شرف:
شرف: كبر، نما، ولا يقال هذا عن الحيوانات بل على الأشجار أيضاً (فوك).
شَرُف ومصدره شُرُوفَة: كبر، شاخ، أسن. (ابن العوام 1: 21، 402، 507) وفيه شُرُّوف أيضاً (1: 508) وفيه شرف و (1: 510) وفيه شرف.
وتطلق على الأشجار كما تطلق على الأشخاص أيضاً. (انظر شارف).
شَرَّف (بالتشديد). شَرْفنا: زرنا ليحصل لنا الشرف بذلك. (بوشر).
شَرَّف السفرة: تفضل بالأكل من السفرة (بوشر).
شَرَّف: صفّي، رَوَّق (ألكالا).
شَرَّف. حزَّز، فرَّض، سَنّن. ولا يقال: شَرَّف الجدار فقط بل يقال أيضاً: شرّف الشجرة إذا قطع أطراف أغصانها على شكل الاسنان، كما يقال: شرّف المنشار، وشرّف الجلد. وغير ذلك (معجم الادريسي، ابن البيطار 1: 34، 63، 129، 169، 241، 2: 84 الخ).
شَرَّف: جعل للسور وقاء نقالاً كان المحاصرون يستخدمونه عند الهجوم في القرن السابع عشر (فريتاج طرائف ص131). شارَف: قارَب (معجم البلاذري). وفي حيان (ص74 و): شارَف الهلكة.
شارَف: اشرف، راقب العمل (المقدمة 2: 58) أشرف، أشرف على: راقب العمل (الماوردي ص214).
أشرف على تأليفه: راجعه وأعاد النظر فيه.
(تاريخ البربر 2: 510).
اشرف بفلان: رفعه وأعلاه، وصعد به (بدرون ص134). وفي حيان (ص58 و): أخرج الرهائن الذين كانوا عنده منهم فأشرف بهم إلى موضع يراه منه أهلوهم وأمر بضرب أعناقهم.
تشرَّف. تشرَّفْت لعندكم: كان لي شرف زيارتكم (بوشر).
تشرَّف: نظر إلى أسفل. ففي رياض النفوس (ص47 ق): فتشرَّفوا من أعلى القصر وقالوا من أنت. وفي (ص61 و) منه: فتشرف من أعلى القصر وقال مَنْ هذا.
تشرَّف إلى: انتظر صابراً ففي رياض النفوس (ص47 و): انك تبقى في المسجد فإذا كان المساء وأعد المرابطون عشاءهم وسمعتَ حساً على الداموس هل تتشرف نفسُك إلى من يأتيك بشيء تأكله.
متشرف: صفا، راق (الكالا) ( Clarificarse) انظره في مادة متشرف).
اشترف: ركب ويقال مجازاً: اشترف الحِمَامَ مثل قولهم رَكِبَ الموتَ (معجم مسلم).
استشرف إلى: نظر إليه نظرة الجشع، ففي رحلة ابن جبير (ص208): فالأعراب يلحظون الحاجَّ مستــشرفيــن إلى مكانهم. واستشرف: انتظر صابراً. ففي رياض النفوس (ص48 و): وقد أعطاه الله كل هذا من غير سؤال ولا استشراف.
استشرف إلى: تعاطي، تفرغ، ففي تاريخ البربر (1: 367) وقد اقتدى بأبيه في انتحال السحر والاستشراف إلى صناعة الكيمياء.
شَرَف: مديح، حمد (ألكالا).
شَرَف: عند المنجمين يطلق على ارتفاع الكوكب (المقدمة 2: 188، 3: 130). ويقول المنجمون أن الكوكب في شرف إذا احتل في دائرة الفلك موضعاً يستطيع فيه أن يؤثر كل تأثيره (دي سلان المقدمة 2: 218 رقم 7).
الشرف: شرف العطاء، وهو عطاء يزيد على العطاء العادي الذذي يستلمه الجنود (معجم البلاذرى).
شرف: ضفة. ففي الادريسي (قسم4 فصل5): حصن على شرف البحر.
شرف: معسكر جائم في سفح جبل (جرابرج ص36).
شَرف: شريف. ذو الشرف (بوشر).
شَرفة: حاشية، حافة، ففي رسالة الميكانيك (مخطوطة 117 ص 78): وهو شكل كأس جالس على قاعدة وعلى رأسه غطاء مسطَّح وعلى محيطه شرفة مُخَرَّمة.
وحين نلاحظ الصورة الموجودة في المخطوطة نجد أن شَرفة (وهكذا ضبطت الكلمة في المخطوطة) تعني حاشية وحافة.
وفيها (ص81): ثم تتخّذ على دائر الغطاء شرفة منحرفة (مخرَّمة) مصنعة. والسيد أماري (ص545) محق إذا حين يقول إن الصواب في كلام ابن العوام (2: 143): ولتكن شرفته قائمة بدل شركته.
شُرْفَة: درابزين، حاجز ممر حول المنارة (بوشر) وجمعها شُرَف (ابن جبير 254). والكلمة الأسبانية axarafe ( أي رواق، حمر) تجعل المرء يظن أن العامة يقولون شَرَفة.
شَرَفي وتجمع بالالف والتاء: زُرزور (ألكالا).
شَرَفَي: Oiseau moqueur ( ألكالا) نوع طير يطلق عليه اسم الطير الساخر.
شَرَفِيــن: سيرافين، ساروفيم (ملاك) (ألكالا).
شراف: صنف من السمك. ففي رياض النفوس (ص94 و): فدفع إليه ثمن درهم وقال له اشترى (اشتر) لنا بهذا حوتاً من هذا السراف (كذا) وفي (ص94 ق) منه: أعطيناك ثمن درهم تشتري لنا به سرافاً. وقد كررت هذه الجملة خطأ حيث كتب الناسخ شرافاً.
شَريف: احذف من معجم فريتاج Vestimentum ( معناها ثوب، كساء، رداء) وقد اتبعه هابيشت مخدوعاً بكتابة غير صحيحة للكلمة (فليشر معجم ص54).
شريف: زيت فاخر (تاريخ البربر 1: 369).
شريف: لقب من كان من نسل الحسن، أما من كان من نسل الحسين فيسمى سيداً (برتون 2: 3). وتطلق كلمة الشريف على من كان من نسل المرأة من نسل الحسين ورجل من العامة (برتون 2: 3).
الدار الشريفة: دار القضاء، واسم أطلقه الفونس العاشر على مرسية وفي (مذكرات تاريخ العرب 1: 282) ما معناه باللاتينية: الدار الشريفة هي دار القضاء.
شَريفَة: نبات اسمه العلمي: Arenaria Media ( براكس، مجلة الشرق والجزائر 8: 283).
شَرَافي؟ (اسم جمع) نبات نتخذ منه الحصر ويعمل منه سياج يقام على شاطئ البحر لصيد السمك أو للاحتفاظ به حياً. وقد كتبها اسبينا في مجلة الشرق والجزائر (13: 145): متاع شرافة وهو يقول أن هذا يعنى حصراً يصنع منها سياج على شاطئ صفاقس، ومعناها حصر متاع.
شَرِيفي: صنف جيد من العنب الابيض الطويل. (برتون 1: 387) شريفي وأشْرَفيّ: نقد ذهبي يساوي ديناراً وقيمته فلورين اثنين. والشريفي قليل الوجود الآن في مصر وقيمته اقل من ثلثي الجنيه الإنكليزي. (انظر معجم الأسبانية ص353 - 354. وفي أيام على بي (1: 240) كانت قيمته اكثر من ذلك في طرابلس البربرية.
شُرُّوف: انظره في مادة شرف.
شارِف: مُسِنّ، هرم ز (انظره في مادة شَرُف).
شارِفَ: شريف (دومب ص106، دوماس حياة العرب ص183) وفي حيان (ص9 و): كان يتفقد أهل البيوتات والشُّرَّف بعطائه. ويذكر الادريسي (قسم 3 فصل 5) في كلامه عن عيون المياه المعدنية الحارة في طبرية عين الشرف أي عين المسنين الهرمين، وليس عين الأشراف كما ذكر جانبوت (1: 347).
شارف: شديد، صلب (همبرت ص13) جزائرية.
أشْرَفُ: احذفها من معجم فريتاج مقابل المعنى اللاتيني Nummus Aureus فالكلمة اشرفي (انظرها في مادة شريفي، وعليك أن تقرأ في العبارة التي نقلها بأشرفيــين (فليشر معجم ص27، وفي طبعته لألف ليلة الجزء التاسع في المقدمة ص19، ص20).
أشْرَفيّ: انظر شريفى.
إشرافَ: خطة الأشراف: منصب المشْرِف (انظر مشرف، المقري 2: 63)، ويقال: إشراف فقط (مملوك 1، 1: 10) وديوان الإشراف (ابن بطوطة 4: 298). ومتولي إشرافنا في بجاية (أماري ديب ص11) أي مفتش الكمرك في بجاية. ودار الإشراف في اشبيلية (المقري 2: 257) وهو الديوان الذي فيه مكاتب الموظفين.
أشْرافِيّ وجمعه أشارِفة: دينار ذهب (بوشر) وانظر: شريفي.
تشريف وجمعها تشريفات: ذكرت في عباد (2: 164) بمعنى رسالة.
والي التشريفات وتشريفاتجي: رئيس المراسم (بوشر).
تشريفِة وجمعها تشاريف: نوع من الزينة الكريهة توضع على الملابس (الكالا).
مُشْرَف وجمعها مَشارف: على البناية وقمتها (بوشر).
مُشْرف وجمعها مَشارف: مفتش، ناظر، يقال مثلا مشرف المطابخ ومشرف القصر ومشرف الممالك في مصر أي ناظر المملكة رتبته تلي رتبة الوزير مباشرة. (مملوك 1، 1: 10).
ويقال: مشرف المخزن أي ناظر الخزينة وناظر بيت المال .. (نفس المصدر)، (الماوردي ص365) وفي كرفاس (ص260): ودخل مراكش فقتل مشرفها أبا البركات وحمل ما كان في بيت مالها (= تاريخ البربر 2: 310) وهي مرادف صاحب الأعمال (المقري 2: 763).
وتدل على معنى متسلم ضريبة الدخول والخروج على البضائع - أي مفتش الكمرك. ويقول مارمول (2: 245): أن المشرف هو الذي يتولى استلام الضريبة على البضاعة الداخلة والخارجة. وانظر اماري (ديب ص23: 28) ففيه: مشرف هو ناظر بديوان إفريقية.
وهو المشرف الكبير في معجم الكالا. وقد كان في كل مدينة كبيرة وبخاصة في الموانئ البحرية مشرف يتسلم ضرائب الدخول والخروج. ويذكر في تاريخ البربر (1: 307) مشرف فاس، وفي المقري (1: 694): مشرف مالقة. والجمع مشارف الذي يذكره فوك والكالا موجود في كتاب ابن صاحب الصلاة (ص32 ق) ففيه: واستدعى الكتاب والمشارف من اشبيلة.
مُشَرَّف: مصنوع من عدة قطع وعدة ألوان (الكالا) وانظر تور.
مَشْرَفَة: منصب المُشْرِف (انظر مُشْرِف) (فوك، الكالا).
مُشرِّفة: رسالة. ويقال وصلتي مشرفتكم أي وصلتني رسالتكم التي شرفتموني بكتابتها (بوشر).
مَــشْرَفي: سيف (عباد 1: 67، دي ساسي طرائف 1: 79).
حرف مشرفى: درابة (نبات). (بوشر).
مَشْروف: عامي، من عامة الناس (فريتاج)، ويقال: الشريف والمشروف، أي من أشراف الناس وعامتهم (دي ساسي طرائف 2: 14، ابن بطوطة 1: 67، معجم البيان ص14).
مُشْترَف وجمعها مشترفات: منظرة، مكان مطل (معجم مسلم، الفخري ص49).
مُتَشَرِف: من يدير رأسه ليرى إذا كانوا يقدمون صحنا آخر، شَرِه، نهم (دوماس حياة العرب ص314) مُسْتَشْرَف: منظرة، مكان مطل ويجمع على مستشرفات (معجم مسلم، المقري 1: 570) وينقل ج. ج شولتنز من كتاب الفرج بعد الشدة (مخطوطة رقم61 ص95): وجلسنا نشرب في مستشرف له.
مستشرف: منظر وبخاصة منظر جميل والمكان الذي ينسرح منه النظر إلى مسافات بعيدة (معجم مسلم).

