حرف: حرف. حرف المزاج، انحرفت صحته وتوعكت (بوشر) ويقال: حرف على فلان توعكت صحته ومالت عن الاعتدال (زيشر 20: 209) بتقدير المزاج.
حرَّف (بالتشديد). إن العبارة الواردة في المقدمة (2: 195): لم يصح منها قول إلا على تأويل تحرّفه العامة. وهذا يعني: إن هذه القصيدة ليست فيها أية نبوءة إلا إذا أوَّلت تأويلاً تعسفياً كما تفعل العامة. وعلى الرغم من أن المؤلف أراد أن يقول هذه غير أنه أخطأ في التعبير عنه بقوله: حرَّف تأويلاً.
حرف المزاج: أخل بصحته (فوك).
وحرَّف: ضلع الماسة، قطعها أضلاعا (ألكالا) والمصدر منه تحريف (بوشر).
مُحرَّف: مضلَّع.
وحرَّف: اختلس، سل، نشل، سرق ففي المعجم اللاتيني - العربي ( Abstuli) انزِع وأحَرَّف) (ألكالا): سرق وبخاصة المواشي (وفيه: تحريف الغنم: سرقتها) وسرق الأشياء المقدسة (ألكالا) وفيه تحريف سرقة المقدسات.
وفي مجم فوك وردت في مادة: مهارة ( Artificium) ومادة ( Indignari) وفي المعجم اللاتيني- العربي: ( Arto) ( أي Arcto) : أضيق وأحَرِّف. وانظر: حارف.
حارف. وحارف وحارف به: كافأه، أعطاه شيئاً جزاء له. ففي ألف ليلة (1: 60): هل معك شيء تحارفنا به، أي هل معك كمن الدراهم ما تكافئنا به؟.
وحارف المرأة: تظاهر بالتظرف لها. (ألف ليلة برسل 11: 363) ومصدر حارف بهذا المعنى حِراف (ألف ليلة برسل 11: 347) حيث نجد فيه مالك بالحراف: لم تتظاهر بالتظرف والغزل؟.
ويذكر ميهرن (ص27): حرَّف وحارَف بمعنى: لاطف ودلَّل وتظرَّف. وحارف: أحتال، خاتل، وفي معجم بوشر محارفة: احتيال، مكر، ومكيدة، حيلة، خديعة.
وفي محيط المحيط: المحارفة في المعاملة الاحتيال طمعا.
محارَّف: مخدوع، مخاتل، مغشوش، (زيشر 20: 494) غير أن كلمة جرَّاف قد تستعمل بمعنى الخديعة والمخاتلة (زيشر 20: 494 رقم 2، 495 رقم1).
تحرَّف. تحرَّف المزاج: توعكت الصحة وانحرفت عن الاعتدال (فوك).
تحارف عليه: ماكره، وداهنه، واحتال عليه (بوشر) وفي محيط المحيط: تحارف عليه في البيع وغيره احتال.
انحرف، انحرف النجم: مال إلى الزوال (بوشر).
وانحرف: اعوجَّ، مال (بوشر).
بانحراف: باعوجاج، بميل (ابن العوام 1: 531) حيث عليك أن تقرأ وفقا لما جاء في مخطوطة ليدن: وَلْيَكُنْ ترتيبهم واحدا أمام واحد بانحراف.
وانحرف عن الاعتدال: ابتعد عن كبد الوسط (المقدمة 1: 150).
وانحرف وحدها تدل على نفس المعنى.
والمصدر انحراف يمكن أن يترجم (بما معناه) الطرف، أقصى حد. كما فعل دي سلان. انظر المقدمة (1: 148) وفيها: (المنحرف ضد المعتدل)، (149، 150،151، 152، 158 الخ).
وفي المقري (1: 152) وكتائب من البربر منحرفة الطباع خارجة عن الأوضاع.
وانحراف: غرابة في القول أو العمل تدعو إلى الهزء والسخرية (المقري 2: 509).
وانحرف: انظر: انحراف.
احترف: صرف ذهنه وفطنته في التفتيش عن وسائل النجاح (بوشر).
حَرْف: ساحل البحر. (بوشر).
على حرْف الحانوت: على مقدّم الحانوت (مارتن ص32).
وحرف: مقطع لفظي، جزء كلمة (ألكالا).
وحروف (عند أهل الجبر): علامات الترقيم (المقدمة 3: 96) مع التعليق في الترجمة (3: 134).
علم الحرف: علم الجفر، وهو طريقة سحرية تقوم على التصرف بحروف الهجاء العربية في المربعات السحرية (الجريدة الآسيوية 1865، 2: 382، 1866، 1: 313).
