جهد
1 جَهَدَ, (
S,
A,
L, &c.,)
aor. ـَ (
K,)
inf. n. جَهْدٌ, (
TA,) He strove, laboured, or toiled; exerted himself or his power or efforts or endeavours or ability; employed himself vigorously, strenuously, laboriously, diligently, studiously, sedulously, earnestly, or with energy; was diligent, or studious; took pains, or extraordinary pains; (
S,
A,
L,
K;) فِى كَذَا in such a thing; (
S;) or فِى الأَمْرِ in the affair; (A;) as also ↓ اجتهد; (
A,
K;) and so ↓ جاهد, with respect to speech and actions: (
L:) or جَهَدَ فِى الأَمْرِ,
aor. and
inf. n. as above, he did his utmost, or used his utmost power or efforts or endeavours or ability, in prosecuting the affair: (
Msb:) and ↓ اجتهد and ↓ تجاهد he exerted unsparingly his power, or ability: (
S,
A,
K:) or فِى الأَمْرِ ↓ اجتهد he exerted unsparingly his power, or ability, in the prosecution of the affair, so as to effect his utmost. (
Msb.) You say also, اِجْهَدْ جَهَدَكَ فِى هذَا الأَمْرِ (
tropical:) Do thine utmost in this affair: (
Fr,
S,
K: *) but not جُهْدَكَ. (
Fr,
S.) And رَأْيَهُ ↓ اجتهد (
tropical:) He took pains, or put himself to trouble or fatigue, to form a right judgment or opinion. (
MA.) And رَأْيِى وَنَفْسِى حَتَّى ↓ اِجْتَهَدْتُ بَلَغْتُ مَجْهُودِى (assumed
tropical:) I exerted my judgment and my mind so that I attained the utmost of my power, or ability. (
T,
L.)
b2: جَهَدَبِهِ He tried, proved, or examined, him, (
L,
K,) عَنِ الخَيْرِ وَ غَيْرِهِ [respecting good qualities, &c.]. (
L.)
A2: جَهَدَهُ, (
Mgh,
L,
Msb,)
aor. ـَ (
Mgh,
L,)
inf. n. جَهْدٌ, (
L,
Msb,) It, (an affair, and a disease,) and he, (a man,) affected him severely; harassed, embarrassed, distressed, afflicted, troubled, inconvenienced, fatigued, or wearied, him: (
Msb:) it (disease,
L and
K, and fatigue, and love,
L) rendered him lean; emaciated him: (
L,
K:) he burdened him beyond his power; imposed upon him that which was beyond his power; as also ↓ اجهدهُ: (
Mgh:) and, [as also ↓ اجهدهُ,] he importuned him, harassed him, or plied him hard, in asking, begging, or petitioning. (
A.) [Hence,] جُهِدَ, said of a man, He was severely affected, harassed, embarrassed, distressed, afflicted, troubled, inconvenienced, fatigued, or wearied: (
S,
L:) or was grieved, or made sorry or unhappy. (
L.) and أَصَابَهُمْ قُحُوطٌ مِنَ المَطَرِ فَجُهِدُوا جَهْدًا شَدِيدًا Drought befell them, and they consequently became severely distressed. (
S.) And جُهِدُوا They were, or became, afflicted with drought, barrenness, or dearth; or with drought, and dryness of the earth. (
L.) And رَجُلٌ يَجْهَدُ أَنْ يَحْمِلَ سِلَاحَهُ مِنَ الضَّعْفِ, for يَجْهَدُ نَفْسَهُ, A man who imposes upon himself a difficulty, or trouble, or fatigue, or a difficult or severe task, or who strains, or strains himself, in the carrying of his weapons, or arms, by reason of weakness. (
Mgh.) And جَهَدَ دَابَّتَهُ and ↓ اجهدها He jaded, harassed, distressed, fatigued, or wearied, his beast;
i. q. ↓ بَلَغَ جَهْدَهَا: (
K:) or he tasked, or plied, his beast beyond his power in journeying, or marching, or in respect of pace. (
S,
Msb.) And أَجْهَدْتُهُ عَلَى أَنْ يَفْعَلَ كَذَا وَ كَذَا [I importuned him, or harassed him, to do such and such things]. (
L.)
b2: Also, (
S,
Msb,)
aor. as above, (
A,) and so the
inf. n., (
Msb,) (
tropical:) He deprived it (namely, milk,) of its butter, (
S,
A,
K,) entirely: (
S,
K:) or churned it so as to extract its butter and render it sweet and pleasant: or mixed it with water: (
Msb:) or diluted it so that it consisted for the most part of water: and in like CCC manner is used in relation to broth. (
A.)