شرف

1 شَرُفَ, (S, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (K,) inf. n. شَرَفٌ (S, * O, * Msb, * K, TA) and شَرَافَةٌ, (TA,) said of a man, (S, O, TA,) He was, or became, high, elevated, exalted, or eminent, (S, O, Msb, K, TA,) [in rank, condition, or estimation,] in respect of religion or of worldly things: (K, TA:) [generally meaning he was high-born, or noble:] part. n. شَرِيفٌ [q. v.]. (S, O, Msb, K, TA.) [See also شَرَفٌ, below.] b2: [Hence one says,] شَرُفَتْ نَفْسُهُ عَنِ الشَّىْءِ His soul was above the thing; disdained, or scorned, it. (L in art. انف.) b3: شَرَفَتِ النَّاقَةُ, and شَرُفَت, (O, K,) aor. of each ـُ inf. n. شُرُوفٌ, (K,) reg. as of the former verb, and irreg. as of the latter, (TA,) The she-camel was, or became, such as is termed شَارِفٌ [q. v.]. (O, K.) A2: شَرَفَهُ, aor. ـُ (IJ, S, O, K, TA,) inf. n. شَرْفٌ, (TA,) He overcame him, or surpassed him, in شَرَف [i. e. highness, elevation, or eminence, of rank, condition, or estimation; or nobility]; (IJ, S, O, K, TA;) and so شَرُفَ عَلَيْهِ: (Z, TA:) or he excelled him (طَالَهُ, K, TA, in the CK [erroneously] طاوَلَهُ,) in the grounds of pretension to respect or honour (فِى الحَسَبِ). (K, TA.) See 3. b2: شَرَفَ الحَائِطَ, (K, TA,) aor. ـُ inf. n. شَرْفٌ, (TA,) He put to the wall a شُرْفَة [q. v.]. (K, TA.) [See also 2.]

A3: شَرِفَتِ الأُذُنُ, and شَرِفَ المَنْكِبُ, aor. ـَ (K, TA,) inf. n. شَرَفٌ, (TA,) The ear, and in like manner the shoulder, was, or became, high, (K, TA,) and prominent: or, as some say, stood up. (TA.) A4: And شَرِفَ, [from شَرَفٌ signifying the “ hump ” of a camel,] (O, K,) said of a man, (O,) He kept constantly, or continually, to the eating of the [camel's] hump. (O, K.) 2 شرّفهُ, inf. n. تَشْرِيفٌ, He (God) rendered him high, elevated, exalted, or eminent, [in rank, condition, or estimation; or ennobled him:] (S, KL, * PS: *) and he held him, or esteemed him, to be so. (MA, PS.) ISd thinks that the verb may also mean He regarded with more, or exceeding, honour. (TA.) [And Golius explains it as meaning He decked with a royal garment; on the authority of the KL; in my copy of which I find no other meaning assigned to it than the first mentioned above.] One says, شَرَّفَ اللّٰهُ الكَعْبَةَ, (O, K, TA,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) [God rendered, or may God render, the Kaabeh an object of honour, or glorious,] from الشَّرَفُ, (O, K, TA,) i. e. المَجْدُ. (TA.) [تَشْرِيفٌ is also used as a subst. properly so called; and as such is expl. by itself in this art.] b2: Also He put to it شُرَف [pl. of شُرْفَةٌ, q. v.]; (O, K;) namely, his house, (K,) or a [palace, or pavilion, or other building such as is called] قَصْر, &c.; inf. n. as above. (O.) [See also شَرَفَ الحَائِطَ.] b3: شرّف المَرْبَأَ, expl. in the K as syn. with اشرفهُ and شارفهُ, is a mistake for تشرّفهُ [q. v.]. (TA.) b4: شرّف النَّاقَةَ, inf. n. as above, means He almost severed the teats of the she-camel by binding them [tightly] with the صِرَار [q. v.]: (IAar, O, TA:) this being done for the preservation of her [stoutness of] body, and her fatness, so that burdens may be put upon her in the coming year. (TA.) b5: [شرّف, app. for شرّف العُنُقَ, is also said by Reiske, as mentioned by Freytag in his Lexicon, to signify He (a camel going along) raised the neck: but his authority for this is not stated.]3 شارفهُ, (S, O, K,) inf. n. مُشَارَفَةٌ, (TA,) He vied with him, or contended with him for superiority, in شَرَف [i. e. highness, elevation, or eminence, of rank, condition, or estimation; or nobility]; (S, O, K, TA;) ↓ فَشَرَفَهُ and he overcame, or surpassed, him therein. (TA.) b2: See also 5. b3: Also He was, or became, near to it; he drew near to it, or approached it; namely, a thing: and he was, or became, near to attaining it, [and in like manner شارف عَلَيْهِ, as used in the S and K in the beginning of art. بلغ, he was, or became, at the point of reaching it, or attaining it, namely, a place,] or of obtaining it, or getting possession of it: [and he was, or became, at the point of experiencing it, (See Bd in lxxviii. 14,) and doing it; followed by أَنْ and an aor. :] and, as some say, he looked for it, or expected it; his mind told him of it; he looked for its coming to pass. (TA.) See also 4, in two places.4 اشرف It rose; or it was, or became, high or elevated; [so as to overtop, or overlook, what was around it or adjacent to it: overtopped, surmounted, overpeered, overlooked, overhung; was, or became, protuberant, prominent, or projecting: and rose into view, came within sight or view, or became within a commanding, or near, view:] said of a place [&c.]. (Msb.) One says of a piece of ground, أَشْرَفَ عَلَى مَا حَوْلَهُ [It rose above, or overtopped, what was around it]. (Sh, TA.) And أَشْرَفَ لِى شَرَفٌ فَمَا زِلْتُ أَرْكُضُ حَتَّى

عَلَوْتُهُ [An eminence rose into view to me, and I ceased not to urge on my beast until I ascended, or mounted, upon it]. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] أَشْرَفْتُ عَلَيْهِ I looked upon it, or viewed it, (S, O, Msb, K, *) from above; (S, O, K;) [I overlooked it, or looked down upon it: and I came in sight of it: got a view of it: and got knowledge of it; became acquainted with it; or knew it: all of which meanings may be intended to be conveyed by the explanation in the Msb, which is اِطَّلَعْتُ عَلَيْهِ:] and الشَّىْءَ ↓ شَارَفْتُ signifies the same as أَشْرَفْتُ عَلَيْهِ [app. in the first of the senses expl. in this sentence, as well as in another sense expl. in what follows]: (S, O:) and ↓ شَارَفُوهُمْ signifies the same as أَشْرَفُوا عَلَيْهِمْ. (TA.) b3: And اشرف عَلَى المَوْتِ He (a sick man) was, or became, on the brink, or verge, or at the point, of death. (O, K.) and اشرف بِهِ عَلَى المَوْتِ [He made him to be on the brink, or verge, or at the point, of death]. (T and K in art. ذرف.) b4: And أَشْرَفَتْ نَفْسُهُ عَلَى شَىْءٍ

His soul was vehemently eager for a thing. (Mgh. [See also 10.]) إِشْرَافٌ signifies The being eager, and the being vehemently eager: and hence the saying, in a trad., مَنْ أَخَذَ الدُّنْيَا بِإِشْرَافِ نَفْسٍ

لَمْ يُبَارَكْ لَهُ فِيهَا [Whoso takes the enjoyments of the present world with eagerness, or vehement eagerness, of soul, he will not be blessed therein]. (TA.) b5: And اشرف عَلَيْهِ He regarded him with solicitous affection or pity or compassion. (O, * K.) b6: [And اشرف لِى He, or it, came within sight, or view, to me; or came within a commanding, or near, view of me: see an ex. voce أَجْهَدَ; and another voce رَبَأَ.] b7: And [hence,] اشرف لَكَ الشَّىْءُ The thing became, or has become, within thy power or reach; or possible, practicable, or easy, to thee. (TA.) A2: See also 5, in two places.5 تشرّف, said of a man, is from الشَّرَفُ, (O,) and signifies صَارَ مُشَرَّفًا [He became elevated, or exalted, in rank, condition, or estimation; or ennobled]. (K.) b2: تشرّف بِهِ He became elevated, or exalted, in rank, condition, or estimation; or ennobled; by, or by means of, him, or it: (MA:) [or he gloried, or prided himself, by reason of it, or in it; i. e.] he reckoned it, (S,) or regarded it, (O,) as a glory or an honour [to himself], (S, O,) and a favour. (O.) A2: تشرّف المَرْبَأَ, (S, O, TA,) in the K, erroneously, شَرَّفَهُ; (TA;) and ↓ اشرفهُ; (S, O, K;) and ↓ شارفهُ, (K,) inf. n. مُشَارَفَةٌ; (TA;) He (a man, S, O) ascended, or mounted, upon the elevated place of observation. (S, O, K.) And الشَّىْءَ ↓ اشرف and عَلَى الشَّىْءِ signify the same as [تشرّفهُ and] تشرّف عَلَيْهِ, i. e. He ascended, or mounted, upon the thing. (TA.) b2: It is said in a trad., with reference to certain future trials, or conflicts and factions, (فِتَن,) مَنْ

↓ تَشَرَّفَ لَهَا تَسْتَشْرِفْهُ i. e. Whoso finds a place of refuge [for escaping, or avoiding them, let them invite him, or cause him, to seek, or take, refuge, virtually meaning] let him seek, or take, refuge therein. (O, TA. *) A3: تُشُرِّفَ القَوْمُ The people, or party, had their أَشْرَاف [or eminent, or noble, men, pl. of شَرِيف,] slain. (O, K.) 8 اشترف He, or it, stood up, or upright, or erect; (S, O, TA;) and (TA) so ↓ استشرف [if this be not a mistranscription, which I incline to think it may be as the former verb (of which see the part. n. below) is not mentioned in the K]. (K, TA.) 10 استشرف الشَّىْءَ, (S, O, Msb, K,) and لِلشَّىْءِ, (Msb in art. طمح,) He raised his eyes (S, O, Msb, K) towards the thing, (O, K,) or to look at the thing, (Msb,) or looking at the thing, (S,) and expanded his hand over his eyebrow like as does he who shades [his eyes] from the sun. (S, O, K.) A poet says, تَطَالَلْتُ وَاسْتَشْرَفْتُهُ فَرَأَيْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ آأَنْتَ زَيْدُ الأَرَامِلِ [I stretched up myself, and raised my eyes towards him, expanding my hand over my eyebrow like him who is shading his eyes from the sun; and I said to him, Art thou Zeyd-el-Arámil?]. (O.) b2: Hence, (TA,) أُمِرْنَا أَنْ نَسْتَشْرِفَ العَيْنَ وَالأُذُنَ, (Mgh, * O, K, TA,) in a trad. (O, TA) relating to the sheep or goat to be slaughtered as a victim on the day of sacrifice, (TA,) means We have been commanded to pay much attention to the eye and the ear, and to examine them carefully, in order that there may not be any such defect as blindness of one eye or mutilation (Mgh, * O, K, TA) of an ear: (TA:) or, (Mgh, O,) as some say, (O,) [in the K “ that is,”] to seek that they be of high estimation, by being perfect (Mgh, * O, K) and sound: (Mgh, O:) or, accord. to some, it is from الشُّرْفَةُ signifying “ the choice ones,” or “ best,” of cattle; and the meaning is, we have been commanded to select them. (TA.) b3: And يَسْتَشْرِفُ مَعَالِىَ الأُمُورِ (tropical:) He desires, or seeks, [or raises his eye to,] the means of attaining eminence. (Msb in art. شوف.) b4: استشرف إِبِلَهُمْ means He (a man) smote their camels with the [evil] eye; syn. تَعَيَّنَهَا: (S, TA:) or he looked at them (تعيّنها) to smite them with the [evil] eye. (TA.) b5: استشرفهُ حَقَّهُ He defrauded him of his right, or due. (O, K.) A2: See also 5: A3: and 8.

Q. Q. 1 شَرْيَفْتُ الزَّرْعَ I cut off the شِرْيَاف [q. v.] of the seed-produce; (S, O;) and so شَرْنَفْتُهُ: (O and K * in art. شرنف:) of the dial. of El-Yemen: but Az doubts whether the word be with ن; and the ى and ن are both held by him to be augmentative. (O.) شَرْفٌ: see the next paragraph, near the end.

