شحط

1 شَحَطَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. شَحْطٌ (S, K) and شَحَطٌ (K) and شُحُوطٌ (S, K) and مَــشْحَطٌ; (K;) and شَحِطَ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. شَحَطٌ; (TA;) It was, or became, distant, or remote: (S, K:) or شَحْطٌ and شَحَطٌ signify the being distant, or remote, in all states or circumstances. (TA.) You say, شَحَطَ المَزَارُ The place of visiting was, or became, distant, or remote. (S.) And لَا أَنْسَاكَ عَلَى شَحْطِ الدَّارِ I will not forget thee notwithstanding the distance of the dwelling. (TA.) And El-'Ajjáj says, وَالــشَّحْطُ قَطَّاعُ رَجَآءِ مَنْ رَجَا [And distance is the severer of the hope of him who hopeth]. (TA.) b2: شَحَطَ فِى السَّوْمِ He went far, or far from what was right, and exceeded the due limit, in the demanding of a price. (TA.) b3: Hence, (TA,) شَحَطَ البَعِيرَ فِى السَّوْمِ, (K, TA, [in the CK, and in a MS. copy of the K, البّعِيرُ,]) aor. ـَ inf. n. شَحْطٌ, (TA,) He went to the utmost of the value of the camel in the demanding of a price: (K, TA:) or he went far from what was right, and exceeded the due limit: (K:) and شَحِطَ signifies the same; (K;) or is thought to do so by ISd. (TA.) Hence, also, what is said in a trad., by Rabee'ah, respecting a man emancipating a portion of a slave: يَكُونُ عَلَى

المُعْتِقِ قِيمَةُ أَنْصِبَآءِ شُرَكَآئِهِ يُــشْحَطُ الثَّمَنُ ثُمَّ يُعْتِقُ كُلَّهُ [The value of the portions of his copartners shall be imposed upon the emancipater;] the price of the slave shall be carried to the utmost; [then he shall emancipate the whole of him:] or the meaning is, the price of the slave shall be collected; from شَحَطَ الإِنَآءَ, which see below. (TA.) b4: شَحَطَ فُلَانًا He preceded, outwent, got before, or passed beyond, such a one, and became far from him: (K, TA:) and in like manner, الخَيْلَ [the horses, or horsemen]. (T, TA.) One says also, شَحَطَــتْ بَنُو هَاشِمٍ العَرَبَ The sons of Háshim surpassed, and outstripped, the Arabs [in general] in excellence. (TA.) A2: شَحَطَ الإِنَآءَ He filled the vessel. (Fr, K.) A3: See also 5.2 شحّطــهُ, inf. n. تَشْحِيطٌ, (S, K,) He made him (a slain man) to struggle, or flounder, بِدَمِهِ in his blood: (S:) or he besmeared, bedawbed, befouled, or defiled, him, بِالدَّمِ with blood. (K.) 4 اشحطــهُ He made him, or caused him, to be, or become, distant, or remote; he put him, sent him, or removed him, far away. (S, K.) 5 تــشحّط He (a slain man) struggled, or floundered, بِدَمِهِ in his blood: (S:) and ↓ شَحْطٌ [inf. n. of شَحَطَ] also signifies the struggling, or floundering, in blood: (Lth, ISd, K:) or the former signifies he struggled, or floundered, and rolled, or wallowed, فِى دَمِهِ in his blood: (TA:) or became besmeared, bedawbed, befouled, or defiled, (Mgh, K,) and he rolled, or wallowed, (Mgh,) or struggled, or floundered, (K,) فِى دَمِهِ in his blood. (Mgh, K. *) And It (the fœtus) struggled, or floundered, فِى السَّلَى in the membrane enclosing it. (K.) شَحَّاطٌ: see what next follows.

