سفر
1 سَفَرَ, (
S,
M,
A,
K,)
aor. ـِ
inf. n. سَفْرٌ, (
M,
K,) He swept a house, or chamber, (
S,
M,
A,
K,) &c. (
M.)
b2: And He, or it, [swept away; or took away, or carried off, in every direction: and] dispersed: (
M,
K:) and removed, took off, or stripped off, a thing from a thing which it covered. (
M *
A, *
K.) You say, سَفَرَتِ الرِّيحُ التُّرَابَ, and الوَرَقَ, (assumed
tropical:) The wind swept away the dust, and the leaves: or too them away, or carried them off, in every direction. (
M.) and سَفَرَت ِ الرِّيحُ الغَيْمَ (assumed
tropical:) The wind dispersed the clouds: (
M,
TA:) or (assumed
tropical:) removed the clouds from the face of the sky. (
A, *
TA.) And you say of a woman, سَفَرَتْ, (
S,
M,
A,
Mgh,
K,)
aor. ـِ (
M,)
inf. n. سُفُورٌ, (
M,
Mgh,) meaning She removed her veil (
M,
A,
Mgh) عَنْ وَجْهِهَا from her face: (
A,
M:) and [elliptically] (
M) she uncovered her face: (
S,
M,
K:) [for] سَفَرْتُ الشَّىْءَ, [being for سفرت عَنِ الشَّىْءِ,]
aor. ـِ
inf. n. سَفْرٌ [or سُفُورٌ?], signifies I uncovered the thing; made it apparent, or manifest: (
Mgh:) [but
accord. to
Mtr,] the phrase تَسْفِرُ وَجْهَهَا [meaning she uncovers her face] is of weak authority. (
Mgh.)
b3: Hence, i. e. from سَفَرَتْ meaning “ she uncovered her face,” (
M,) سَفَرْتُ بَيْنَ القَوْمِ, (
S,
M,
Mgh, *
Msb,
K,)
aor. ـِ (
S,
Msb,
K) and سَفُرَ, (
K,)
inf. n. سِفَارَةٌ (
S,
Mgh,
Msb,
K) and سَفَارَةٌ and سَفْرٌ, (
K,) (assumed
tropical:) I made peace, effected a reconciliation, or adjusted a difference, between the people; (
S,
Mgh,
Msb,
K;) because he who does so exposes what is in the mind of each party: (
TA:) or I exposed what was in the mind of this and the mind of this in order to make peace, &c., between the people. (
M.) [See also سِفَارَةٌ, below.]
b4: [and likewise, perhaps, from سَفَرَتْ meaning “ she uncovered her face,”] سَفَرَتِ الشَّمْسُ,
aor. ـِ
inf. n. سَفْرٌ, (assumed
tropical:) The sun rose. (
Msb.)
b5: See also 4, in two places.
b6: سَفَرَ, (
S,)
Msb,)
aor. ـِ (
S,) or ـُ (
Msb,)
inf. n. سُفُورٌ, (
S,) or سَفَرٌ, (
Msb,) [the former of which
inf. ns. perhaps indicates a radical relation to سَفَرَتْ said of a woman, and of the sun,
expl. above,] He went forth to journey: (
S,
Msb:) this verb, however, in this sense, [which appears to have been unknown, or not acknowledged, by the authors of the
M and
K, (see مُسَافِرٌ,)] is obsolete; but its
inf. n. سَفَرٌ is used as a simple
subst. (
Msb. [See 3, the verb commonly used in this sense.])
b7: [Hence, app,] سَفَرَ شَحْمُهُ (
tropical:) His fat went away. (
A,
TA.)
b8: and سَفَرَتِ الحَرْبُ (
tropical:) The war declined;
syn. وَلَّت. (
A,
K.)
A2: سَفَرَ الكِتَابَ, (
S,
A,)
aor. ـِ
inf. n. سَفْرٌ, (
S,) He wrote the book, or writing. (A. [See سِفْرٌ.])
A3: سَفَرَ البَعِيرَ, (
S,
K,) or سَفَرَهُ بِالسِّفَارِ, (
M,)
aor. ـِ (
M,
K,)
inf. n. سَفْرٌ; (
M;) and ↓ اسفرهُ, (
Az,
M,
K,)
inf. n. إِسْفَارٌ; (
TA;) and ↓ سفّرهُ, (
Kr,
M,
K,)
inf. n. تَسْفِيرٌ; (
TA;) He put the سِفَار [
q. v.] upon the nose of the camel. (
S,
M,
K.)