شَرَفٌ Highness, elevation, exaltation, or eminence, [in rank, condition, or estimation, in respect of religion or of worldly things: (see the first sentence of this art.:)] (S, O, Msb, K:) [generally meaning high birth:] glory, honour, dignity, or nobility; syn. مَجْدٌ: or not unless [transmitted] by ancestors: (K:) [for] accord. to ISk, شَرَفٌ and مَجْدٌ may not be unless [transmitted] by ancestors; but حَسَبٌ and كَرَمٌ may be in a man though he have not ancestors [endowed therewith]: (O:) or, (K,) accord. to IDrd, (O,) it signifies highness of حَسَب [which means grounds of pretension to respect or honour, consisting in any qualities (either of oneself or of one's ancestors) which are enumerated, or recounted, as causes of glorying]: (O, K:) and ↓ شُرْفَةٌ signifies the same as شَرَفٌ; (TA;) or the same as فَضْلٌ and شَرَفٌ [meaning a favour and a glory or an honour]; as in the saying, أَعُدُّ إِتْيَانَكُمٌ شُرْفَةً [I reckon your coming a favour, and a glory or an honour]; (O, K;) and أَرَى ذٰلِكَ شُرْفَةً [I regard that as a favour, and a glory or an honour]: (O:) the pl. of شَرَفٌ is أَشْرَافٌ, like as that of سَبَبٌ is أَسْبَابٌ. (TA.) نُهْبَةٌ ذَاتُ شَرَفٍ means Spoil, or booty, of high value, at which men raise their eyes, and look, or which they smite with the [evil] eye: [see اِسْتَشْرَفَ إِبِلَهُمْ:] but the phrase is also related with س. (TA. See سَرَفٌ.) b2: See also شَرِيفٌ, with which, or with the pls. of which, it is said to be syn. b3: Also An elevated place; an eminence: (S, Mgh, O, K:) accord. to Sh, any piece of ground that overtops what is around it, whether extended or not, only about ten cubits, or five, in length, of little or much breadth in its upper surface: (TA:) pl. أَشْرَافٌ: (TA voce وَطْءٌ:) and مَشَارِفُ الأَرْضِ signifies the high, or elevated, places, or parts, of the earth or ground: (S, Msb, K:) sing. ↓ مَشْرَفٌ, with fet-h to the م and ر. (Msb. [See also مُشْرَفٌ.]) A poet says, آتِى النَّدِىَّ فَلَا يُقَرَّبُ مَجْلِسِى

وَأَقُودُ لِلشَّرَفِ الرَّفِيعِ حِمَارِى

[I come to the assembly, and my sitting-place is not made near to the chief person or persons, and I lead to the high elevated place my ass]: he means, I have become unsound in my intellect in consequence of old age, so that no profit is gotten from my opinion, and I am not able to mount my ass from the ground, unless from a high place. (S.) b4: [Hence, (tropical:) The brink, verge, or point, of some event of great magnitude, or of any importance: not well expl. as meaning] the being on the brink, or verge, or at the point, of some event of great importance, good or evil: (O, K:) one says in the case of good, هُوَ عَلَى شَرَفٍ مِنْ قَضَآءِ حَاجَتِهِ (tropical:) [He is at the point of accomplishing the object of his want]: and in the case of evil, هُوَ عَلَى شَرَفٍ مِنَ الهَلَاكِ (tropical:) [He is on the brink, &c., of destruction]. (O, TA.) b5: And (tropical:) The hump of a camel. (O, K, TA.) b6: And app. sing. of أَشْرَافٌ in a sense expl. below: see the latter word. (TA.) A2: And A heat; a single run, or a run at once, to a goal, or limit: (O, K:) or, (K,) accord. to Fr, about a mile: (O, K:) or about two miles. (TA as from the K and on the authority of Fr.) One says, عَدَا شَرَفًا أَوْ شَرَفَيْــنِ [He ran a heat, or two heats]: (O:) and [in like manner,] اِسْتَنَّتٌ شَرَفًا أَوْ شَرَفَيْــنِ, (O, K,) occurring in a trad., said of a mare, or of horses. (O.) A3: Also, (O, TA,) accord. to IAar, (O,) A red clay or earth: and i. q. مَغْرَةٌ [i. e. red ochre]; as also ↓ شَرْفٌ: accord. to Lth, a kind of trees, having a red dye: and said to be the same as [the Pers\.] دار پرنيان [i. e.

دَارْ پَرْنِيَان, meaning Brazil-wood, which is commonly called in Arabic بَقَّم]. (O, TA: * in the former of which, the Pers\. word here mentioned is written without the points to the پ; and in the latter, الدابرنيان.) شُرْفَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, first quarter. b2: Also The choice ones, or best, of مَال [meaning cattle]. (S, O, K.) b3: The شُرْفَة of a [palace, or pavilion, or other building such as is called] قَصْر (S, O, Msb, K) [and of a mosque] is well-known; (K;) [An acroterial ornament, forming a single member of a cresting of a wall or of the crown of a cornice, generally of a fanciful form, and pointed, or small, at the top:] pl. شُرَفٌ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K, TA,) a pl. of mult., and شُرُفَاتٌ and شُرَفَاتٌ and شُرْفَاتٌ, which are pls. of pauc., or, as some say, شرفات [i. e.

شُرُفَاتٌ] is pl. of ↓ شُرُفَةٌ, with two dammehs: EshShiháb says that شُرْفَات is expl. as meaning the highest portions of a قَصْر; but what are thus termed are only what are built on the top of a wall, distinct from one another, [side by side, like merlons of a parapet,] according to a well-known form: (TA:) the شُرْفَة is what is called by the [common] people ↓ شُرَّافَة: (Ham p. 824:) the شُرَّافَة of a mosque is a word used by the lawyers, and is one of their mistakes, as IB has notified: so says MF: its pl. is شَرَارِيفُ. (TA.) b4: The شُرُفَات (thus with two dammehs, K) of a horse are The neck and قَطَاة [i. e. croup, or rump, or part between the hips or haunches,] thereof. (O, K.) شُرُفَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

شَرِيفٌ High, elevated, exalted, or eminent, (S, O, * Msb, K, TA,) [in rank, condition, or estimation,] in respect of religion or of worldly things: (TA:) [generally meaning high-born, or noble:] possessing glory, honour, dignity, or nobility: or such, and having also [such] ancestry: (TA:) [using it as not implying highness, or nobility, of ancestry,] you say, هُوَ شَرِيفٌ اليَوْمَ [He is high, or noble, to-day], and عَنْ قَلِيلٍ ↓ شَارِفٌ as meaning one who will be شَرِيف [after a little while]: (Fr, S, K:) the pl. [of pauc.] is أَشْرَافٌ and [of mult.]

شُرَفَآءُ (S, O, Msb, K) and ↓ شَرَفٌ, so in the K, app. denoting that this last is one of the pls. of شريف, and it is said in the O that شَرَفٌ is syn. with شُرَفَآءُ; but in the L it is said that it is syn. with شَرِيفٌ; and hence the saying هُوَ شَرَفُ قَوْمِهِ meaning He is the شَرِيف of his people, and كَرَمُهُمْ meaning the كَرِيم of them; and thus it has been expl. as used in a trad.: (TA:) [but both these assertions are probably correct; for it seems to be, agreeably with analogy, an inf. n. used as an epithet, and therefore applicable to a single person and to a pl. number, and also to two persons, and likewise to a female as well as to a male.] b2: [By the modern Arabs, and the Turks and Persians, it is also applied, as a title of honour, to Any descendant of the Prophet; like سَيِّد. And, with the article ال, particularly to the descendant of the Prophet who is The governor of Mekkeh; now always a vassal of the Turkish Sultán.]

شُرَافِىٌّ, applied to a [lizard of the kind called]

ضَبّ, and to a jerboa, Large in the ears, and in the body: (TA:) and so شُرَافِيَّةٌ applied to a she-camel; (O, K, TA;) as also ↓ شَرْفَآءُ. (TA.) and أُذُنٌ شُرَافِيَّةٌ i. q. شُفَارِيَّةٌ [q. v.], (K, TA,) or An ear that is high, long, and having hair upon it. (IDrd, O, TA.) See also أُذُنٌ شَرْفَآءُ, voce أَشْرَفُ. b2: Also A kind of white garments or cloths: (O, K: *) or a garment, or piece of cloth, that is purchased from a country of the foreigners adjacent to the land of the Arabs. (As, O, K. *) شُرَّافَةٌ; pl. شَرَارِيفُ: see شُرْفَةٌ.

شِرْيَافٌ (S, O, K) and شِرْنَافٌ (O and K in art. شرنف) [but see Q. Q. 1] The leaves of seedproduce that have become so long and abundant that one fears its becoming marred; wherefore they are cut off. (S, O, K.) شَارِفٌ: see شَرِيفٌ. b2: Applied to a she-camel, (assumed tropical:) High [app. meaning much advanced] in age: (A, TA:) or advanced in age; (S, O, K;) decrepit; (IAar, K;) as also شَارِفَةٌ: (K:) [see دَلُوقٌ, in three places:] pl. شُرْفٌ, like بُزْلٌ and عُوذٌ pls. of بَازِلٌ and عَائِذٌ, (S, O,) or شُرُفٌ, like كُتُبٌ, (K,) or the latter is allowable in poetry, (O,) or the former is a contraction of the latter, (IAth, TA,) and شَوَارِفُ [also pl. of شَارِفَةٌ] (O, K) and شُرَّفٌ and شُرُوفٌ: (K:) it is said that شَارِفٌ is not applied to the he-camel; but it is so applied, as well as to the she-camel, accord. to the Towsheeh of El-Jelál. (TA.) Hence, as being likened to black decrepit she-camels, (Aboo-Bekr, TA,) الشُّرُفُ الجُونُ, with two dammehs, [which I think a mistake, unless it mean with a dammeh to each word,] (K,) or الشَّرْفُ الجُونُ, (O, IAth, TA,) occurring in a trad., meaning (assumed tropical:) [Trials, or conflicts and factions,] like portions of the dark night: (O, * K, * TA:) thus expl. by the Prophet: (O, TA:) but some relate it otherwise, with ق, (K,) saying الشُّرْقُ الجون, pl. of شَارِقٌ, (O, * TA,) meaning “ [trials, &c.,] rising (O, K, TA) from the direction of the east. ” (O, TA.) b3: Also applied to an arrow, as meaning Old: (S, O, K:) and applied to a garment or a piece of cloth [app. in the same sense]: (A and TA voce طَرِيدٌ:) or an arrow long since laid by [expl. by بَعِيدُ العَهْدِ بِالصِّيَابَةِ; but I think that the right reading is بعيد العهد لِالصِّيَانَةِ, and have assumed this to be the case in my rendering]: or of which the feathers and the sinews [wherewith they are bound] have become uncompact: or slender and long. (TA.) b4: دَنٌّ شَارِفٌ [A wine-jar] of which the wine is old. (TA.) b5: And شَارِفٌ [alone] A receptacle for wine, such as a خَابِيَة and the like thereof. (O, K.) الشَّارُوفُ A kind of cord or rope; syn. حَبْلٌ: [so in the O, and in one of my copies of the S: in my other copy of the S, and in the K, جَبَلٌ, i. e. the name of a certain mountain:] a postclassical word. (S, O.) b2: And شَارُوفٌ also signifies A broom: (S, O, K:) a Pers\. word, (S,) arabicized, from جَارُوبٌ, (O, K,) originally جَاىْ رُوبْ, which means “ a place-sweeper. ” (O.) أَشْرَفُ [More, and most, high, elevated, exalted, or eminent, in rank, condition, or estimation; &c.; generally meaning more, and most, high-born or noble; (see شَرِيفٌ;)] surpassing in شَرَف. (S, O.) b2: مَنْكِبٌ أَشْرَفُ A high shoulder; (S, O, K;) such as has a goodly rising; which implies what is termed إِهْدَآء [inf. n. of أَهْدَأَهُ, and here app. meaning the “ being curved in the back ”]. (TA.) And أُذُنٌ شَرْفَآءُ A long ear; (S, O, K;) standing up; rising above what is next to it: and so اذن ↓ شُرَافِيَّةٌ. (TA.) b3: See also شُرَافِىٌّ [أَشْرَفُ also signifies Having a prominent, or an apparent, ear: opposed to أَسَكُّ, q. v. b4: Hence,] الأَشْرَفُ is an appellation of The bat; (O, K, TA;) because its ears are prominent and apparent: it is bare of downy and other feathers, and is viviparous, not oviparous: so in the saying of Bishr Ibn-ElMoatemir, وَطَائِرٌ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَكْرُ وَطَائِرٌ أَشْرَفُ ذُو جُرْدَةٍ

[And a flying thing that has prominent and apparent ears and a denuded body, and a flying thing that has no nest]: (O, TA:) in the K is added, and another bird, that has no nest, &c.: but this is taken from an explanation of the latter hemistich of the verse cited above; which explanation is as follows: (TA:) the bird that has no nest is one of which the Bahránees [so in the TA, but accord. to the O “ the sailors,”] tell that it does not alight save while it makes, of the dust, or earth, a place in which it lays its eggs, and which it covers over; then it flies into the air, and its eggs break open of themselves at the expiration of the term thereof; and when its young ones are able to fly, they do after the habit of their parents. (O, L, TA: and the same is said, less fully, in the K.) b5: مَدِينَةٌ شَرْفَآءُ A city having شُرَف, (Mgh, O, K, *) pl. of شُرْفَةٌ [q. v.]: (O:) the pl. of أَشْرَفُ and of شَرْفَآءُ, accord. to rule, is شُرْفٌ. (Mgh. [In the copies of the K, الشُّرُفُ is erroneously said to be pl. of الشَّرْفَآءُ.]) It is said in a trad. of Ibn-' Abbás, أُمِرْنَا أَنْ نَبْنِىَ المَدَائِنَ شُرْفًا وَالمَسَاجِدَ جُمًّا i. e. We have been commanded to build cities with شُرَف and mosques without شُرَف. (Mgh, O. *) أَشْرَافٌ The ears and nose of a man: (O, K, TA:) its sing. in this sense is not mentioned: it is app. ↓ شَرَفٌ; like سَبَبٌ, sing. of أَسْبَابٌ. (TA.) تَشْرِيفٌ inf. n. of 2 [q. v.]. (S &c.) b2: [and also a post-classical term applied to An honorary present, such as a garment &c.: and a letter, i. e. an epistle, considered as conferring honour: pl. تَشْرِيفَاتٌ.]