مَنْزِلٌ شَاحِطٌ A distant, or remote, place of abode; as also ↓ شَحَّاطٌ. (TA.) b2: شَوَاحِطُ الأَوْدِيَةِ, [the former word being pl. of شَاحِطَةٌ,] The distant, or remote, parts of the valleys. (TA.) شَوْحَطٌ Certain trees, (K,) a species of the trees of the mountains, (S,) meaning of the mountains of the سَرَاة, [the mountain-range extending from near 'Arafát to Nejrán in El-Yemen,] for there they grow, (TA,) of which bows are made: (S, K:) AHn says, One acquainted with [the kind of trees called] the شوحط has informed me that it grows in the manner of the أَرْز [or pine-tree], many rods growing from one stem; its leaves are thin and long, and it has a fruit like the long grape, [the word here rendered “ grape ” is عنبة, but it has been altered in the MS., and may therefore be incorrect,] except that its extremity is more slender, and it is soft, and is eaten: (TA:) or i. q. نَبْعٌ: (IB:) or a species of the نَبْع, (K,) of which bows are made: (TA:) or the شوحط and نبع and شِرْيَان are one; the name varying according to the excellence of their places of growth; what is upon the summit of the mountain being called نبع; what is upon its base, or foot, or lowest or lower part, شريان; and what is in the depressed tract by its base, شوحط: (Mbr, Az, K:) IB says the same with respect to the نبع, but that the شوحط is that which is upon the lowest part of the mountain; and this is confirmed by what is said by Az and others: El-Ghanawee El-Aarábee says, the نبع and شوحط and سَرَآء are one: as to the شريان, no one holds it to be of the نبع except Mbr: Aboo-Ziyád says that bows are made of the شريان, and they are good, but of a black colour tinged with redness: and AHn says in one place, that the نبع and شوحط are yellow in the wood, heavy in the hand; and when they become old, they become red: (TA:) the n. un. is with ة. (K.)

غرِق: غَرِق: غار ورسب في الماء: ويقال: غرق المركب. (بوشر).
غَرِق، مجازاً: استغرق، شغف، شغل. يقال مثلا: غارق في تأمُل الأمور الإلهية، وغرق في النوم. (بوشر).
غَرِق صَدْوُره: تستعمل مجازاً بمعنى أن صدره غمرته الدموع عند البكاء. ففي ألف ليلة (1: 45) بكى بكاءً شديداً حتى غَرِق صدره.
عرِق: توحَّل، ساح في الوحل. (معجم الادريسي، معجم مسلم، أخبار ص9) = (المقري 1: 163، أخبار ص31).
غَرَّق (بالتشديد) غرق الماءُ الأراضي: غمرها (بوشر).
غُرَّق الموكبَ: أغرقه وغطّسه. (بوشر).
غرَّق: هدّم، خرّب. (بوشر).
غَرَّق في: رمى في هاوية، ألقي في هاوية، وورَّط في. (بوشر).
غَرَّق في الدم: ضرَّج، خضَّب. (بوشر).
غَرَّق فلاناً: جعله يغطس في الرمل والوحِل ويطمس فيها. (ياقوت 3: 162).
تغرَّق: انغمر، تغطس. (فوك، المعجم اللاتيني - العربي) تغرَّق، يقال مجازا: متغرق في بحر الأفكار، أي غارق في أفكاره، متعمق في تأملاته. (بوشر).
استغرق: استوعب. ومجازاً بمعنى شغل وشغف واستولى عليه الحال، ففي رياض النفوس (ص96 و) في كلامه عن صوفي: ثم استغرقه الحالُ. وفي كتاب الخطيب (ص34 ق) مع استغراق أوقاته.
استغرق: شغف، انصرف إلى. يقال مثلا: مستغرق في تأمل الأمور الإلهية.
استغرق: استثقل، انغمر. يقال مثلا: استغرق في النوم. (دي ساسي طرائف 1: 36).
شغل فكره بالتأمل. ففي مملوك (2، 2: 100) الغالب على الشيخ الاستغراق والغيبة.
استغرق: أغمى عليه، فقد الوعي (انظره في مادة غارق) وفي ألف ليلة (1: 803) فهو تارة يفيق وتارة يستغرق.
استغرق في: أوغل في البلاد. (ألف ليلة 1: 384).
استغرق: اشبع حاجات الناس واستجاب لرغباتهم. فالشاعر يقول:
مستغرق لُمنَى العافِينَ نائلُه
(معجم مسلم). وفي ملَر (ص34): وخزائنها تستغرق بطَوال الأعمار. أي أن خزائنها تحوي ما يكفي كفاية واسعة طول العمر، وفي مخطوطة أخرى في الاسكوريال قابل نصوصها السيد لافونيت بطلب مني: بطُول.
استغرق، لا يقال: استغرق في الضَّحِك فقط، بل استغرق ضَحِكاً ايضا (الخطيب ص22 ق) استغرق. مستغرق الذمة. (المقري 1: 467) ولم يتضح لي معناها.
غَرَق: انهيار التربة. (ألكالا).
غرق الأراضي: فيضان، طوفان. (بوشر).
غَرْقَة: غرق، طوفان عظيم. (بوشر) غَرْفَة عند البربر: وحل، طين، وَحِل، حمأة. (معجم الادريسي، شيرب، دلابورت ص40، مارتن ص170، هلو).
غَرْقان: غريق. (بوشر).
غَرْقان: غَرِق، موشك على الغَرَق (بوشر).
غرقان دم: مضَرّج بالدم. مُدَمَّى. متــشحط بالدم. (بوشر).
غَرِيق: عميق بعيد الغور. يقال: محيط غرقان (هلو) (المقدمة 3: 382) ومقعر، مجوّف (هلو).
غَرِيق: غارق، غائر في الماء وراسب فيه، وجمعه غُرَقاء. (بوشر).
اتفَق عليه سُكْر غريق: سكر حتى فقد وعيه (شكوري ص194 ق).
غَرِيق: عامية غَرَق (محيط المحيط).
غروقة: حِكْر. إجارة طويلة الأمد. وصاحب غروقة: صاحب الحكر. المستأجر إجارة طويلة الأمد (بوشر) وانظر مادة غورق.
غارِق. غارق في عرقه: سابح في عرقه، مبلّل في عرقه، ينضح عرقاً. (بوشر).
غارِق. غارق في البُحران: فاقد الوعي، مغمى عليه. (بوشر).
إغْراق: إسهاب في الكلام، مبالغة، مغالاة. إفراط. (بوشر).
إغْراق: غُلّو. (ميهرن بلاغة ص12).
مَغْرَق: مَوْحِل، مستنقع. (ألكالا).
مَغْرُوق: مليء بالوحل. (ألكالا).
استغراق: موهبة غير محدودة، ملكة مطلقة. (رولاند) وقد كتبها استعراق بالعين وهو خطأ.

