌ and ↓ حَفِيظٌ Keeping, preserving, guarding, or taking care of, a thing; or a keeper, preserver, &c.: keeping and tending, or pasturing and defending, camels or the like; or a keeper and tender thereof: (K:) keeping a secret [and an oath]: (TA:) keeping, or retaining, the Kur-án [&c.] in the mind, or memory; knowing it, or learning it, by heart: (K:) intrusted with a thing, (K, TA,) to keep it, preserve it, guard it, or take care of it: (TA:) [careful, mindful, attentive, or considerate: (see 1:)] and the latter, a keeper, or person mindful, of the ordinances prescribed by God: (Bd and Jel in l. 31:) pl. of the former حَفَظَةٌ and حُفَّاظٌ: (Msb, K:) the latter pl. particularly applied to persons endowed with a faculty of retaining in the mind what they have heard, and seldom forgetting what they learn by heart. (TA.) You say, ↓ فُلَانٌ حَفِيظُنَا عَلَيْكُمْ i. e. حَافِظُنَا [Such a one is our keeper over you]. (TA.) It is said in the S that ↓ حَفِيظٌ is syn. with ↓ مُحَافِظٌ; [but this seems to be a mistranscription for حَافِظٌ;] and hence (it is there added) the saying in the Kur [vi. 104, and xi. 88], ↓ وَمَا أَنَا عَلَيْكُمْ بِحَفِيظٍ [And I am not a defender, or a watcher, or, as I rather think, a keeper, over you]. (TA.) You say also, رَجُلٌ حَافِظٌ لِدِينِهِ وَأَمَانَتِهِ وَيَمِينِهِ [A man who is a keeper, &c., of his religion and his deposite and his oath]; and ↓ حَفِيظٌ likewise: (Msb:) but حَافِظٌ لِيَمِينِهِ signifies also who keeps his oath from being used, or uttered, on, or for, ordinary, mean, or vile, occasions, or purposes. (Mgh.) And رَجُلٌ حَافِظُ العَيْنِ A man whom sleep does not overcome: (Lh, K:) because the eye guards the person when sleep does not overcome it. (TA.) ↓ الحَفِيظُ is also a name of God; meaning [The Preserver of all things;] He from whose preservation nothing is excluded, (K, * TA,) not even a thing of the weight of a ذَرَّة [q. v.], (TA,) in the heavens, nor on the earth; (K, TA;) who preserves from oblivion, for, or against, his creatures and his servants, what they do of good or evil; who preserves the heavens and the earth by his power, and whom the preservation of both does not burden. (TA.) And الحَفَظَةُ is an appellation of The recording angels, who write down the actions of the sons of Adam, or mankind; (S, K;) as also الحَافِظُونَ. (K.) ↓ حَفِيظٌ is sometimes trans.; as in the saying, هُوَ حَفِيظٌ عِلْمَكَ وَعِلْمَ غَيْرِكَ [He knows by heart thy science, and the science of others beside thee]. (TA.) [القُوَّةُ الحَافِظَةُ, and simply الحَافِظَةُ, signify The retentive faculty of the mind; retentiveness of mind; or memory; as also ↓ الحَفْظُ, for حِفْظُ القَلْبِ.] b2: حَافِظٌ also signifies (tropical:) A distinct and direct road; (En-Nadr, K, TA;) not one that is apparent at one time and then ceases to be traceable. (En-Nadr, TA.) مُحْفِظَاتٌ Things that anger a man, when he has his kinsman, or neighbour, slain. (TA.) b2: And مُحْفِظَاتُ رَجُلٍ A man's women and others whom he protects, and for whose defence he fights [when required to do so: because they occasion his being angered when they are injured]. (TA.) مَحْفُوظٌ Kept, preserved, guarded, or taken care of, because of the high estimation in which it is held; as also ↓ حَفِيظٌ. (TA.) It is said in the Kur [lxxxv. 21 and 22], بَلْ هُوَ قُرْآنٌ مَجِيدٌ فِى لَوْحٍ مَحْفُوظٍ (TA) [Nay, it is a glorious Kur-án, written upon a tablet preserved] from the devils and from the alteration of anything thereof: (Jel:) or, accord. to one reading, مَحْفُوظٌ, this epithet being thus made to relate to the Kur-án. (TA.) b2: [Hence, as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates, and then as a subst.,] A young child; in the dial. of Mekkeh; as a term of good omen: pl. مَحَافِيظُ. (TA.) b3: [Also Kept, or retained, in the mind, or memory; known, or learned, by heart. Hence the phrase,] عَرَضَ مَحْفُوظَاتِهِ عَلَى فُلَانٍ He showed the things which he kept, or retained, in his mind, or memory, or which he knew, or had learned, by heart, to such a one. (TA.) مُحَافِظٌ: see حَافِظٌ.