مَشْرَفٌ: see شَرَفٌ, in the middle of the paragraph: and see also what here next follows.

مُشْرَفٌ, (O, K,) like مُكْرَمٌ, (K,) or ↓ مَشْرَفٌ [q. v. voce شَرَفٌ], (so in my two copies of the S,) A place from which one overlooks, i. e. looks upon, or views, [a thing] from above. (S, O, K.) b2: Hence the saying in a trad., مَا جَآءَكَ مِنْ هٰذَا المَالِ وَأَنْتَ غَيْرُ مُشْرَفٍ وَلَا سَائِلٍ فَخْذْهُ (O, TA) i. e. [What comes to thee of this property] thou not coveting nor looking for it [nor asking it, take it]. (O.) مُشْرِفٌ [part. n. of 4;] High; (S, Mgh, Msb;) [or overtopping; &c.;] applied to a mountain, (S,) or a place. (Mgh, Msb.) سُيُوفٌ مَــشْرَفِيَّــةٌ Certain swords, (S, O, K,) so called in relation to مَشَارِفُ, (S,) or in relation to مَشَارِفُ الشَّامِ, (O, Msb, K,) i. e. certain towns, or villages, of the land of the Arabs, near to the رِيف [q. v.]: (S, O, Msb, K:) so says AO: (S, O:) or, as some say, this is a mistake, and they are so called in relation to a place of El-Yemen: (Msb:) [or, accord. to some, in relation to المَشَارِفُ, certain towns, or villages, near Howrán: (see De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., sec. ed., iii. 53:)] and it is said that مَشْرَف was the name of a blacksmith who made swords: (TA:) one says سَيْفٌ مَشْرَفِىٌّ, (S, O, Msb,) not مَشَارِفِىٌّ, because a rel. n. is not formed from a pl. of the measure of مَشَارِفُ. (S, O.) مُشَرَّفٌ [Elevated, or exalted, in rank, condition, or estimation; or ennobled]; (K, TA;) an epithet applied to a man; from الشَّرَفُ. (TA.) A2: Also A garment, or piece of cloth, dyed with the red clay or earth [&c.] called شَرَف. (IAar, TA.) مَشْرُوفٌ (S, TA) and مَشْرُوفٌ عَلَيْهِ (Z, TA) Overcome, or surpassed, in شَرَف [i. e. highness, elevation, or eminence, of rank, condition, or estimation; or nobility]. (S, Z, TA.) مُشْتَرِفٌ A horse high in make. (S, O, K.)

فخر

1 فَخَرَ, (S, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (O, Msb, K,) inf. n. فَخْرٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and فَخَرٌ (S, O, K) and فَخَارٌ, (K,) or this is a simple subst., (Msb,) or it is a mistake for فِخَارٌ, accord. to some, and this may be an inf. n. either of فَخَرَ, for there are many instances of the same kind, or of فَاخَرَ, (MF,) or فَخَارٌ, with fet-h, is post-classical, and therefore not allowable, (Th, O,) and فَخَارَةٌ and فِخِّيرَى and فِخِّيرَآءُ; (K;) and ↓ افتخر; (S, O, Msb, K;) and ↓ تفاخر; (L in art. فتح;) [He gloried, or boasted; i. e.] he gloried in, boasted of, boasted himself in, or praised or commended himself for, certain properties, or particular qualities: (K:) he enumerated, or recounted, the particulars of his ancestral nobility or eminence, or his own glorious or honourable deeds or qualities: (S, TA:) or he arrogated to himself greatness and nobility: (TA:) or he contended for superiority by reason of honours arising from memorable deeds or qualities, and from parentage or relationship, and other things relating to himself or to his ancestors: (Msb:) or he contended for superiority by reason of things extrinsic to himself, such as wealth, and rank or station. (TA.) You say فَخَرْتُ بِهِ [I gloried in it, or by reason of it; &c.]. (Msb.) And ↓ تفاخر بِمَا عِنْدَهُ He gloried in, boasted of, or boasted himself in, what he possessed. (L in art. فتح.) and فَخَرَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ One party of them boasted against another [بِكَذَا in such a thing or quality &c.]. (K.) b2: Also فَخَرَ, inf. n. فَخْرٌ, He magnified himself by boasting. (TA.) b3: فَاخَرَهُ فَفَخَرَهُ, (S, O, K,) aor. ـُ (O, K, [in two copies of the S written فَخَرَ, contrary to analogy in a verb signifying surpassing in a contest, accord. to most of the grammarians,]) inf. n. فَخْرٌ: (S:) see 3. b4: فَخَرَ فُلَانٌ اليَوْمَ عَلَى فُلَانٍ فِى الشَّرَفِ وَالجَلَدِ وَالْمَنْطِقِ Such a one excelled to-day such a one in nobleness and hardiness and speech. (ISk, TA.) b5: فَخِرَ, aor. ـَ (O, K,) inf. n. فَخَرٌ, (TA,) He disdained, or scorned. (IAar, O, K, TA.) b6: فَخَرَهُ عَلَيْهِ: see 4.2 فَخَّرَ see 4.3 فَاْخَرَ ↓ فَاخَرَهُ فَفَخَرَهُ, (ISk, S, O, Msb, K,) inf. n. of the former مُفَاخَرَةٌ (Msb, K) and فِخَارٌ, (K,) [and aor. of the latter فَخُرَ, or, accord. to some, فَخَرَ, (see 3 in art. خصم,)] He vied, or competed, with him, or contended with him for superiority, in فَخْر [i. e. glorying, or boasting, &c., or in glory, or excellence, i. e. he emulated, or rivalled, him therein, and he surpassed him, or overcame him, therein; and, simply, he vied with him, and surpassed him]: (Msb, * K:) or he contended with him for superiority in generousness or nobleness of father and mother: (ISk, S:) and he surpassed him, or overcame him, therein. (ISk, S, Msb, K.) 4 افغرهُ عَلَيْهِ; (ISk, S, O, K;) and ↓ فخّرهُ عليه, inf. n. تَفْخِيرٌ; (ISk, S, O;) or عليه ↓ فَخَرَهُ, aor. ـَ (Az, O, * K,) inf. n. فَخْرٌ; (Az, O, TA;) He judged him, or made him, to excel, or to have excelled, him in فَخْر [or glorying, or boasting, or glory, or excellence]. (ISk, S, O, K.) b2: أَفْخَرَتْ She (a woman) brought forth none but such as was فَاخِر [or goodly, &c.]. (Lth, O.) 5 تفخّر (S, TA) and ↓ تفاخر (TA) He magnified himself; he was, or became, proud, haughty, or disdainful; syn. of the inf. n. of the former تَعَظُّمٌ, and تَكَبُّرٌ; (S, TA;) and that of the latter تَعَاظُمٌ. (TA.) 6 تفاخروا [They vied, or competed, or contended for superiority, one with another, in فَخْر, i. e., glorying, or boasting, or in glory, or excel-lence, i. e. they emulated, or rivalled, one another therein; and, simply, they vied, one with another;] they boasted together, one party against another. (S, * K.) تفاخروا فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ They boasted among themselves of their several causes of boasting. (Msb.) b2: See also 1, in two places; and 5.8 إِفْتَخَرَ see 1, first sentence. b2: [Hence,] افتخرت زَوَاخِرُهُ (tropical:) [Its herbs] became tall. (A, TA.) 10 استفخرهُ He bought it فَاخِرًا [i. e. of a good, a goodly, or an excellent, quality], namely, a garment, or piece of cloth, (Lth, O,) or a thing. (K.) And in like manner the verb is used in relation to the giving [and app. the taking] in marriage. (O.) فَخْرٌ [Glory: excellence: originally an inf. n.: as also فُخْرَةٌ.] You say عَلَيْهِمْ ↓ إِنَّهُ لَذُو فُخْرَةٍ, i. e. فَخْرٍ [Verily he possesses glory, or excellence, above them: or perhaps the meaning of this phrase may be verily he has a disposition to boast himself against them]: and هٰذَا ↓ مَا لَكَ فُخْرَةُ, i. e. فَخْرُهُ [Thou hast not the glory, or excellence, of this]. (Lh, TA.) فُخْرٌ and فُخُرٌ Thickness of an udder, with contractedness of the orifices of the teats, and with paucity of milk. (TA.) فُخْرَةٌ: see فَخْرٌ, in two places.

فِخْرَةٌ [A manner of glorying, or boasting]. Yousay فَخَرَ فِخْرَةً حَسَنَةً [He gloried, or boasted, in a good manner]. (Lh, TA.) فَخَارٌ [said in the Msb to be a simple subst.: see 1].

فَخُورٌ: see فَاخِرٌ. b2: Also A she-camel great in the udder, contracted in the orifices of the teats: (As, S, O:) or great in the udder, having little milk; (K, TA;) and likewise applied to a ewe or she-goat: or that yields thee what she has of milk, and has nothing remaining thereof. (TA.) b3: And A thick udder, contracted in the orifices of the teats, and having little milk: (K, TA:) erroneously repeated in the K among words ending with ز. (TA.) b4: And A palm-tree great in the trunk, thick in the branches. (S, O, K.) b5: Also, and ↓ فَيْخَرٌ, (O, K,) which is likewise with ز, (TA,) both applied to a horse, (O, K,) and the latter to a man also, (O,) Great in the yard, (O, K,) and long therein: (K:) and the latter, applied to a penis, great; mentioned by IDrd as with ز: (TA:) and the pl. is فَيَاخِرُ. (K, TA.) فَخِيرٌ One who vies, or competes, or contends, with another in glorying, or boasting, &c., (O, K,) or for superiority in generousness or nobleness of father and mother; (S;) i. q. مُفَاخِرٌ; (K;) like خَصِيمٌ (S, TA) in the sense of مُخَاصِمٌ. (TA.) You say جَآءَ فُلَانٌ فَخِيرً ثُمَّ رَجَعَ أَخِيرًا [Such a one came contending with others in glorying, or boasting, &c.: then returned last, or meanest]. (A.) b2: Also Overcome in فَخْر [i. e. glorying, or boasting, &c.]. (K.) فَخَّارٌ Baked pottery; baked vessels of clay: (Msb, voce خَزَفٌ:) or baked clay: before it is baked, it is called خَزَفٌ and صَلْصَالٌ: (Msb in the present art.:) or i. q. خَزَفٌ: (S, O, K:) or a kind of خَزَف of which earthen vessels, or jars, mugs, &c., are made: (TA:) or earthen vessels; vessels made of potters' clay: pl. of [or rather a coll. gen. n. of which the n. un. is] فَخَّارَةٌ. (K.) فِخِّيرٌ: see the paragraph here following.

فِخِّيرَةٌ: see the paragraph here following.

فِخِّيرَآءُ: see the paragraph here following.