A4: سَفَرَ اِلغَنَمَ He sold the best of the sheep, or goats. (
K.) 2 سفّرهُ,
inf. n. تَسْفِيرٌ, He sent him to go a journey. (
K,
TA.)
b2: سفّر الإِبِلَ, (
K,)
inf. n. as above, (
TA,) He pastured the camels between sunset and nightfall, and in the سَفِير, (
K,
TA,) i. e., the whiteness [of the sky] before night: (
TA:) or he fed the camels with سَفِير [
q. v.]: (so in the O:) and سفّر فَرَسَهُ,
inf. n. تَسْفِيرُ, He fed his horse with سَفِير: or he kept him continually going, and trained him, in order that he might become strong to journey. (
JM.)
b3: سفّر النَّارَ, (
K,)
inf. n. as above, (
TA,) He made the fire to flame, or blaze; (
K,
TA;) kindled it; or made it to burn, burn up, or burn brightly or fiercely, (
TA.)
A2: See also 1, last sentence but one.
3 سَاْفَرَ [سافر is
trans. and
intrans.] You say, الرِّيَاحُ يُسَافِرُ بَعْضُهَا بَعْضًا [The winds vie, one with another, in sweeping the ground, effacing one another's traces]: for the east wind removes and disperses the longitudinal traces made by the west wind, and the south wind makes traces across them. (
S, *
K, *
TA.)
A2: And سافر,
inf. n. مُسَافَرَةٌ (
S,
Msb,
K) and سِفَارٌ, (
S,
K,) He journeyed, or went, (
K,) or went forth to journey, (
S,
Msb,) إِلَى بَلَدِ كَذَا [to such a country, or town]. (
S,
K.) And سَافَرَ سَفَرًا بَعِيدًا [He journeyed, or went, a far journey]. (
A,
Mgh.) [See also 1.]
b2: [Hence,] (assumed
tropical:) He died. (
K.)
b3: and سَافَرَتِ الشَّمْسُ عَنْ كَبِدِ السَّمَآءِ (
tropical:) [The sun declined from the middle of the sky]. (
A.)
b4: and سَافَرَتْ عَنْهُ الحُمَّى (
tropical:) [The fever departed from him]. (
A.) 4 اسفرت الشَّجَرَةُ The tree had its leaves blown off [and swept away] by the wind; (
K, *
TA;) they having become changed in colour, and white. (
TA.)
b2: And اسفر, (
inf. n. إِسْفَارٌ,
Mgh,
Msb,) It (the dawn, or daybreak,) shone, (
T,
S,
M,
A,
Mgh,
Msb,
K,) so that there was no doubt respecting it; (
T,
TA;) as also ↓ سَفَرَ, (
M,
K,)
aor. ـِ (
K,)
inf. n. سَفْرٌ: (
TA:) it has a special relation to colour; meaning it shone in colour. (
B,
TA.)
b3: It (the moon) caused a shining [in the sky] before its rising. (
M.)
b4: (
tropical:) It (a man's face) shone (
S,
M) [with happiness (see مُسْفِرٌ)]; or with beauty; for you say, اسفر حُسْنًا; (
S;) as also ↓ سَفَرَ: (
M:) or became overspread with beauty. (
Msb.)
b5: And He entered upon the time of dawn, or daybreak; (
M;) or the time when the dawn became white. (
K.) The Prophet said, أَسْفِرُوا بِالفَجْرِ, meaning Perform ye the prayer of daybreak when ye enter upon the time in which the dawn shines, or becomes white: (
S, *
Msb:) or when the dawn has become manifest, so that there is no doubt respecting it, every one knowing it to be the true dawn when he sees it;
accord. to EshSháfi'ee and Ibn-Hambal and others: (
T,
TA:) or prolong ye the prayer of daybreak until ye enter upon the time when the dawn becomes white: (
S,
TA:) some say that it relates especially to nights in [the end of] which the moon shines, because in such the commencement of daybreak is not manifest: (
TA:) or أَسْفَرَ بِالصَّلَاةِ means he performed prayer in the shining of the dawn: and the ب is for the purpose of making the verb transitive. (
Mgh.)
b6: اسفرت الحَرْبُ (
tropical:) The war became vehement. (
A,
K.)
A2: See also 1, last sentence but one.
5 تسفّر means أَتَى بِسَفَرٍ, (
O,
K,) i. e. He came in [the time of] the whiteness of day [either before sunrise or after sunset]. (
TA.)
b2: and تسفّرت الإِبِلُ The camels pastured between sunset and nightfall, (
O,
K,) and in the سَفِير, (
K,
TA,) i. e. the whiteness [of the sky] before night. (
TA. [But see 2, second sentence.])