وحَرْف: مدار، محور، قطب (الأدريسي ص183، ابن صاحب الصلاة) وفي كتاب الإسطرلاب (مخطوطة 556 (2) الفصل الأول): حرف العضادة لذي تستعمله في جميع الأعمال هو: حرفها المار بمركز الإسطرلاب المنطبق على كل واحد من الخَطَّين المتقاطعين على ظهره وكذلك في كتاب الفعلي على الإسطرلاب (ومخطوطة 591 (4)) الذي استعمل أيضا عبارة العضادة المحرَّفة.
وحرف عند صناع حرائم الحرير (قيطان) لابد انم يدل على معنى غير أني أجهله (انظر في مادة سُبُك).
حَرْف: جرجير، قرة العين ونجد في معجم المنصوري: حرف بابلي وهو الأحمر وهو الأجود، أما الأبيض فإن معظم المعاصرين يرون إنه حرف السطوح ويقولون إنه الحرف البابلي وهذا ما جاء في ابن البيطار (1: 301) وهو خطأ.
حرف السطوح: نبات اسمه العلمي: ( Thlaspi bursa pastoris) ( ابن البيطار 1: 301) حرف مشرقي: نبات اسمه العلمي ( Dirm draba) ( ابن البيطار 1: 301).
حرف الماء: نبات اسمه العلمي: ( Cardamine pratesis) ( ابن البيطار 1: 302).
حَرِف: حِرِّيف (باين سميث 1384).
جِرْفة: جماعة، طائفة، أهل الحرفة.
وأهل الحرف: أصحاب الصنائع (بوشر).
ويظهر إنها عنده حُرْفة وهو يذكر لهذا أن جمعها حُرف.
حرفة الأدب: معناه اللفظي تعاسة أو بؤس التأديب أي عبرة أو أمثولة البؤس والتعاسة.
وهو تعبير استعمله الثعلبي في اليتيمة في كلامة عن الشاعر أبي فراس بن حمدان حيث يقول: ((لما أدركت أبا فراس حرفة الأدب أسرته الروم)).
وتستعمل أيضاً بمعنى الموت العاجل قبل الأوان (دي سلان ترجمة ابن خلكان 2: 45، رقم 6) وفي بيت ألف ليلة (1: 22) عليك أن تقرأ فيما أرى: حِرْفة الدهر بدل حُرفة.
حَرْفِي: موصول حرفي: حرف العطف (بوشر).
حِرْفِيّ: صاحب الحرفة، محترف، صانع (فوك).
حريف: عميل، زبون، مشتري (هلو) وفي رياض النفوس (ص28و): وصاحب الحانوت إنما هو بالحُرَفاء فإذا جاءك حريفك اليوم فلم يجدك - أستبدل بك غيرك.
وحريف: محب، خليل (ميهرن ص27، ألف ليلة) (برسل 9: 142، 151، 12: 400).
حرافة: حمازة، حدة، وهي حِرافة بالكسر وليست حَرافة بالفتح كما هو عند فريتاج ولين .. ففي مخطوطة جيدة لكتاب ابن الجوزي الذي يقول في كلامه عن الجبن القديم: وكُلَّما اشتدت حِرافته كان أَضَرَّ وكذلك مخطوطة أمن ابن البيطار.
وتطلق الحرافة مجازا على الرائحة (معجم المنصوري).
وحرافة: حمازة، وحدة تصيب أعضاء الجسم الملتهبة، التهاب، ففي شكوري (ص187 ق) وكان خِلط هذا الورم يقتضي العِدَّة والحرِارفة. وفي (ص209 ق) منه: الحادث عن حرارة وحرافة. وقد ضبط الحرف الأول من الكلمة بالكسر دائما في هذه المخطوطة الجيدة.
وحرافة: براعة، حذاقة، مهارة (بوشر).
حروفة: حرافة (باين سميث 1384).
حَرَّاف: سارق، لص (فوك) وقد أخطأ الناشر (ص28) حين أراد أن يغير هذه الكلمة، ففي معجم ألكالا أيضا: حرّاف الغنم أي سارق الماشية. (قارن هذا بما جاء في مادة حَرّف).
أحرْف: أحمق شديد الحماقة (زيشر 20: 495) وقد ترجمها دي غوية بكلمة ( Hals) وهي يعني بالهولندية أحمق غير ان ناشر المجلة الذي لم يفهمها قد بدَّلها ب ( Betriger) أي ماكر مخادع وهذا يدل على ضد المعنى وقد صحَّح فليشر (زيشر 21: 275) هذا الخطأ غير أنه لم يعرف اصل الكلمة.