فَاخِرٌ an epithet from فَخَرَ in the first of the senses expl. above; as also ↓ فَخُورٌ: (K:) [the former signifies Glorying; boasting; &c.: and the latter, the same as] ↓ فَخِّيرٌ one who glories, or boasts, much; (S, O, TA;) as also ↓ فِخِّيرَآءُ: (O, TA:) and ↓ فِخِّيرَةٌ one who glories, or boasts, very much. (O, * TA.) b2: A thing, (S, O, Msb,) or anything, (K,) [superb, grand; as though glorying, or boasting;] good; goodly; excellent; of excellent quality. (S, O, Msb, K.) b3: Also (assumed tropical:) Dates not yet ripe (بُسْرٌ) that grow large, and have no stones: (S, O, K:) as though they boasted against others. (TA.) فَيْخَرٌ: see فَخُورٌ, last sentence.

فَاخُورٌ A species of sweet-smelling plants; (S, TA;) i. q. رَيْحَانُ الشُّيُوخِ; (K, TA;) thus called by the people of El-Basrah; accord. to AHn, the مَرْو [or marum] having broad leaves; and said to be that of which there have come forth, in its midst, جَمَامِيح [pl. of جُمَّاحٌ, q. v.], like foxes' tails, with a red, sweet-smelling blossom in the middle thereof: the physicians assert that it cuts short the [sleep termed] سُبَات. (TA.) b2: [A meaning assigned by Golius to this word belongs to فُنَاخِرَةٌ.]

مَفْخَرَةٌ and مَفْخُرَةٌ A thing in which one glories, or boasts himself; (K;) a cause of glorying or boasting; a generous quality or action, or a generous quality that is inherited by generation from generation; syn. مَأْثَرَةٌ: (S, O:) pl. مَفَاخِرُ. (Msb.)

خلو: خلا: يستعمل هذا الفعل متعدياً إلى مفعوله إذا كان بمعنى قابله، وانفرد به ففي الأغاني فيما نقله عنه دي ساسي في الطرائف (2: 419): فإن أنت خلوته وأعجبته فأنت مصيب منه خيراً. وهذا النص موجود في الأغاني (9: 176) طبعة بولاق ولذا فان كتابة خلوته صحيحة.
وفي أساس البلاغة مجد كذلك: واستخليت الملك فلا خلاني أي (لا) خلا معي.
خلا من الشيء: أعوزه. ويقال مثلاً: خلا من نعم الحياة ورغد العيش (المقري 1: 138).
وخلا من العلم الضروري (تاريخ البربر 1: 588).
وخلا من: تجرد عن، تبرأ من. (تاريخ البربر 1: 52).
وخلا من: احتزر من، تحزر من، كان في مأمن من. ففي المقري (2: 406): كلامه هذا لا يخلو من النقد - أي كلامه هذا ليس في مأمن من النقد.
خلا وجهه: تفرغ من كل عمل (معجم اللطائف، البكر ص120) وخلا وجهه من: تخلص من، نجا من (عباد 1: 283، رقم133) وخلا وجهه له: تفرغ له. ففي كليلة ودمنة (ص197): وسرت المرأة سروراً عظيماً حين علمت أن زوجها سيسافر .. ويخلو وجهها لخليلها، أي تكون حرة وتتفرغ لاستقبال خليلها.
وفي عباد (1: 324): وخلا وجه قرطبة بعد ذلك للمعتمد وعاد إليه ملكها.
خلّى (بالتشديد): ترك، غادر، نسي (بوشر).
وخلّى: خلَّف، أورث، ترك ماله لأبنائه (بوشر).
وخلّى: تخلى من، تخلص من، باع. ففي ألف ليلة (1: 17) وخلّيت ما عندي من المال وكل ما كان عندي من البضائع. أي بعت ما عندي من الأملاك وكل ما عندي من البضائع.
خلّى عند: أودع عند، استودع (بوشر).
خلّى خلف: ترك خلف بمعنى نقل خلف. ففي ألف ليلة (1: 97): أخلى حجارة مدينتك خلف جبل قاف.
وخلّى خلف: تركه خلف الطريدة الهاربة (مرجريت ص180).
وخلّى: ترك، يقال مثلاً: خلّيني أفوت أي اتركني أمر، وخلى الفرصة تفوته أي ترك الفرصة تفوته. وما أخلي يوماً يفوت إلا وأكتب لك. أي لا أترك يوماً يمر دون أن أكتب لك (بوشر).
خلّوة يكتب: اتركوه يكتب (ألف ليلة 1: 94).
وخلّى بمعنى سمح له. وأذن له (معجم اللطائف).
خليني: اتركني، دعني (بوشر).
خَلّينا: دعنا من هذا، كفى (بوشر).
خلّينا من هذا الكلام: كفانا هذا الكلام، دعنا من هذا الكلام (بوشر).
ويقال: خليني من. أي لا تحدثني عن هذا ففي طرائف دي ساسي (1: 80):
وَدَع المُعَطِّلَ للسرور وخَلّني ... من حسن ظن الناس بالمتنمّس
وهو بيت لم يحسن الناشر تفسيره، ومعناه: دع النساك الذين تركوا السرور وابتعدوا عنه ولا تحدثني عن حسن ظن الناس بمن تظاهر بما ليس له من فضيلة.
وخلاّه: تركه يفعل أو يقول ولم يمنعه (بوشر) وفي المقري (1: 120): كان ضيفه يحب الشراب و (خلاّه وما أحب أي تركه يفعل ما أحب) تركه يشرب. وفي معجم بوشر: خلّى يعمل.
وخلاّه يعمل: تركه يرتكب الفاحشة (ألف ليلة برسل 3: 272).
وخلَّى فلاناً وخلّى لفلان: تخلى له عن الشيء وتركه له (بوشر، معجم اللطائف).
وخلَّى: استبقى، ادخر (بوشر).
وخلَّى: حمله على فعل شئ، جعله يفعل. يقال مثلاً: أخلّيه يعطيك أي حملته على أن يعطيك (بوشر).
وفي ألف ليلة (1: 109): خليت أبي يكافئك أي حملت أبي على أن يكافئك.
خلّى بمعنى أخذ، ففي ألف ليلة (برسل 9: 219) في قصة أسلوبها رديء جداً: قالت له أنا ماخذ هذا المصاغ على مشورة، الذي يعجبها يخلوه ونأتي له بثمنه وخَلِّ هذا الولد عندك. وفي طبعة ماكن (3: 430): وقالت له أنا آخذ هذا المصاغ على المشاورة فالذي يعجبهم يأخذونه وآتي لك بثمنه وخذ هذا الولد عندك.
خَلِّي بينهما. وخلّى ما بينهما أيضاً: سمح لهما بالتفاوض، سمح لهما بالتحدث والتذاكر (عباد 1: 67).
خلَّى بينه وبين الشيء: سمح له به (معجم البلاذري، عبد الواحد ص14).
خَلاّه وشأنه أو خلّى وشأنه: تركه يفعل ما يشاء. ففي تاريخ البربر (1: 441): وشاور وزراءه في تخليتهم وشانهم من النزول بالساحل أو صدهم عنه. أي شاور وزراءه فيما إذا كان من الأفضل أن يترك الأعداء ينزلون بالساحل أو يمنعهم من ذلك (دي سلان) وبعده: وخلّوا وشأنهم من النزول.
خَلِّك: ابقَ، ففي ألف ليلة (برسل 9: 316): خَلِّيكم عندي أي ابقوا عندي. وفي طبعة ماكن: أقيما عندي. وفيها (برسل 9: 388): خَلِّيك واقفاً أي ابق حيث أنت. وفي طبعة ماكن: قف أنت هنا.
وفيها (3: 210) طبعة ماكن: خَلِّيك بعيداً عني. وقد ترجمها لين بما معناه: ابتعد عني.
خَلِّ بَالَك: انتبه، تيقظ (ألف ليلة 2: 108) وفي ترجمة لين ما معناه: كن منتبهاً.
ويقال أيضاً خليِّ باله ل: تنّبه، انتبه، تيقّظ، أعطى البال ل (انظره في مادة بال).
خلَّى في الحيرة: تركه متردداً متحيراً (بوشر).
خَلَّى مَنْزلاً للناس: اتخذ نُزُلا (فندقاً) للناس. ففي ألف ليله (ماكن 2: 635): كتب شاعر إلى سيدة: أنت التي كان لها ألف صديق وخليل -
أراك خلّيت للنا ... س منزلاً في الطريق
خلَّى عن: أقلع عن، تخلص من عادته (بوشر).
وخلَّى عن: عدل عن (بوشر).
وخلَّى عنه الشيء: كفّ عن، أقصر (بوشر).
وفي ألف ليلة (1: 38) خَلَّ عنك هذا الكلام: كفّ عن هذا الكلام.
خلَّى عن جنب: ادخر، خزن (بوشر).
خلاَّه يعاند: حرّضه وحمله على العناد (بوشر).
الله يخليك: من فضل، أرجوك، رحماك، دخلك، أترجاك (بوشر).
أخلى: بمعنى انفرد به في خلوة وتجد مثالاً له في معجم فريتاج ومعجم لين (كليلة ودمنة ص249).
ويقال أيضاً: أخلاه نفسه أي تفرد به وتفرغ له للحديث سراً (أخبار ص72، 128).
أَخْلَتْهُما: تركتهما وحدهما (معجم اللطائف).
وأخلى المكان: جعله خالياً، أفرغ. ففي القلائد (مخطوطة 1 ص101): فوقع الاتفاق على إخلاء حصن جملة (الخطيب ص182 ق، الحلل ص20 ق).
وأخلى: نظف، نزع عنه الأوساخ. يقال مثلاً أخلى البئر (الكالا).
وأخلى: أخرب، خرَّب، اجتاح، دمّر، جعله خلاء لا شئ فيه (فوك، الكالا).
وأخلى: جعله يتقهقر، يرجع إلى خلف. ففي حيان (ص76 ر) في كلامه عن فارسين كانا يتقاتلان: فأخليا من كان بازائهما.
وأخلى: أخرج (الكالا).
وأخلى فلاناً من: حرمه من، منعه من. (المقري 2: 290).
أخلى من اللوازم، عرّاه وجرّده (المقري 2: 290).
.أخلى من اللوازم، عراه وجرده من كل ما هو ضروري (بوشر).
أخلى: رمى سهماً، رشق سهماً، أطلق قوساً (الكالا).
تخلّى عن: حُرِم من، سُلِب من (ابن جبير ص345).
وتخلّى عن: استغنى عن. امتنع عن. ففي المقري (1: 601): وهذا الرجل التقي كان متخلياً عَماَّ في أيدي الناس (وهذا صواب قراءة الكلمة وفقاً لطبعة بولاق) ومعناه: إنه لم يكن يقبل الهدايا أو الصدقات.
وتخلّى عن المكان: تركه وفارقه، ففي حيان - بسام (3: 4ق): الجلاء عن مثواهم والتخلي عن قواهم.
وتخلى عن فلان: خذله، وتركه لمصيره، ففي كوسج لطائف (ص90) قد أعطيته زمامي، ولا أبقى أتخلّى عنه ولو أن روحي تطير قدّامي.
وتخلّى لفلان وعن فلان: سلم، تنازل له عن، واعتزل. استعفى من. تنحى له عن منصبه (بوشر، عباد1 ك 283 رقم 138). وفي حيان (ص104 ق): تخلّى عن حصنه له، أي تنازل له عن حصنه. ويقال أيضاً: تخلى من، ففي أخبار (ص72): يتخلى لي من هذا الأمر.
وتخلّى من وعن: ذكرت في معجم فوك في مادة dimitere.
وقولهم: تخليت عن نفسي (ألف ليلة 3: 89) يعني: لم أعد أفكر في خلاص نفسي.
وتخلّى: خرج مراراً إلى الخلاء لقضاء حاجته. استطلق بطنه (باين سميث 1442).
تخاليا: تهامسا (هلو).
انخلى واختلى: ذكرت في معجم فوك في مادة racuare ومادة depopular.
اختلى: انفرد، انزوى، اعتزل (بوشر).
اختلى بها: كان معها في خلوة (قصة عنتر (4: 1).
واختلى: انظر انخلى.
خلا. خلا عن: باستثناء (بوشر).
خِلْو. يقال: خلة من: خالٍ من، عاطل من، محروم من، مجرد من. يقال هو خلو من العلم وخلو من الفضائل. (المقدمة 3: 222 حيث أراد دي سلان تغيير الكلمة وهو مخطئ في ذلك، 464، تاريخ البربر 1: 433، 2: 93، وعليك أن تقرأ الكلمة خلة بدل خلق، 366).
وفي (1: 508) منه: وأبقى خطة الحجابة خلواً ممن يقوم بها والمعنى إنه لم يعين أحداً في وظيفة الحاجب.
وخِلو: نوع من عقود إيجار العقار الدائم لا يمكن بواسطته سلبه من المستأجر ولا من ورثته إذا ما دفع أجر الإيجار وليس عليه إلا أن يدفع مبلغ الإيجار المعين في العقد في أوقاته المعينة. (زيشر 8: 347 - 349).
خِلْو نِسَاء: مغرم بالنساء (الكامل ص352). خُلُوّ: خلاء، خواء، فضاء (بوشر، دي ساسي طرائف 1: 224).
خُلُوّ: طلل، رسم دارس، ففي المقدمة (2: 380): وأمّا الفقه عندهم فرسم خُلّوٍ واثر بعد عين.
خلوُّ البال: لا مبالاة، عدم اكتراث (بوشر).
خَلاَة على خَلاَة: على مهل، على هينة (بوشر).
خَلْوَة أتى الأسدَ على خلوة منه. أي أتى الأسد حين كان وحده (كليلة ودمنة ص105).
وخَلْوَة: حجرة صغيرة، حجيرة، مخدع، منصورة (بوشر، الملابس ص160 رقم 1، لين عادات 1: 372، 2: 53، دوماس عادات ص306، ابن بطوطة 4: 28، 38، المقدمة 1: 420، تاريخ البربر 2: 138، ألف ليلة 1: 87، 90، برسل 12: 292).
وخَلْوة: حَجَلة، غرفة العرس (الملابس ص160، 161).
وخَلْوة: جوسق في بستان (الملابس 161) = (المقري 1: 472).
وخَلْوة عند الدروز: صومعة، فأتقياء العقال من الدروز يبنون الخلوات في أعالي الجبال ويقيمون فيها منفردين (زيشر 6: 395، محيط المحيط).
وخَلْوة: معبد الدروز (بركهات سوريا ص202) وهو يذكر في (ص304) الجمع خلاوي.
خَلْوة: قضاء الحاجة الطبيعية. ففي المقري (1: 597). وقد خرج إلى موضع بخارج المدينة برسم خلوة. وخَلْوة: جماع، تسافد (الملابس ص161، ابن بطوطة 4: 156).
ليلة الخلوة: ليلة دخول بعل العروس عليها (محيط المحيط).
وخَلْوة: لواط (المقري 2: 427) وفي الجوبري (ص15 ق): الخلوة مع المردان. وفي حيان - بسام (1: 154و): ظنين الخلوة. ويقال أيضاً: عُهر الخلوة (المقري 1: 799) وفي مخطوطة ابن بسام في نفس الموضع: عهد الخلوة. ونفس هذه الغلطة موجودة لدى حيان - بسام (1: 174ق) ففيه: كانت عنده خمسمائة امرأة في حريمه (واتهم على ذلك بعهد (بعهر) الخلوة للذي شهر به من قلة الجماع).
ويسمى اللوطي عاهِر الخلوة. ففي حيان - بسام (1: 114و): أسير الشهوة عامر (عاهر) الخلوة.
وخَلْوَة: فرصة، وقت موافق. ففي (المعجم اللاتيني العربي): ( opportumitas خَلْوَة وامكان).
وخَلْوَة: همّ، بلبلة البال، قلق (هلو).
خَلَويّ: بري. نسبة إلى خلاء (بوشر).
خَلَوِي: نوع من الصقور (مرجريت ص176) وفيه (الكرلوي El-Krelow) .
الحمام الخلوي: الحمام البري (دومب ص62).
خلوية عند الدروز = خَلْوة (انظر خلوة) ريشتر ص132.
خَلاء: برية، قضاء (بوشر).
باب الخلاء: باب البرية (جرابرج ص40).
وخَلاء: صحراء خالية من السكان. (دسكرياك ص18).
وخَلاء: أطلال البيوت والقرى والمدن ورسومها الخالية الدارسة (الكالا).
وخَلاء: همّ، بلبلة البال، قلق (هلو).
بيت الخلاء: بيت الأدب، أدبخانة (بوشر).
خلائي. البيوت الخلائية: بيوت الأدب أو الراحة، مستراح، مرحاض، كنيف، متوضأ، مطهرة (ابن جبير ص275).
خَلاَوٍيّ: برّي، فضائي، فلاحي، بدوي.
وخلاوي: غابي، مختص بالغابات (بوشر).
خَلاَواتِيّ: بري، فضائي، فلاحي، بدوي، قروي (بوشر).
خَلاَيَة. خلاية نحل: خلية نحل، شورة، مشوارة، عَسالة، عميرة، قفير، كُوارة (بوشر).
خَلّية: بيت النحل الذي تعسل فيه، وقد جمعت على خلّيات في بيت ذكر في ألف ليلة (3: 226) غير أن طبعة برسل منها (9: 379) نجد الجمع المعروف خلايا. خال. فرس خال: ذو عيب في عنقه. (ابن العوام 2: 497).
تَخْلِية: من مصطلح أحكام القضاء وهو موضع اليد على الشيء (برجرن ص45).
وتَخْلِيَة: حذف، إسقاط، إخلال بالواجب (بوشر).
على التخلية: مرادف رُوسِيَّة، رأس، أرض داخلة في البحر. ومواز له، في خط مستقيم (معجم الادريسي).