A2: تسفّر النِسَآءَ (
O,
K,
TA) عَنْ وُجُوهِهِنَّ (
O,
TA)
i. q. ↓ اِسْتَسْفَرَهُنَّ, (
O,
K,
TA,) i. e. He sought the brightest of the women in face and in beauty (
TA,
TK *) for marriage. (
TK.)
b2: And تسفّر شَيْئاً مِنْ حَاجَتِهِ (
tropical:) He attained, or obtained, somewhat of the object of his want (
O,
K,
TA) before its becoming beyond his reach. (
TA.)
b3: and تسفّر فُلَانًا (assumed
tropical:) He sought to obtain of such a one the half (النِّصْفَ,
O,
K,
TA [in the
CK. النَّصَفَ, by which, if it be correct, may perhaps be meant what was equitable, and النِّصْفَ may bear the same interpretation,]) of a claim (تَبِعَة) that he had upon him. (
O,
K,
TA.)
A3: تسفّر الجِلْدُ The skin received, or had, a mark, or an impression: (
O,
K:) from سَفْرٌ meaning أَثَرٌ. (
TA.) 7 انسفر الغَيْمُ (assumed
tropical:) The clouds became dispersed: (
M,
TA:) [or] became removed from the face of the sky. (
TA.)
b2: انسفر مُقَدَّمُ رَأْسِهِ مِنَ الشَّعَرِ (assumed
tropical:) The fore part of his head became divested of the hair. (
S,
K. *)
b3: انسفرت الإبِلُ فِى الأَرْضِ (assumed
tropical:) The camels went away into the country, or land. (
M,
K. *) 9 إِسْفَرَّ [اِسْفَرِّتِ الشَّمْسُ,
inf. n. اِسْفِرَارٌ,
app. meansThe sun became white, previously to setting.] See سَفَرٌ.
10 استسفر الِنّسَآءَ: see 5.
A2: استسفرهُ He sent him as a سَفِير [
q. v.]. (
JM.) سَفْرٌ: see مُسَافِرٌ, in two places.
A2: Also A mark, an impression, a trace, or a vestige, (أَثَرٌ,
K,
TA,) remaining: (
TA:)
pl. سُفُورٌ. (
K.) [
Accord. to Freytag, it occurs in the Deewán El-Hudhaleeyeen as meaning The track, or trace, of a surge, or torrent.]
سِفْرٌ A book, or writing: (
S,
M:) or a great, or large, book: or a section of the Book of the Law revealed to Moses: (
M,
K:) or a book that discovers, or reveals, truths: (
TA:) or a book is thus called because it discovers things, and makes them evident: (
M:)
pl. أَسْفَارٌ. (
S,
M.)
b2: With respect to the saying of Aboo-Sakhr El-Hudhalee, زلِلَيْلَى بِذَاتِ البَيْنِ دَارٌعَرَفْتُهَا وَأُخْرَى بِذَاتِ الجَيْشِ آيَاتُهَاسِفْرُ
Skr says, [the poet means,] the marks, or traces, thereof had become effaced: [accordingly, the verse may be rendered, To Leylà there was in Dhát-el-Beyn an abode that I knew, and another in Dhát-el-Jeysh whereof the marks, or traces, are effaced:]
IJ says, [
app. holding the meaning to be, the marks, or traces, whereof are (like those of) an ancient book, such as a portion of the Mosaic Law,] the last word should be from the phrase سَفَرْتُ البَيْتَ, i. e. “ I swept the house, or chamber; ” as though the writing were swept off from the طِرْس [or “ written paper ” or the like, to which the poet seems to compare the site of the abode in Dhát-el-Jeysh]. (
M,
TA.) سَفَرٌ Journey, or travel; the act of journeying or travelling; (
S,
A,
K;)
contr. of حَضَرٌ: (
M,
K:) thus called because of the going and coming in it, like the going and coming of the wind sweeping away fallen leaves: (
M:) or the act of going forth to journey; an
inf. n. used as a simple
subst.: (
Msb:) [therefore] the
pl. is أسْفَارٌ: (
S,
M,
A,
Msb,
K:) [and therefore it is often used as a
n. un.; but, properly speaking, the
n. un. is ↓ سَفْرَةٌ:] you say, كَانَتْ سَفْرَتُهُ قَرِيبَةً [His journey was near]: and the
pl. of سَفْرَةٌ,
accord. to rule, is سَفَرَاتٌ. (
Msb.) In law, [as relating to the obligation of fasting &c.,] The going forth with the intention of performing a journey of three days and nights, or more. (
KT.)