سر

ى1 سَرَى, (S, M, K,) or سَرَى اللَّيْلَ (Msb) and بِاللَّيْلِ, (Mgh, Msb,) aor. ـْ (K,) inf. n. سُرًى (S, M, Mgh, K) and مَسْرًى (S, K) and سَرْيَةٌ and سُرْيَةٌ (M, K) and سِرَايَةٌ; (S, * and TA as from the K, but not in the CK nor in my MS. copy of the K;) the first of a form rare among inf. ns., because it is one of the forms of pls., as is shown by the fact that some of the Arabs make it and هُدًى fem., namely, Benoo-Asad, supposing them to be pls. of سُرْيَةٌ and هُدْيَةٌ, (S,) and Lh knew not سُرًى but as a fem. noun; (M;) or the inf. n. is سَرْىٌ, and سُرْيَةٌ and سَرْيَةٌ are more special [in meaning, as will be shown below, voce سَرْيَةٌ], and سُرًى is pl. of سُرْيَةٌ; (Msb;) or سَرْيَةٌ is an inf. n. un., and سُرْيَةٌ is a simple subst., and so is سُرًى, (S, TA,) and so is سِرَايَةٌ (Msb, TA) also, as some say; (TA;) He journeyed, or travelled, by night, or in the night, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) in a general sense; (M, K;) accord. to Az, in the first part part of the night, and in the middle thereof, and in the last part thereof; (Msb, TA;) and ↓ اسرى signifies the same (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K) in the dial. of El-Hijáz, (S, Msb,) inf. n. إِسْرَآءٌ; (M;) as also ↓ استرى; (M, K;) and perhaps ↓ تسرّى likewise. (Mgh.) [See also سُرًى and سَرْيَةٌ below.] It is said in a prov., ذَهَبُوا إِسْرَاءَ ↓ قُنْفُذٍ‏ [They went away in the manner of a hedge-hog's night-travelling; meaning they went away by night]; because the قنفذ goes all the night, not sleeping. (M.) b2: [Hence, as denoting unseen progress,] it is said also of the root of a tree, meaning It crept along beneath the ground; (Az, M, K;) aor. as above, (M,) inf. n. سَرْىٌ. (TA.) b3: And it is said of ideal things, as being likened to corporeal things; tropically, and by extension of the signification; (Msb, TA;) or metaphorically; [as, for instance,] of calamities, and wars, and anxieties: (M, TA:) and the predominant inf. ns. [in these cases] are سِرَايَةٌ and سَرَيَانٌ. (TA.) One says, سَرَى عِرْقُ السُّوْءِ فِى الإِنْسَانِ (tropical:) [The root, or strain, of evil crept in the man]. (Es-Sarakustee, Msb, TA.) And سَرَى فِيهِ السَّمُّ (tropical:) [The poison crept in him, or pervaded him]; and similarly one says of wine; and of the like of these two things. (El-Fárábee, Msb, TA. [See also دَبَّ.]) And the lawyers say, سَرَى الجُرْحُ إِلَى النَّفْسِ (tropical:) [The wound extended to the soul], meaning that the pain of the wound continued until death ensued in consequence thereof: (Mgh, * Msb, TA:) and قُطِعَ كَفُّهُ فَسَرَى إِلَى سَاعِدِهِ (tropical:) [His hand was cut off, and it extended to his upper arm], meaning that the effect of the wound passed by transmission: and سَرَى التَّحْرِيمُ, and العِتْقُ, (tropical:) The prohibition, and the emancipation, [extended, or] passed by transmission: phrases current among the lawyers, but not mentioned in books of repute, though agreeable with others here preceding and following. (Msb, TA.) One says also, سَرَى عَلَيْهِ الهَمُّ (tropical:) Anxiety came to him [or upon him] by night: and سَرَى هَمُّهُ (tropical:) His anxiety went away. (Msb, TA.) and similar to these is the phrase in the Kur [lxxxix. 3], وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَسْرِ (tropical:) And by the night when it goes away: (Msb, TA:) or, as some say, when one journeys in it; like as one says لَيْلٌ نَائِمٌ meaning “ night in which one sleeps: ” the [final] ى [of the verb] is elided because it terminates a verse. (TA.) b4: It is made trans. by means of ب: (Msb:) one says, سَرَى بِهِ [He made him to journey, or travel, or he transported him, by night, or in the night; or it may be rendered he journeyed, or travelled, with him, by night, or in the night]; (M, Msb, K;) and in like manner, [and more commonly,] بِهِ ↓ أَسْرَى; (S, M, Msb, K;) and ↓ أَسْرَاهُ; (S, M, K;) like as one says, أَخَذَ بِالخِطَامِ as well as اخذ الخِطَامَ. (S.) As to the saying in the Kur [17:1], سُبْحَانَ الَّذِى أَسْرَى بِعَبْدِهِ لَيْلًا [Extolled be the glory of Him who transported his servant by night!], it is an instance of corroboration, (S, K, * TA,) like the saying, سِرْتُ أَمْسِ نَهَارًا and البَارِحَةَ لَيْلًا: (S, TA:) or the meaning is [simply] سَيَّرَهُ: (K, TA:) accord. to 'Alam-ed-Deen Es-Sakháwee, لَيْلًا is added, although الإِسْرَآء is not otherwise than by night, because the space over which he was transported is not to be traversed in less than forty days, but was traversed by him in one night; as though the meaning [intended] were, فِى لَيْلٍ وَاحِدٍ; and it denotes wonder: لَيْلًا is here used instead of لَيْلَةً because when they say سَرَى لَيْلَةً the meaning generally is he occupied the whole of the night in journeying: Er-Rághib holds the verb in this instance to be from سَرَاةٌ signifying “ a wide tract of land,” to belong to art. سرو, and to be like أَجْبَلَ and أَتْهَمَ; the meaning being, who transported his servant over a wide tract of land: but this is strange. (TA.) A2: سَرَى مَتَاعَهُ, (M, K,) aor. ـْ (M, TA,) inf. n. سَرْىٌ, (TA,) He threw his goods, or utensils and furniture, upon the back of his beast. (M, K.) b2: And سَرَى عَنِّى الثَّوْبَ, inf. n. سَرْىٌ, He removed from over me the garment: but و is more approved [as the final radical: see 1 in art, سرو]. (M, TA.) You say, سَرَيْتُ الثَّوْبَ and ↓ سَرَّيْتُهُ I pulled off the garment: and عَنْهُ ↓ سُرِّىَ It was removed from over him, and removed from its place: the teshdeed denotes intensiveness. (TA.) 2 سرّى, (K,) or سرّى سَرِيَّةً, (TA,) inf. n. تَسْرِيَةٌ, He (the leader of an army, TA) detached a سَرِيَّة [q. v.] (K, TA) to the enemy by night. (TA.) b2: سرّى العَرَقَ عَنْ بَدَنِهِ, inf. n. as above, He exuded the sweat from his body. (TA.) b3: See also 1, last sentence, in two places.4 أَسْرَىَ see 1, in the former half of the paragraph, in two places: b2: and again, in the latter half, in three places. b3: See also 4 in art. سرو.5 تَسَرَّىَ see 1, first sentence.8 إِسْتَرَىَ see 1, first sentence.