خلو

1 خَلَا, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـْ (S, Msb,) inf. n. خُلُوٌّ, (S, Msb, K,) or خَلَآءٌ, (Msb,) or both, (K,) said of a place, (K,) of a place of alighting or abode, (Msb,) and of a thing, (S, TA,) It was, or became, empty, vacant, void, devoid, destitute, or unoccupied; (K, TA;) had none, and nothing, in it; (TA;) as also ↓ اخلى, (Msb, K,) and ↓ استخلى, (K.) [خَلَا المَكَانُ مِنَ النَّاسُ وَ المَآءِ وَالكَلَأ means The place was, or became, devoid, or destitute, of human beings and water and herbage or pasturage; without human beings &c.] Of a place of alighting or abode, you say, خَلَا مِنْ أَهْلِهِ and ↓ اخلى [It was, or became, devoid, or destitute, of its occupants]. (Msb.) And of a vessel, خَلَا مِمَّا فِيهِ It was, or became, empty of what was in it. (Mgh.) And خَلَوْتُ عَنِ الطَّعَامِ (S) I became empty, in the belly, of food; (PS;) and عَنْهُ ↓ أَخْلَيْتُ signifies the same. (S.) And خَلَا مِن العَيْبِ, (Msb,) or عَنِ الأَمْرِ, and مِنْهُ, (Kudot;,) inf. n. خُلُوٌّ, He was, or became, free (Msb, K) from fault, (Msb,) or from the thing, or affair: (K:) and, accord. to IAar, خلا alone signifies he was, or became, free from a fault, or the like, of which he was accused, or suspected. (TA.) And خَلَتْ عَنْ مَانِعِ النِّكَاحِ, inf. n. خُلُوٌّ, is said of a woman [as meaning She was, or became, free from any obstacle to marriage]. (Msb.) Accord. to the K, خَلَا مَكَانُهُ [lit. His place became vacant] means (tropical:) he died: but accord. to IAar, خَلَا alone has this signification [from the same verb signifying مَضَى. explained below]: and if you add مكانه, you say خَلَّى, with teshdeed; which see below. (TA.) You say also, خَلَا لَكَ الشَّىْءُ and ↓ اخلى, both signifying the same, (AA, S, TA,) i. q. فَرَغَ [i. e. The thing was, or became, vacant, or unoccupied, for thee: (see an ex. of the former verb in a saying of Tarafeh cited voce جَوٌّ:) and hence, the thing was, or became, exclusively for thee]. (TA.) AA cites as an ex. the saying of Maan Ibn-Ows, أَعَاذِلُ هَلْ يَأْتِى القَبَائِلَ حَظُّهَا لَنا المَوْتُ وَحْدَنَا ↓ مِنَ المَوْتِ أَمْ أَخْلَى

[O censurer, does their share of death come to the tribes in common, or is death exclusively for us alone?]. (S, TA.) See also the paragraph, below, commencing with خَلَا as a word denoting exception. b2: [Hence,] خَلَا and ↓ اخلى, (S, K,) said of a man, (TA,) or the same two verbs followed by بِنَفْسِهِ, said of a man, (Msb,) both signify the same; (S;) He was, or became, [without any companion, i. e.] alone, by himself; (Msb;) or he became (وَقَعَ [q. v.]) in a vacant place, in which he was not pressed against, or straitened. (K.) And خَلَا بِهِ, (S, Msb, K,) and إِلَيْهِ, (S, K,) and مَعَهُ, (K,) inf. n. خَلْوَةٌ (S, Msb, K) and خَلَآءٌ (S, K) and خَلْوٌ, (K, TA,) or خُلُوٌّ, (CK,) or the first of these, i. e. خَلْوَةٌ, is a simple subst., and the second and third are the inf. ns.; (TA;) and به ↓ اخلى, (Lh, K,) and ↓ اخلاهُ, (S, K,) and بِهِ ↓ استخلى; (K; [the last omitted in the CK;]) He was, or became, alone with him; (Msb;) he was, or became, in company with him, or he met him, or had a meeting or an interview with him, in a vacant place, or a place unoccupied [by others, i. e., in a private place]. (S, K.) In the saying in the Kur [ii. 13], وَإِذَا خَلَوْا إِلَى

شَيَاطِينِهِمْ, it is said that إِلَى is used in the sense of مَعَ, [so that the meaning is And when they are alone with their devils,] as in that other saying in the Kur [iii. 45 and lxi. 14], مَنْ أَنْصَارِى إِلَى اللّٰهُ. (S.) A man says to another man, اُخْلُ مَعِى حَتَّى

أُكَلِّمَكَ, i. e. Be [or come] thou alone with me [that I may speak to thee in private]. (TA.) And one says, خَلَا بِزَوْجَتِهِ, inf. n. خَلْوَةٌ, [but see what is said of this noun above,] He was, or became, alone with his wife: but [properly speaking, according to the law,] the term خَلْوَةٌ [or خَلْوَةٌ صَحِيحَةٌ, in this case,] is not used unless it be with the enjoyment of المُفَاخَذَة, [see 3 in art. فخذ,] and then it has an effect upon the circumstances of the marriage [by its rendering obligatory the payment of the dowry, though consummation has not taken place]: if with consummation, the act is termed دُخُولٌ. (Msb.) You say also, ↓ أَخْلِ

أَمْرَكَ and بِأَمْرِكَ Be thou alone in thine affair, with none to take part with thee in it; confine thyself to it exclusively of other things. (TA. [See also 5.]) And إِلَيْكَ ↓ أَخْلِ Keep thou to thine affair, and be alone in it, with none to take part with thee therein. (JK.) And البُكَآءُ ↓ استخلى

[app. for بِالبُكَآءِ] He was, or became, alone in weeping, with none to participate with him in it. (TA.) [And خَلَا لِلْأَمْرِ: see 5.] And خَلَاعَلَى

بَعْضِ الطَّعَامِ He restricted himself to a portion of the food. (K.) Temeem say, خَلَا فُلَانٌ عَلَى

اللَّبَنِ وَ اللَّحْمِ (JK, * TA) i. e. Such a one fed upon milk and flesh-meat alone; (JK;) or such a one ate not, nor mixed, anything with milk and flesh-meat: and Kináneh and Keys say ↓ أَخْلَى. (Lh, JK, * TA.) [And it seems to be indicated in the T that خَلَوْا signifies They selected a she-camel for a خَلِيَّة, q. v.: or i. q. تَخَلَّوْا بِخَلَيِّةٍ: see 5.] b3: خَلَا also ssignifies He devoted himself to religious services or exercises [app. in solitude, or seclusion, or in a خَلْوَة; or because one generally does so in solitude; or because the doing so involves abstraction from other affairs]. (TA. [See also 5; and see مُسْتَخْلٍ.]) b4: And خَلَا بِهِ [sometimes] signifies (tropical:) He mocked at, scoffed at, laughed at, derided, or ridiculed, him: (Lh, S, Z, K, TA:) said by Az to be strange, and not known by him or any other authority than that of Lh: (TA:) from the saying, خَلَا فُلَانٌ بِعِرْضِ فُلَانٍ يَعْبَثُ بِهِ [Such a one occupied himself alone with the honour, or reputation, of such a one, making sport with it]. (Ksh in ii. 13.) and i. q. خَادَعَهُ (tropical:) [He deceived, deluded, beguiled, circumvented, or outwitted, him; &c.: or he strove to do so]: (TA:) as also ↓ خالاهُ, (JK, and K in art. خلى,) inf. n. مُخَالَاةٌ. (JK.) b5: and خَلَا عَلَيْهِ He relied upon him; [as though he betook himself to him alone;] syn. اِعْتَمَدَ. (TA.) b6: And خَلَا, (JK, K,) inf. n. خُلُوٌّ, (TA,) or خَلَآءٌ, (JK,) said of a man (JK) and of a thing, (JK, TA,) He, or it, went, went away, or passed away. (JK, K.) Hence, (TA,) وَ إِنْ مِنْ أُمَّةٍإِلَّا خَلَا فِيهَا نَذِيرٌ, in the Kur [xxxv. 22], means [And there is not any people but a warner] hath gone, and hath been sent, among them. (S, TA.) [Hence also خَلَا explained above as meaning He died.] And خَلَا مِنْهَا [an elliptical phrase] She became old; the greater part of her life passed. (TA from a trad.) And خَلَاكَ ذَمٌّ [for خَلَا عَنْكَ ذَمٌّ] Blame passed away from thee; or may blame pass away from thee. (Ksh and Bd in ii. 13.) You say, اِفْعَلْ كَذَا وَ خَلَاكَ ذَمٌّ Do thou such a thing, and thou wilt have an excuse; [i. e.] blame will fall from thee. (S. [See art. ذم.]) and خَلَاهُ الحُزْنُ Grief passed away from him, and quitted him. (Har p. 590, from the Tekmileh.) b7: خَلَا عَنِ الشَّىْءِ: see 2.