مُحَرَّف: انظرها في حَرْف.
مُحَرِّف: كاسر الأشعة، سبب انكسار الأشعة أو انحرافها.
انحراف: حيدان مركب عن طريقه، وهو من مصطلح البحرية (بوشر).
وانحراف الشعاع: انكسار الشعاع (بوشر).
انحرافي: منحرف مائل.
مُنْحَرِف أو شبيه بالمنحرف: شكل ذو أربعة أضلاع ضلعان منها متوازيان (بوشر).
ساعة منحرفة: ميناء ساعة عمودية (بوشر).
العضادة المنحرفة: عضادة الإسطرلاب وهي المسطرة المتحركة في الإسطرلاب الذي قطعوا جزء من المعدن من طرفيه (ووبك في الاصطرلابات العربية في برلين ص3).
حرفش: حَرْفَشَة: غلظ، فظاظة، قلة التهذيب، حالة الرجل من سفلة الناس (مملوك 1،2: 197).
حَرْفُوش، يجمع على حَرَافِيش وحَرَافِشَة رجل من سفلة الناس (مملوك 1، 2: 195 - 197) وحرافيش: سفلة الناس وأرذلهم (بوشر، ابن بطوطة 1: 36، 4: 318) ولابد من إثبات هذه الكلمة عبد ابن الخطيب (ص135ق) بدل حدفوش، ففيه كان شيطانا ذميما الخلق حدفوشاً وصوابه: دميم الخلق حرفوشاً.
وفي ألف ليلة (برسل 4: 138، 139) نجد صواب الكلمة في ص139 و140) وقد علّق هابيشت على هذه الكلمة تعليقا سخيفا (معجم الترجمة 4 ص28) ولم يصحح فليشر ما في هذا التعليق من خطأ.
وفي معجم ألكالا تقابل هذه الكلمة لفظة ( Roncero) وهي لفظة يستعملها بمعنى لم أجده في المعاجم وهو متشرد متسكع لأنه يترجم أيضاً ( Roncero) بكلمة زُلاّع، التي هي عنده أيضاً ( Mostenco o mostreno) (= متلوف) معناها متشرد متسكع.

حرف

1 حَرَفَ الشَّىْءَ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ, (AO, S, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (Msb,) or ـِ (K,) inf. n. حَرْفٌ, (S, Msb,) He turned the thing from its proper way, or manner: (K:) or altered it therefrom: (Msb:) and ↓ حرّفهُ, inf. n. تَحْرِيفٌ, has this latter meaning: (K, * TA:) or has an intensive signification of this kind. (Msb.) الكَلِمِ عَنْ ↓ تَحْرِيفُ مَوَاضِعِهِ signifies The altering words from their proper meanings: (S, * TA:) and agreeably with this explanation, the verb is used in the Kur iv. 48, &c.: (TA:) or تحريف signifies the perverting of language: (Msb:) or the altering a word in form; as in writing بُرْدٌ for بَرْدٌ; or vice versâ: (KT:) [and the mistranscribing a word in any manner: commonly used in this sense in the lexicons &c.: or the altering a word by substituting one letter, or more, for another, or others. See also صَحَّفَ.]

A2: See also 7.