b3: Hence, (
Msb,) جَهَدَهَا (assumed
tropical:) He lay with her; or compressed her: (
L,
Msb, from a
trad.:) or
i. q. دَفَعَهَا, and حَفَزَهَا [which has a similar meaning]. (
L.)
b4: جَهَدَ الطَّعَامِ (assumed
tropical:) He desired the food eagerly; longed for it; (
S,
K;) as also ↓ اجهدهُ. (
K.) And جُهِدَ الطَّعَامُ and ↓ أُجْهِدَ (assumed
tropical:) The food was eagerly desired, or longed for. (
S.)
b5: Also (
tropical:) He ate much of the food: (
S,
K:) he left nothing of it. (
A.) You say also, هٰذَا كَلَأٌ يَجْهَدُهُ المَالُ (assumed
tropical:) This is herbage, or pasture, of which the cattle eat perseveringly. (
AA,
TA.)
A3: جَهِدَ It (a state of life) was, or became, hard, difficult, strait, or distressful. (
S,
K.) 3 جِهَادٌ,
inf. n. of جاهد, properly signifies The using, or exerting, one's utmost power, efforts, endeavours, or ability, in contending with an object of disapprobation; and this is of three kinds, namely, a visible enemy, the devil, and one's self; all of which are included in the term as used in the
Kur xxii. 77. (
Er-Rághib,
TA.) See also 1, first sentence. You say, جاهد العَدُوَّ, (
JK,
A,
Mgh,)
inf. n. as above (
JK,
Mgh,
K) and مُجَاهَدَةٌ, (
JK,
K,) He fought with the enemy: (
K:) or he encountered the enemy, imposing upon himself difficulty or distress or fatigue, or exerting his power or efforts or endeavours or ability, [or the utmost thereof,] to repel him, his enemy doing the like: and hence جاهد came to be used by the Muslims to signify generally he fought, warred, or waged war, against unbelievers and the like. (
Mgh.) You say also, جاهد فِى سَبِيلِ اللّٰهِ,
inf. n. جِهَادٌ (
S,
Msb) and مُجَاهَدَةٌ, (
S,) [He fought, &c., in the way of God; i. e., in the cause of religion.]
4 اجهد, as
trans.: see 1, in six places.
b2: Also He made, or incited, another, to strive or labour or toil, to exert himself or his power or efforts or endeavours or ability, &c.;
trans. of 1 in the first of the senses assigned to it above. (
JK.)
b3: أُجْهِدَ He was thrown into a state of difficulty, distress, affliction, trouble, inconvenience, or fatigue. (
L.)
b4: اجهد مَالَهُ He consumed, or wasted, and dispersed, his property: (
K:) or gave it away, and dispersed it, altogether, here and there. (En-Nadr,
TA.)
A2: As intrans., He (an enemy) strove, laboured, or exerted himself, in enmity, (
K,
TA,) عَلَيْنَا against us. (
TA.)
b2: He acted with energy, or with the utmost energy: so in the phrases سَارَ فَأَجْهَدَ He marched, or journeyed, and did so with energy, or with the utmost energy; and حَلَفَ بِاللّٰهِ فَأَجْهَدَ He swore by God, and did so with energy, &c.: in which cases one should not say فَجَهَدَ. (Aboo-' Amr Ibn-El-'Alà,
L.)
b3: He took the course prescribed by prudence, precaution, and sound judgment, فِى الأَمْرِ in the affair;
syn. اِحْتَاطَ. (
L,
K.)
b4: He became in a state of difficulty, embarrassment, distress, affliction, trouble, inconvenience, or fatigue. (
L.)
b5: (assumed
tropical:) It (a thing) became mixed, or confused. (
K.)
A3: He entered upon land such as is termed جَهَاد: he went forth into the desert; and into the plain, or open country. (
JK.)
b2: It rose up; rose into view; appeared. (
JK.) You say, اجهد لِىَ القَوْمُ The people, or company of men, came within my sight, or view;
syn. أَشْرَفُوا. (
AA,
K.) And اجهد فِيهِ الشَّيْبُ Hoariness appeared upon him, and became much: (
TA:) or (
tropical:) became much, and spread: (
A:) or became much, and was quick in its progress, (
K,
TA,) and spread. (
TA.) And أَجْهَدَتْ لَهُ الأَرْضُ The land became open to him. (
L,
K. *) And in like manner, اجهد له الطَّرِيقُ, (
L,) and الحَقُّ, (
L,
K, *) The road, and (assumed
tropical:) the truth, became open, apparent, and manifest, to him. (
L,
K. *) And اجهد لَكَ الأَمْرُ (assumed
tropical:) The thing became, or has become, within thy power, or reach; (Aboo-Sa'eed,
K;) and offered, or presented, itself to thee. (Aboo-Sa'eed,
TA.) 6 تَجَاْهَدَ see 1.