A2: Also The whiteness of dawn or daybreak: (
A:) or the whiteness of the day: (
S,
M:) and
i. q. صَبَاحٌ [dawn, or morning, or forenoon; but
app. here used in the first of these senses]: (
M:) and ↓ سَفِيرٌ, the whiteness [of the sky] before night: (
A,
TA:) or the former, the remains of the whiteness of day after sunset. (
K.) You say سَفَرًا i. e. صَبَاحًا [
app. as meaning In the dawn]. (
A.) And the prose-rhymer says, إِذَا طَلَعَتِ الشِّعْرَى سَفَرًا لَمْ تَرَفِيهَا مَطَرًا (
S, *
TA) i. e. When Sirius rises in the whiteness of day [meaning in the clear twilight of morning, thou seest not then rain: for Sirius rises aurorally, in Arabia, in the middle and the latter half of July, when rain scarcely ever falls there]. (
S. [
Accord. to the
TA, the meaning,
app. taken without consideration from one of the foregoing explanations of سَفَرٌ, is, when Sirius rises at nightfall: but this is during the usual winter-rains.]) You say also, لَقِيتُهُ سَفَرًا, and فِى سَفَرٍ, meaning ↓ عِنْدَاسْفِرَارِ الشَّمْسِ لِلغُرُوبِ, thus related, with س [in the word اسفرار (not with ص), and
app. meaning I met him when the sun was becoming white, previously to the setting]. (
M.) And بَقِىَ سَفَرٌ مِنْ نَهَارٍ [There remained a white gleam of daylight]. (
A.) سَفْرَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.
سُفْرَةٌ The food of the traveller; (
M,
K;) the food that is prepared for the traveller, (
S,
Msb,) or for a journey: (
TA:)
pl. َسُفَرٌ. (
Msb.) This is the primary signification. (
TA.) You say, أَكَلُوا السُّفْرَةَ They ate the food for the journey. (
A.)
b2: Hence, (
tropical:) The receptacle thereof; (
TA;) the piece of skin in which it is put. (
S, *
M, *
Msb,
K, *
TA.) [This is commonly of a round form, with a running string; so that it is converted into a bag to contain the food, at one time, and at another time is spread flat upon the ground, when persons want to eat upon it.]
b3: And hence, (
tropical:) The thing [whatever it be] upon which one eats: (
TA:) [in the desert, it is generally a round piece of skin, such as I have described above: in the towns, in the houses of the middle classes, a round tray of tinned copper, which is usually placed on a low stool; and in the dwellings of some of the highest classes, and the lowest, respectively, of silver and wood:]
accord. to the
T, سُفْرَةٌ has the last of the significations given before this, and the thing which it denotes is thus called because it is spread when one eats upon it. (
TA.) سِفَارٌ (
Lh,
S,
M,
K) and ↓ سِفَارَةٌ (
Lh,
M) A piece of iron, (
S,
M,
K,) or a cord, (
M,) or a piece of skin, (
K,) that is put over the nose [and jaws] of a camel, in the place of the حَكَمَة [
q. v.] (
Lh,
S,
M,
K) of the horse: (
S,
K:) or a cord that is attached to the خِطَام [
q. v.] of a camel, a part being twisted round it, and the rest being made a rein: and sometimes it is of iron: (
Lth:)
pl. [of pauc., of the former,] أَسْفِرَةٌ (
M,
K) and [of mult.] سُفُرٌ (
S,
M,
K) and [of either] سَفَائِرُ. (
M,
K.) سَفِيرٌ Leaves which the wind sweeps away; (
M;) leaves which fall from trees (
S,
A,
K) and which the wind sweeps away, (
A,) or because the wind sweeps them away: (
S:) or leaves of herbs; because the wind sweeps them away: (
T,
TA:) or what have fallen of the leaves of trees and of the lower portions of seed-produce. (
JM.)
A2: Also A messenger: (
S:) and (assumed
tropical:) a mediator; or a man who makes peace, effects a reconciliation, or adjusts a difference, between a people; (
S,
M,
Msb;) as also ↓ سَافِرٌ: (
Msb:) or a messenger who makes peace, &c.: (
T,
Mgh,
TA:) [see 1:]
pl. of the former سُفَرَآءُ, (
S,
M,
Mgh,) and of the latter سَفَرَةٌ. (
Har p. 255. [See also سِفَارَةٌ, below.])
b2: And (assumed
tropical:) A commissioned
agent, a factor, or a deputy; and the like:
pl. as above:
app. so called because he discovers, and makes manifest, the affair in which he acts as a substitute for another person. (
Msb.)
A3: See also سَفَرٌ.