A2: خَلَا [or خَلَى, probably belonging to art. خلى, though mentioned in the present art.,] He ate what was good, sweet, or pleasant. (TA.) 2 خَلَّى, inf. n. تَخْلِيَةٌ, [He left a place, &c., empty, vacant, void, devoid, destitute, or unoccupied.] Hence, خلّى مَكَانَهُ [He left his place vacant;] meaning (tropical:) he died: (TA, and so in Ham p. 478:) a meaning assigned in the K to ↓ خَلَا مَكَانُهُ, and by IAar to خَلَا alone, without tesh-deed; but when مكانه is added, it is with teshdeed. (TA.) And (assumed tropical:) He went his way. (Ham p. 379.) And خلّى سَبِيلَهُ [He left his way free, or open, to him]. (S, TA.) And خلّى بَيْنَهُمَا [He left the way, or space, free between them two; meaning he left them two free, each to do to the other as he pleased]. (TA.) [And خلّى بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ كَذَا He left him free access to such a thing.] and خلّى بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ نَفْسِهِ He left him, or it, alone; syn. أَهْمَلَهُ. (S and O and K in art. همل.) [and خلّاهُ وَفُلَانًا He left him to do as he pleased with such a one.] And خلّى الأَمْرَ He left, left alone, or let alone, the thing, or affair; as also ↓ تخلّى

مِنْهُ and عَنْهُ; and ↓ خالاهُ, (K, TA,) inf. n. خِلَآءٌ. (TA.) For تَخْلِيَةٌ signifies The leaving, and making a thing to be alone. (Har p. 123.) [خلّاهُ and خلّى عَنْهُ both signify He left, or left alone, it, or him.] It is said in a trad., خلّى عَنْهُمْ أَرْبَعِينَ عَامًا He (God) left them, or left them alone, and turned from them, forty years. (TA.) [And خلّاهُ لِكَذَا He made him, or left him, vacant, unoccupied, unemployed, or at leisure, for such a thing.] b2: تَخْلِيَةٌ also signifies The act of loosing; contr. of شَدٌّ. (IAar, K in art. ابض.) [Hence,] خلّى عَنِ الشَّىْءِ, (JK, S, * TA,) in the K ↓ خَلَا, without teshdeed, but this requires consideration, (TA,) He dismissed, loosed, let loose, or let go, the thing. (JK, K, TA.) b3: [and hence خلّاهُ meaning He left it, permitted it, or allowed it: see the pass. part. n., below.]

A2: خُلِّيَتْ, said of a she-camel such as is termed خَلِيَّة; and hence, of a cooking-pot: see 1 in art. خلى.3 خالاهُ He left, forsook, relinquished, abandoned, deserted, or quitted, him, being left, &c., by him; namely, another man; syn. تَارَكَهُ; (S;) inf. n. مُخَالَاةٌ, syn. with مُوَادَعَةٌ, (JK,) [and خِلَآءٌ also: and he was, or became, distant, remote, far off, aloof, or apart, from him; for]

خِلَآءٌ is syn. with مُبَاعَدَةٌ and مُجَانَبَةٌ (TA in art. خلأ) and فُرْقَةٌ. (TA in the present art.) and خالى الأَمْرَ, inf. n. خِلَآءٌ: see 2. b2: [Also He went, or came, out, or forth, to him, in the field; for] مُخَالَاةٌ is also syn. with مُبَارَزَةٌ. (Sh, TA.) b3: Also, (Lth, JK, K,) inf. n. مُخَالَاةٌ, (Lth, JK,) He wrestled with him, each endeavouring to throw down the other; contended with him in wrestling: (Lth, JK, K: mentioned in the K in art. خلى:) because, when one does so, he is alone with the other, so that neither of them seeks aid from any other. (Az, TA.) And in like manner the word مُخَالَاةٌ is used [app. as meaning The act of contending with another, by oneself,] in relation to any affair, or case. (Lth, JK, TA. [See its act. part. n., below.]) b4: See also 1, in the latter part of the paragraph.4 أَخْلَوَ see 1, in eleven places.

A2: اخلى المَكَانَ, (S, K,) or المَنْزِلَ, (Msb,) He made the place, (K,) or the place of alighting or abode, (Msb,) empty, vacant, void, devoid, destitute, or unoccupied: (Msb, K:) or it signifies, (S, K,) or signifies also, (Msb,) he found it empty, &c. (S, Msb, K.) One says in praying for another that he may have a long life, لَا أَخْلَى اللّٰهُ مَكَانَكَ [May God not make thy place vacant]. (TA.) b2: اخلاهُ مَعَهُ [He made him, or found him, to be alone with him]. (K.) 5 تخلّى He went forth into the field, or open country, to satisfy a want of nature. (TA.) And تخلّى فِى الخَلَآءِ He went forth into the vacant tract, or into the privy, to satisfy a want of nature: or he satisfied a want of nature therein. (TA.) b2: Also He was, or became, or made himself, vacant from occupation, or business; [unoccupied; unemployed; or at leisure;] syn. تَفَرَّغَ: (S:) or so تخلّى مِنَ الشُّغْلِ. (K in art. فرغ.) You say, تخلّى لِلْعِبَادَةِ He was, or became, or made himself, vacant for, or he confined himself exclusively to, the service of God. (TA.) [See also 1, in the latter part of the paragraph. In like manner, one says also, لِلْأَمْرِ ↓ خَلَا He was, or became, or made himself, vacant for, or he confined himself exclusively to, the affair.] And تَخَلَّوْا بِخَلِيَّةٍ (S, K, TA) They confined themselves exclusively to a she-camel, or to she-camels, such as they termed خلية, (K, TA,) يَحْلُبُونَهَا [milking only her, or them]. (S, TA.) And تخلّى خَلِيَّةً He took for himself a خليّة. (TA.) b3: And تخلّى مِنَ الأَمْرِ and عَنْهُ: see 2. b4: And تَخَلَّتِ الإِبِلُ بِلَا رَاعٍ [The camels were left to themselves without a pastor]. (K in art. سوع.) 10 إِسْتَخْلَوَ see 1, in three places. [And see also مُسْتَخْلٍ.]

A2: استخلاهُ مَجْلِسَهُ He asked him to leave his sitting-place vacant, or unoccupied, for him. (S. [But found by me in only one copy of that work.]) b2: استخلى المَلِكَ He asked the king to have a meeting, or an interview, with him in a vacant place, or a place unoccupied [by others, i. e., in a private place; he asked the king to grant him a private meeting or interview]. (K.) خَلَا as a word denoting exception, (S, Mughnee, K,) when it governs a gen. case, (S, Mughnee,) as when you say, جَاؤُونِى خَلَا زَيْدٍ [They came to me, except Zeyd], is a particle, (S, Mughnee, K,) accord. to some of the grammarians, like حَاشَى; but accord. to some, a prefixed inf. n. (S.) ↓ It. also governs an accus. case, as a verb: (S, Mughnee:) so that you say, جَاؤُونِى خَلَا زَيْدًا [meaning as above]; the agent of خلا being implied, (S, Mughnee, *) like that of حَاشَى [used as a verb]: it is as though you said, خَلَا مَنْ جَآءَنِى مِنْ زَيْدٍ

[i. e. those who came to me were without Zeyd]: (S:) or correctly, accord. to IB, خَلَا بَعْضُهُمْ زَيْدًا [for مِنْ زَيْدٍ, like as you say, خَلَاكَ ذَمٌّ, for خَلَا عَنْكَ ذَمٌّ]. (TA.) When you say مَا خَلَا, it is followed only by an accus., because ما خلا is equivalent to an inf. n.; (S, Mughnee;) so that when you say, جَاؤُونِى مَا خَلَا زَيْدًا [meaning as above], it is as if you said, جَاؤُونِى خُلُوَّ زَيْدٍ [or خُلُوًّا زَيْدًا], i. e. خُلُوَّهُمْ مِنْ زَيْدٍ, (S,) which two phrases mean جَاؤُونِى خَالِينَ مِنْ زَيْدٍ [They came to me, they being without Zeyd]: (S, K:) [for] accord. to Seer, ماخلا occupies the place of a noun in the accus. as a denotative of state: but some say, as an adv. n. of time; so that, accord. to these, مَا خَلَا زَيْدًا means وَقْتَ خُلُوِّهِمْ عَنْ زَيْدٍ [in the time of their being without Zeyd]. (Mughnee.) You say also, مَا أَرَدْتُ مَسَآءَتَكَ خَلَا أَنِّى وَعَظْتُكَ, meaning [I desired not to displease thee,] but I admonished thee (إِلَّا أَنِّى وَعَظْتُكَ). (JK, TA.) خِلْوٌ, and its fem. (with ة), and dual: see خَالٍ, in seven places.

خَلْوَةٌ said by some to be an inf. n.: [see خَلَا بِهِ

&c. in the first paragraph of this art.:] by others said to be a simple subst.; (TA;) meaning Loneliness; solitude; lonesomeness; solitariness; desolateness; syn. وَحْشَةٌ. (S and K in art. وحش.) [Hence, app.,] رَجُلٌ سَهْلُ الخَلْوَةِ [A man easy in private conference]. (Msb in art. سلس. [See also a phrase in the latter part of the next paragraph.]) b2: Also An empty, a vacant, a void, or an unoccupied, place. (KL. [See also خَلَآءٌ.]) [In the present day, it is often applied to A closet to which one retires for privacy; and particularly to a cell for religious retirement: and is vulgarly pronounced خِلْوَة.] You say, اِجْتَمَعَ مَعَهُ فِى خَلْوَةٍ (S) or اجتمع بِهِ فى خلوة (K) [He had a meeting, or an interview, with him in a vacant place, or a place unoccupied by others, i. e., in a private place].