8 إِجْتَهَدَ see 1, in five places.
b2: اِجْتِهَادٌ as a conventional term means A lawyer's exerting the faculties [of the mind] to the utmost, for the purpose of forming an opinion in a case of law [respecting a doubtful and difficult point]: (
KT:) the seeking to form a right opinion: (
KL:) [investigation of the law, or the working out a solution of any difficulty in the law, by means of reason and comparison: and] the referring a case proposed to the judge, [respecting a doubtful and difficult point,] from the method of
analogy, to the
Kur-Án and the Sunneh. (
L,
TA. *) جَهْدٌ Power; ability; as also ↓ جُهْدٌ; (
S,
A,
IAth,
L,
Msb,
K;) the latter of the
dial. of El-Hijáz, and the former of other dials.; (
Msb;) and ↓ مَجْهُودٌ: (
A:) جهد in the
Kur ix. 80 is read both جَهْد and ↓ جُهد: (
S:) and جَهْدٌ signifies also labour, toil, exertion, effort, endeavour, energy, diligence, painstaking, or extraordinary painstaking: (
L: [see جَهَدَ:]) or ↓ جُهْدٌ has the signification first mentioned above, (
Fr,
S,
IAth,
Msb,) and جَهْدٌ, with fet-h, is from اِجْهَدْ جَهْدَكَ فِى هٰذَا الأَمْرِ, (
Fr,
S,) or from جَهَدَ فِى الأَمْرِ, being an
inf. n. from this verb, (
Msb,) and signifies, [as also ↓ مَجْهُودٌ,] one's utmost; the utmost of one's power or ability or efforts or endeavours or energy. (
Fr,
S,
IAth,
Msb,
K.) You say, بَذَلَ الجَهْدَ, (
Msb in art. بلغ, &c.,) and ↓ المَجْهُودَ, (
S,
A,) or جَهْدَهُ, (
Mgh,) [and ↓ مَجْهُودَهُ,] He exerted unsparingly his power or ability: (
Mgh:) [or his utmost power or ability or efforts or endeavours or energy; as shown above.] And بَلَغَ جَهْدَهُ, (
A,
L,) and ↓ مَجْهُودَهُ, (
A,) He accomplished the utmost of his power or ability; did his utmost. (
A,
L. [Like جَهَدَ جَهْدَهُ. See also بَلَغَ جَهْدَ دَابَّتِهِ, below.]) And ↓ جُهَيْدَى is
syn. with جَهْدٌ; (
K;) as in the saying, لَأَبْلُغَنَّ جُهَيْدَاىَ فِى الأَمْرِ (
JK,
TK,) i. e. I will assuredly accomplish the utmost of my power, or ability, in the affair. (
TK. [In a copy of the
A, جُهَيْدَاكَ; and so in the
TA, I believe from that same copy.]) [So, too, is ↓ جُهَادَى; as in the saying,] جُهَادَاكَ
أَنْ تَفْعَلَ The utmost of thy power, or ability, and the utmost of thy case, is, or will be, thy doing [such a thing];
syn. قُصَارَاكَ [
q. v.], (
JK,
K,) and غَايَةُ أَمْرِكَ. (
TA.) الَّذِينَ أَقْسَمُوا بِاللّٰهِ جَهْدَ
أَيْمَانِهِمْ, in the
Kur [
v. 58, &c.], means Who swore by God with the most energetic of their oaths: (
K, *
Jel:) or the strongest, or most forcible, of their oaths; جهد being originally an
inf. n., and in the accus. as a denotative of state with يَجْهَدُونَ understood before it, or as an
inf. n. (
Bd.)
b2: Also Difficulty, or grievousness; embarrassment, distress, affliction, trouble, inconvenience, fatigue, or weariness; (
S,
A,
IAth,
Mgh,
Msb,
K;) so
accord. to some who say that ↓ جُهْدٌ, with damm, has the first of the significations assigned to it above; (
Msb;) as also ↓ مَجْهُودٌ: (
Mgh:) a disease, or difficulty, that distresses or afflicts, a man; as also ↓ جُهْدٌ. (
JK.) Hence, جَهْدُ البَلَآءِ, (
Msb,) i. e. A state of difficulty, or trouble, to which death is preferred: or largeness of one's family, or household, combined with poverty. (
L,
K. *) [Hence also,] بَلَغَ جَهْدَ دَابَّتِهِ, [i. e. بَلَغَ مَشَقَّتَهَا,]
i. q. جَهَدَهَا: see 1. (
K.)