سُرًى, [said by some to be an inf. n., by some to be a simple subst., and by some to be pl. of سُرْيَةٌ, or supposed to be so, and therefore made fem., as mentioned in the first sentence of this art.,] meaning A journeying, or travelling, by night, or in the night, in a general sense, is masc. and fem., (M, K,) by some of the Arabs made fem., (S,) and not known to Lh but as a fem. noun. (M.) It is said in a prov., عِنْدَ الصَّبَاحِ يَحْمَدُ القَوْمُ السُّرَى

[At daybreak, the party commend night-journeying]: applied to the man who endures difficulty, or distress, or fatigue, hoping for rest, or ease: (Meyd:) and in inciting to labour for the accomplishment of an affair with patience, and to dispose and subject the mind, until one commends the result thereof. (Har p. 555, q. v.) سَرَاةٌ: see art. سرو.

سَرْيَةٌ and ↓ سُرْيَةٌ are inf. ns. of سَرَى: (M, K:) or have a more special signification than the inf. n. of that verb, which is سَرْىٌ: one says, سَرَيْنَا سَرْيَةً مِنَ اللَّيْلِ and ↓ سُرْيَةً [We journeyed by night a journey of the night]: and the pl. of ↓ سُرْيَةٌ is [said to be] سُرًى: (Msb:) or one says, سَرَيْنَا سَرْيَةً وَاحِدَةً [We journeyed by night a single night-journey]: and the subst. [signifying a journeying, or travelling, by night, or in the night,] is ↓ سُرْيَةٌ, and سُرًى. (S, TA.) سُرْيَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in four places.

سِرْيَةٌ meaning An arrow-head, (As, M, TA,) such as is small, short, round and smooth, having no breadth, (M, TA,) is a dial. var. of سِرْوَةٌ [q. v.], (As, TA,) or formed from the latter word by the substitution of ى for و because of the kesreh: (M, TA:) accord. to the K, ↓ سَرِيَّةٌ signifies a small round arrow-head; but this is a mistake; the correct word being سِرْيَةٌ, with kesr, and without teshdeed to the ى. (TA.) A2: It is also a dial. var. of سِرْوَةٌ signifying The locust in its first state, when it is a larva. (S in art. سرو.) سَرَآءٌ A certain tree, (AHn, S, M, K,) from which bows are made, (AHn, S, M,) the wood whereof is of the best of woods, and which is of the trees of the mountains: (AHn, M:) ElGhanawee El-Aarábee says, the نَبْع and شَوْحَط [q. v.] and سَرَآء are one: (TA in art. شحط:) [it is also mentioned in the TA in art. سرأ:] n. un.

سَرَآءَةٌ. (M, K.) سَرِىٌّ i. q. نَهْرٌ [A river, &c.]: (Th, M:) or a rivulet, or streamlet: (S, M, Msb:) or a rivulet running to palm-trees: (M, K:) pl. [of pauc.]