A2: Also Each of the two sharp sides or edges of an arrow-head (AHn, JK, TA) or of a spear-head: (AHn, TA:) both together are called the خَلْوَتَانِ: (AHn, JK, TA.) خَلَآءٌ is primarily an inf. n. (MF, TA. [See 1, first sentence.]) b2: [Then it is used as an epithet, syn. with خَالٍ:] see خَالٍ, in five places. b3: Then it is used [as a subst.] in the sense of A vacant place [in a general sense]: (MF, TA:) or a place in which is nothing: (S, K:) [often applied in the present day to any open tract of country or desert:] and then, particularly, such as one takes for the purpose of satisfying a want of nature; (MF, TA;) i. q. مُتَوَضَّأٌ, (S, Msb, K,) but not as meaning only a place for the performance of الوُضُوء, as might be imagined from this explanation: pl. أَخْلِيَةٌ. (MF, TA.) It is said in a prov., (S, Meyd,) خَلَاؤُكَ أَقْنَى لِحَيَائِكَ, (S, Meyd, K,) [in Freytag's Arab. Prov., (i. 436,) بِحَيَآيِكَ,] i. e. [Thy place of retirement is] most preservative (أَلْزَمُ) [of thy sense of shame, or modesty]; meaning it is most fit for thee to be alone in thine abode; (S, * Meyd;) for he who is so needs not to be careful for his shame, or modesty: it is used in blaming the mixing with others. (Meyd.) حُصِرَ عَلَيْهِ خَلَاؤُهُ [His place of retirement for satisfying a want of nature was straitened to him] is used as meaning he suffered suppression of the feces, or constipation of the bowels. (Ibn-Buzurj, TA in art. حصر.) A2: إِنَّهُ لَحْلُو الخَلَآءِ, (TA,) or [as written in a verse in which it occurs in the TA in the present art., and in art. خلى,] الخَلَا, (JK, TA,) [without ء, but whether this be the right reading, or only required by poetic license, seems to be doubtful,] is a phrase mentioned by Th, (TA,) meaning Verily he is good in speech. (JK, TA. [If the former reading be right, the meaning may be similar to that of سَهْلُ الخَلْوَةِ, mentioned above: if the latter only, or rather انّه لحلو الخَلَى, be right, it probably belongs to art. خلىٍ, and is tropical, from the herbage termed خَلى; and this may also be the case if the former reading be right.]) خَلِىٌّ; and its fem. خَلِيَّةٌ: see خَالٍ, in twelve places. b2: The fem. also signifies, applied to a she-camel, (S, Msb,) Loosed from the cord, or rope, with which her fore shank and her arm have been bound together, (S, Msb, K,) and left alone, or free, (S,) so that she pastures where she will. (Msb.) Hence, (Msb,) it is used by way of metonymy as meaning Divorced: (Lh, S, Msb, K:) one says to a woman, أَنْتِ خَلِيَّةٌ Thou art divorced; (Lh, S;) and thus a man used to say in the Time of Ignorance: (TA:) and one says, هِىَ خَلِيَّةٌ She is divorced: (Msb:) and a woman is divorced thereby when divorce is meant. (Lh, TA.) Applied to a woman, it signifies also Free from any obstacle to marriage: pl. خَلِيَّاتٌ. (Msb.) b3: Also A she-camel that is made to affect, with another she-camel, one young one, so that both yield their milk to it, and to which the people of a tent, or house, confine themselves exclusively of the other for the purpose of milking her: (S:) or a she-camel that is chosen as the one more abundant in milk, when one has brought forth and her young one is drawn away (يُجَرُّ) as soon as born, before she smells it, and the young one of another, that has brought forth before her, is brought near to her, and she affects it; the other is left to suckle the young one, and is termed بَسُوطٌ, pl. بسط [app. بُسْطٌ or بُسُطٌ]: (Az, TA:) or a she-camel that is left, or left alone, to be milked: (K:) or that affects a young one [not her own], or is destitute of her young one, (JK, M, K,) whether she incline to another's young one or do not, or that is destitute of her young one by death or slaughter, (M, TA,) and whose milk one causes to flow by means of the young one of another; but only by her affecting a young one, and not suckling it: (M, K: *) or that brings forth, when abundant in milk, and has her young one drawn (يُجَرُّ) from beneath her, and another put beneath her, and is then left, or left alone, to be milked; (Lh, K;) this being done because of her generous quality: (Lh:) or a she-camel, or two she-camels, to which the people of a tent, or house, confine themselves exclusively, for milking, when two or three she-camels are made to affect one young one, and to yield their milk to it; the young one [afterwards] sucking from one of them only: (K, * TA:) or a she-camel that brings forth, and whose young one is drawn away (يُجَرُّ) in order that her milk may continue for their use, she being made to yield her milk by means of the young one of another, which is then withdrawn from her, and she is milked: sometimes, also, they bring together three and four خَلَايَا [pl. of خَلِيَّةٌ] to one young camel: and the doing so is termed تَلَسُّنٌ: (IAar, TA:) in this case they take as a خليّة whichever of them they will. (ISh, TA.) [Applied to a she-camel in any of these senses, it seems to be an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant; i. e., used without its having نَاقَةٌ prefixed to it.]

A2: See also the paragraph next following, in two places.

خَلِيَّةٌ [as fem. of the epithet خَلِىٌّ: see the next preceding paragraph, and the places there referred to in its first sentence.

A2: As a subst. it signifies] A great ship: (T, S, K:) or a ship that goes of itself, without its being made to do so by the sailor: (JK, K:) or one that is followed by a small boat: (K:) the first held by Az to be the right meaning: (TA:) pl. خَلَايَا. (JK, S.) b2: Also, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.,) and ↓ خَلِىٌّ, (JK, Msb, K,) The habitation (بَيْت) of bees, [whether it be a manufactured hive or a hollow in the trunk of a tree or in a rock,] in which they deposit their honey; (S;) the place in which bees deposit their honey: (Mgh:) or the thing in which bees deposit their honey, (K, TA,) not manufactured for them: (TA:) or a thing like the [kind of jar called] رَاقُود, of clay, (K, TA,) made for bees: (TA:) or a certain thing for bees, well known, of clay or of wood: (Msb:) or, accord. to Lth, if made of clay, it is called كوارة, (Msb, TA,) i. e. [كُوَارَةٌ and كُوَّارَةٌ and كِوَارَةٌ] with kesr: (Msb:) or a piece of wood hollowed out for honey to be deposited therein [by bees]: or the lower part of a tree that is called خَزَمَةٌ, [n. un. of خَزَمٌ, q. v., hollowed out for that purpose,] resembling the [kind of jar called] رَاقُود: (K:) or ↓ خَلِىٌّ signifies the part of the كُوَّارَة which is the place of the honey: (JK:) pl. as above. (Msb, TA.) خَلَاوَةُ: see the next paragraph.

خَالٍ Empty, vacant, void, devoid, destitute, or unoccupied; (Mgh, TA;) having none, and nothing, in it: (TA:) applied to a place, (Msb, TA,) as also ↓ خَلِىٌّ (TA) and ↓ مُخْلٍ; (Msb;) and to a thing, as also ↓ خَلِىٌّ; (TA;) or a vessel. (Mgh.) You say also ↓ مَكَانٌ خَلَآءٌ, [as well as خَلَآءٌ alone,] meaning A place in which is none (K, TA) and nothing. (TA.) And وَجَدْتُ

↓ الدَّارَ مُخْلِيَةً, meaning خَالِيَةً [i. e. I found the house empty, &c.]. (TA.) b2: Vacant, or free; from a thing or an affair; or devoid, or destitute, of a thing; (TA;) and so ↓ خَلِىٌّ and ↓ خِلْوٌ; which last is the same as masc. and fem., though it has خِلْوَةٌ also for fem., and أَخْلَآءٌ for pl.; (K;) but properly, accord. to Lh, it has no dual form, nor pl., nor fem., though some give it such forms: (TA:) or ↓ خَلِىٌّ, which has a dual, [i. e.

خَلِيَّانِ,] and pl., (S, Msb,) i. e. خَلِيُّونَ and أَخْلِيَآءُ, (K,) signifies free [from a thing]; or clear or quit [of a thing or person]; as also ↓ خَلَآءُ, (S, Msb,) which, being [originally] an inf. n., has no dual nor pl. [nor fem.]; (S;) and ↓ خِلْوٌ. (Msb.) You say, مِنْ هٰذَا ↓ أَنْتَ خَلِىٌّ الأَمْرِ and خَالٍ, i. e. Thou art free from this thing, or affair. (TA.) And مِنَ الهَمِّ ↓ أَنَا خَلِىٌّ, meaning خَالٍ [i. e. I am free from anxiety]. (Mgh.) And مِنْ كَذَا ↓ أَنَا خِلْوٌ, meaning خَالٍ

[i. e. I am free from such a thing]: (S:) and هُمَا خِلْوٌ, and هُمْ خِلْوٌ; and some say, هُمَا خِلْوَانِ, and هُمْ أَخْلَآءٌ, which is not proper. (T, TA.) and مِنْ مُصِيبَتِى ↓ أَنْتَ خِلْوٌ Thou art free in mind from my affliction, or misfortune. (TA from a trad.) And مِنْكَ ↓ أَنَا خَلِىٌّ I am clear, or quit, of thee. (S.) And ↓ أَنَا مِنْكَ خَلَآءٌ signifies the same. (S.) And ↓ نَحْنُ مِنْكَ الخَلَآءُ and البَرَآءُ [q. v.] We are clear, or quit, of you. (Fr, T in art. برأ.) And مِنْ هٰذَا الأَمْرِ ↓ أَنْتَ خَلَآءٌ Thou art clear, or quit, of this affair. (TA.) and ↓ أَنَا مِنْ هٰذَا الأَمْرِ كَفَالِجِ بْنِ خَلَاوَةَ [lit. I am, with respect to this affair, like Fálij Ibn-Kha- láweh], (S,) or فَالِجُ بْنُ خَلَاوَةَ, (so in the JK and K in this art., and in the S and K in art. فلج,) meaning بَرِىْءٌ [i. e. I am clear, or quit, of this affair]: (JK, S, K:) a saying originating from its being asked of Fálij Ibn-Khaláweh, on the day of Er-Rakam, when Uneys killed the captives, “Dost thou,” or “ wilt thou,” “ aid Uneys? ” and his answering, “I am clear,” or “ quit,” “ of him. ” (S and K in art. فلج.) And ↓ خَلِىٌّ [alone] signifies خَالٍ مِنَ الهَمِّ [Free from anxiety]; contr. of شَجِىٌّ. (S.) It is said in a prov., وَيْلٌ

↓ لِلشَّجِىِّ مِنَ الخَلِىِّ, i. e. Woe to him who is occupied by anxiety from him who is free therefrom: (TA:) and in another, مَا يَلْقَى الشَّجِىُّ

↓ مِنَ الخَلِىِّ, i. e. What will he who is occupied by anxiety experience from him who is free therefrom? meaning, accord. to AO, that the latter will not aid the former against his anxieties, but will censure him: it is said in the Tekmileh that الخَلِىّ [in these provs.] is from خَلَاهُ الحُزْنُ meaning “ Grief passed away from him,” and “ quitted him. ” (Har p. 590.) And ↓ أَنْتِ خَلِيَّةٌ means خَالِيَةٌ مِنَ الخَيْرِ [i. e. Thou, O woman, art devoid, or destitute, of good]. (Mgh.) b3: Also A man having no wife; (S, K;) [for خَالٍ مِنَ الزَّوَجَاتِ, a phrase occurring in the TA:] and a woman having no husband; (K;) thus without ة: (TA:) pl. أَخْلَآءٌ: (K:) and ↓ خِلْوَةٌ, also, has the latter meaning; dual خِلْوَتَانِ, and pl. خِلْوَاتٌ: and so has ↓ مُخْلِيَةٌ: and ↓ خَلِيَّةٌ means a woman having no husband nor children; pl. خَلِيَّاتٌ. (TA.) b4: [And Alone; as also ↓ مُخْلٍ, and ↓ خِلْوٌ.] It is said in a prov., أَشَدُّ ↓ الذِّئْبُ مُخْلِيًا The wolf when [alone or] in a vacant place [is most courageous, or violent]; (TA;) or خَالِيًا [which means the same]. (JK. [And another reading is أَسَدٌ. See Freytag's Arab. Prov., i. 500.]) And one says, ↓ وَجَدْتُ فُلَانَةَ مُخْلِيَةً, meaning خَالِيَةً [i. e. I found such a woman alone]. (TA.) And ↓ وَجَدَهُمَا خِلْوَيْنِ i. e. خَالِيَيْنِ [He found them two alone]. (K.) b5: [Also Past, or past away: as well as going, going away, or passing away.] القُرُونُ خَالِيَةُ means[The generations] that have passed. (JK, S, TA.) مُخْلٍ, and its fem. مُخْلِيَةٌ: see خَالٍ, in six places.

A2: لَسْتُ لَكَ بِمُخْلِيَةٍ, occurring in a trad., means I did not find thee destitute of wives beside me: it is not from اِمْرَأَةٌ مُخْلِيَةٌ signifying

“ a woman having no husband. ” (TA.) مِخْلَآءٌ A she-camel left alone, away from her young one. (IDrd, JK.) مُخَلًّى pass. part. n. of 2. (S, TA.) b2: Left, permitted, or allowed. (M in art. بسل.) مُخَالٍ [act. part. n. of 3, q. v.]. Accord. to IAar, it signifies Contending with another in war. (TA in art. خلأ.) مُسْتَخْلٍ Devoting himself to religious services or exercises [app. in solitude or seclusion, or in a خَلْوَة; or because one generally does so in solitude; or because the doing so involves abstraction from other affairs: see also 1 and 5]. (TA.)