b3: Also Small provision, upon which a man possessing little property can live (
JK,
L) with difficulty. (
L.) And جَهْدٌ المُقِلِّ What a man who possesses little property can afford to give in payment of the poor-rate required by the law. (
L, from a
trad.) جُهْدٌ: see جَهْدٌ, in five places.
A2: Also Milk mixed [with water: see مَجْهُودٌ]. (
JK.) جَهَادٌ Hard land: (
JK,
S:) or land in which is no herbage: (
TA:) or hard land in which is no herbage: (
K:) or level, or even, land: or rugged land: also used as an
epithet; so that you say أَرْضٌ جَهَادٌ: (
TA:) or level, smooth land, in which is no hill: (
JK:) or the most plain and even of land, whether it have produced herbage or not, not having any mountain or hill near it: and such is what is termed a صَحْرَآء: (
ISh,
TA:) or an open tract of land: (
Fr,
TA:) or sterile, barren, or unfruitful, land, in which is nothing; as also جَمَادٌ:
pl. جُهُدٌ. (
AA,
L.)
A2: Also The fruit of the أَرَاك; (
IAar,
K;) and so جَهَاضٌ. (
IAar,
TA.) مَرْعًى جَهِيدٌ (
tropical:) Pasture much eaten by cattle. (
S,
A,
K.) And أَرْضٌ جَهِيدَةُ الكَلَأِ (
tropical:) Land of which the herbage is much eaten by cattle. (
A.) جُهَادَى: see جَهْدٌ.
جُهَيْدَى: see جَهْدٌ.
جَاهِدٌ [Striving, labouring, or toiling; &c.: see 1. Hence,] سَيْرُنَا جَاهِدٌ [Our journeying is laborious]. (
TA in art. اخو.) And جَهْدٌ جَاهِدٌ [Intense labour or exertion, or the like: or severe difficulty or distress &c.]: an intensive expression, (
K,
TA,) like شِعْرٌ شَاعِرٌ and لَيْلٌ لَائِلٌ. (
TA.)
b2: (assumed
tropical:) Eagerly desiring [food]; longing for [it]: (
JK,
S:)
pl. أَجْهَادٌ. (
JK.)
b3: غَرْثَانُ جَاهِدٌ (
tropical:) Hungry and greedy, leaving no food. (
A.) مُجْهَدٌ A man thrown into a state of difficulty, embarrassment, distress, affliction, inconvenience, trouble, or fatigue. (
L.) هُوَ مُجْهَدُ لَكَ He is one who takes the course prescribed by prudence, precaution, or sound judgment, for thee;
syn. مُحْتِيطٌ. (
L.) and نَصِيحٌ مُجْهِدٌ A sincere, or faithful, and careful, adviser, or counsellor. (
L.)
b2: رَجُلٌ مُجْهِدٌ A man in a state of difficulty, embarrassment, distress, affliction, inconvenience, trouble or fatigue: possessing little property; poor. (
L.)
b3: And A man whose beast is weak by reason of fatigue. (
L.) مَجْهُودٌ Severely affected, harassed, embarrassed, distressed, afflicted, troubled, inconvenienced, fatigued, or wearied: (
S,
Mgh,
L:) distressed, or afflicted, by disease or difficulty: (
JK:) afflicted with drought, barrenness, or dearth; or with drought, and dryness of the earth: (
L:) and angry. (
JK.)
b2: A hard, difficult, strait, or distressful, state of life. (
TA.)
b3: (
tropical:) Milk deprived of its butter (
S, A) entirely: (
S:) or mixed with water: (
Msb:) or diluted so as to consist for the most part of water; and in like manner, broth: (
A:) or churned so that its butter is extracted and it is rendered sweet and pleasant: and used as meaning eagerly desired, or longed for, and drunk without its occasioning disgust, by reason of its sweetness and pleasantness: (
Msb:) or eagerly desired, or longed for; and so food in general: (
JK,
L:) or eagerly desired, or longed for, and drunk with perseverance, on account of its pleasantness and sweetness. (
L.)
A2: See also جَهْدٌ, in six places.