أَسْرِيَةٌ (S, M, K) and [of mult.] سُرْيَانٌ: (Sb, S, M, Msb, K:) أَسْرِيَآءُ as its pl. has not been heard. (S.) Thus it has been expl. as occurring in the Kur xix. 24. (M, TA.) A2: See also art. سرو.

سَرِيَّةٌ A portion of an army: (S, Msb:) of the measure فَعِيلَةٌ in the sense of the measure فَاعِلَةٌ; because marching by night, privily; (Mgh, Msb;) thus originally, and afterwards applied also to such as march by day: (Ham p. 45:) or it may be from الاِسْتِرَآءُ “ the act of choosing, or selecting; ” because a company chosen from the army: (Mgh: [but if so, belonging to art. سرو:]) from five persons to three hundred: (M, K:) or four hundred: (K:) or, of horsemen, about four hundred: (M:) or the best thereof, (S,) or the utmost, (Nh,) consists of four hundred: (S, Nh:) or, accord. to the “ Fet-h el-Bári,” from a hundred to five hundred: (TA:) or nine, and more than this; three, and four, and the like being termed طَلِيعَةٌ, not سَرِيَّةٌ: but it is related of the Prophet that he sent a single person as a سَرِيَّة: (Mgh:) the pl. is سَرَايَا (S, Msb) and سَرِيَّاتٌ. (Msb.) A2: See also سِرْيَةٌ.

سِرَايَةٌ A journeying, or travelling, by night, or in the night: (S, Msb, TA:) an inf. n.; (TA as from the K; [see 1, first sentence;]) or a simple subst. (Msb, TA.) سَرَيَانِىٌّ, from the inf. n. سَرَيَانٌ, Pervasive: occurring in philosophical works, and probably post-classical.]

السُّرْيَانِيَّةُ The Syriac language.]

سَرَّآءٌ One who journeys much, or often, by night. (K.) سَارٍ Journeying, or travelling, by night, or in the night, in a general sense: (M, TA: *) pl. سُرَاةٌ. (TA.) b2: Hence, because of his going [about] by night, (TA,) السَّارِى signifies The lion; as also ↓ المُسَارِى and ↓ المُسْتَرِى. (K, TA.) سَارِيَةٌ A party, or company of men, journeying by night. (Er-Rághib, TA.) b2: And A cloud that comes by night: (S, Msb:) or clouds that travel by night: (K:) or a cloud that is between that which comes in the early morning and that which comes in the evening: [perhaps thus termed as having previously travelled in the night:] or, accord. to Lh, a rain that comes in the night: (M, TA:) pl. سَوَارِى [app. a mistranscription for سَوَارٍ, being indeterminate]. (K, TA.) b3: One says, جَآءَ صَبِيحَةَ سَارِيَةٍ He came in the morning of a night in which was rain. (TA.) b4: and the pl. السَّارِيَاتُ signifies The asses: (M:) or the wild asses: (TA:) because they rest not by night: (M:) or because they pasture by night. (TA.) A2: Also A column, syn. أُسْطُوَانَةٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) of stone, or of baked bricks; so in the “ Bári': ” (TA:) pl. سَوَارٍ. (Mgh.) b2: [And A mast: see حَنَّ and صَرَّ: and see also صَارِيَةٌ.]

أَسْرَى [More, and most, used to night-journeying]. أَسْرَى مِنْ قُنْفُذٍ [More used to go about by night than a hedge-hog] is a prov. of the Arabs. (TA.) [See also the same word in art. سرو.]

مَسْرًى may be a n. of place and a n. of time, [signifying A place, and a time, of night-journeying,] as well as an inf. n. (Ham p. 23.) It is [used also in a larger sense, as] syn. with مَذْهَبٌ [A place, and a time, of going &c.: a way by which one goes &c.]. (Har p. 540.) المُسَارِى: see سَارٍ, above.

المُسْتَرَى: see سَارٍ, above.

المُتَسَرِّى He who goes forth in, or among, the [company termed] سَرِيَّة. (IAth, TA.)