سُفَارَةٌ Sweepings. (
S,
M,
K.) سِفَارَةٌ an
inf. n. of سَفَرَ in the phrase سَفَرَ بَيْنَ القَوْمِ [
q. v.]. (
S,
Mgh,
Msb,
K.) [And hence, The office of the سَفِير (
q. v.). See also De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., sec. ed., i. 126 and 172: and Quatremère's Hist. des Sultans Mamlouks, i. 193.]
A2: Also The falling of one's hair from [above] his forehead. (
Sgh,
TA.)
A3: See also سِفَارٌ.
سَافِرٌ [
act. part. n. of 1:] A woman having her face uncovered: (
S,
M,
Mgh,
K:)
pl. سَوَافِرُ. (
TA.)
b2: And a horse (assumed
tropical:) having little flesh: (
K:) or so سَافِرُ اللَّحْمِ, a phrase used by Ibn-Mukbil. (
TA.)
b3: See also سَفِيرٌ.
b4: And see مُسَافِرٌ, in two places.
A2: Also A writer; a scribe: (
Akh,
S,
M,
K:) in the Nabathæan language سَافِرَا: (
M:)
pl. سَفَرَةٌ: (
Akh,
S,
M,
K:) which is also applied to the angels who register actions. (
M,
K.) تَسْفِيرَةٌ: see مِسْفَرَةٌ.
مَسْفَرٌ
sing. of مَسَافِرُ, (
A,) which signifies The part that appears [or parts that appear] of the face. (
S,
A, *
K.)
b2: [Also, or مَسْفِرٌ, A place of journeying or travelling: in which sense, likewise, its
pl. is مَسَافِرُ.] One says, بَيْنِى وَبَيْنَهُ مَسَافِرُ بَعِيدَةٌ [Between me and him, or it, are farextending tracts to be travelled]. (
A.) مُسْفِرٌ [
act. part. n. of 4,
q. v.:] (
tropical:) A face shining (
A,
TA) with happiness. (
A.)
b2: النَّاقَةُ المُسْفِرَةُ الحُمْرَةِ [in the
CK (erroneously) الحُمْرَةُ] means (assumed
tropical:) [The she-camel] that is somewhat above such as is termed صَهْبَآء [in respect of redness]. (
O,
K,
TA.) مِسْفَرٌ: see مِسْفَرَةٌ.
b2: Also A man (
TA) that journeys, or travels, much; (
K;) and so ↓ مِسْفَارٌ: (
A:) or that journeys, or travels, much, and is strong for journeying: (
M:) and, applied to a camel, (
S,
M,
A,) strong for journeying; (
S,
M,
A,
K;)
fem. with ة, (
S,
M,
K,) applied to a she-camel, (
S,
M,) as also ↓ مِسْفَارٌ, thus applied. (
M.) مِسْفَرَةٌ A broom; a thing with which one sweeps; (
S,
M,
K;) as also ↓ مِسْفَرٌ, and ↓ تَسْفِيرَةٌ, of which last, (
expl. by مَا يُسْفَرُ بِهِ,) the
pl. is تَسَافِيرُ. (
TA.) مُسَفِّرٌ
i. q. مُجَلِّدٌ [i. e. One who binds books (أَسْفَار,
pl. of سِفْرٌ), or covers them with leather]. (
A,
TA.) مِسْفَارٌ: see مِسْفَرٌ, in two places.
مَسْفُورٌ Distressed, or fatigued, by journeying or travel. (
TA.) مُسَافِرٌ A man journeying, or travelling; a traveller; a wayfarer; (
S,
M,
K;) as also ↓ سَافِرٌ; (
M, *
K;) which latter is [said to be] not a part.
n., but [a possessive
epithet] meaning ذُو سَفَرٍ, (
M,) having no verb belonging to it (
M,
K) that we have seen; (
M;) or it is from سَفَرَ, and signifies going forth on a journey: (
S,
Msb:)
pl. of the former مُسَافِرُونَ, (
S,) and of the latter سُفَّارٌ (
S,
M,
A,
Msb,
K) and أَسْفَارٌ (
M,
K) and سُفَّرٌ; (
TA;) and you also say ↓ قَوْمٌ سَافِرَةٌ [
fem. of سَافِرٌ], (
S, *
M,
Msb,
K,) and ↓ قَوْمٌ سَفْرٌ, (
S,
M,
A,
Msb,
K,) [سَفْرٌ being a
quasi-pl. n.,] like صَحْبٌ in relation to صَاحِبْ: (
S,
Mgh,
Msb:) and ↓ سَفْرٌ is also used as a
sing., (
M,
K,) being originally an
inf. n. (
TA.)
b2: مُسَافِرَةٌ is used by Zuheyr as a name for A [wild] cow. (
M,
TA.)