A3: حَرَفَ لِعِيَالِهِ, (Msb, K,) aor. ـِ (As, S, K,) or ـُ (Msb,) He earned or gained [subsistence], or laboured to do so, for his family, or household, (As, S, Msb, K,) from this and that quarter; (As, S;) as also ↓ احترف: (Mgh, * Msb, TA:) and بِيَدَيْهِ ↓ احترف [he earned, or gained, with his hands]: and لِعِيَالِهِ ↓ تحرّف he applied himself to earn or gain [subsistence] for his family, or household, by means of any, or every, art or craft: (TA:) and ↓ احرف he laboured, or sought gain or sustenance, for his household, or family; expl. by كَدَّ عَلَى عِيَالِهِ. (IAar, K.) A4: حَرَفَ عَيْنُهُ, inf. n. حَرْفَةٌ, (K,) not an inf. n. of un., (TA,) He applied collyrium to his eye (K, TA) with the [style called] مِيل. (TA.) A5: حُرِفَ فِى مَالِهِ, inf. n. حَرْفَةٌ, He suffered the loss of somewhat of his property. (Lh, K.) 2 حَرَّفَ see 1, in two places. b2: [Hence,] طَاعُونٌ يُحَرِّفُ القُلُوبَ [A pestilence] causing the hearts [of those witnessing its effects] to turn away, and be aloof: (K:) occurring in a trad.: or, accord. to one relation, يُحَوِّفُ القلوب, (TA,) i. e., turning the hearts from confidence, and inclining them to removal and flight. (K and TA in art. حوف.) b3: تَحْرِيفُ القَلَمِ The nibbing the writing-reed obliquely; (S, * K, * TA;) making the right tooth of the nib higher [i. e. longer] than the left. (TA.) You say also, حَرَّفَ القَطَّةَ [He made the nibbing oblique]. (TA.) and حرّف السِّكِّينَ فِى حَالِ القَطِّ [He turned the knife obliquely in nibbing]. (TA.) b4: See also 7. b5: تَحْرِيفٌ also signifies The putting in motion, or into a state of commotion; syn. تَحْرِيكٌ. (TA.) b6: قَالَ بِيَدِهِ فَحَرَّفَهَا كَأَنَّهُ يُرِيدُ القَتْلَ, in a trad., means [He made a sign with his hand,] and imitated with it the cutting of a sword with its edge. (TA.) 3 حُورِفَ He was debarred from the means of subsistence; because he of whom this is said is aloof (بِحَرْفٍ) from the means of subsistence. (Mgh.) And حُورِفَ كَسْبُ فُلَانٍ Such a one was made to experience difficulty (S, TA) in his buying and selling, and was straitened (TA) in his means of subsistence; as though his means of subsistence were turned away from him: (S, TA:) or he had his gain, or earnings, turned away from him. (Msb.) It is said in a trad. of Ibn-Mes'ood, مَوْتُ المُؤْمِنِ عَرَقُ الجَبِينِ تَبْقَى عَلَيْهِ البَقِيَّةِمِنَ الذُّنُوبِ فَيُحَارِفُ بِهَا عِنْدَ المَوْتِ, i. e. [The death of the believer is accompanied with sweating of the side of the forehead: some sins remain chargeable against him, and] he is made to experience difficulty by them [in dying], in order that his sins may be diminished. (S.) A2: مُحَارَفَةٌ has also a meaning like مُفَاخَرَةٌ: Sá'ideh says, فَقَدْ عَلِمُوا فِى الغَزْوِ كَيْفَ نُحَارِفُ [And they certainly know, in warfare, how we vie for superiority in glory: or] accord. to Skr, it means how we deal with them; as when one says to a man, What is thy حِرْفَة (i. e. thine occupation) and thy lineage? (TA:) [or the meaning may be how we requite; for]

A3: حارفهُ بِسُوْءٍ signifies He requited him for evil (K, TA) that he had done. (TA.) And it is said in a trad., إِنَّ العَبْدِ لَيُحَارَفُ عَنْ عَمَلِهِ الخَيْرَ أَوْ الشَّرَّ, i. e. [Verily the servant] shall be requited [for his deed; the good I mean, or the evil]. (IAar, TA.) And ↓ احرف also signifies He requited for good or evil. (IAar, K.) A4: مُحَارَفَةٌ signifies also The measuring a wound with the مِحْرَاف, i. e. the probe. (K, * TA.) 4 احرف: see 1. b2: Also, (inf. n. إِحْرَافٌ, Msb,) His مال [or cattle] increased, and became in a good state or condition. (Az, S, Msb, K.) One says, جَآءَ بِالحَقِ وَالإِحْرَافِ, meaning He came with, or brought, much cattle. (Az, S. [See حِلْقٌ.]) A2: He emaciated, or rendered lean, a she-camel: so says As: others say احرث. (S.) [See حَرْفٌ: and see حَرِيثَةٌ.]

A3: See also 3, last sentence but one.5 تَحَرَّفَ see 7: b2: and see also 1.7 انحرف [It became turned, or altered, from its proper way, or manner; quasi-pass. of 1 in the first of the senses explained above: and] he turned aside; (Az, S, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ تحرّف; (Az, S, Mgh, K;) and ↓ احرورف; (Az, S, K;) and ↓ حَرَفَ, inf. n. حَرْفٌ; (TA;) عَنْهُ from it. (Az, S, Msb, TA.) [Hence,] one says, انحرف مِزَاجَهُ [His temperament, or constitution, became disordered]; as also ↓ حَرَّفَ, [app. a mistranscription for حُرِّفَ,] inf. n. تَحْرِيفٌ. (TA.) [And انحرف عَلَيْهِ He turned against him, with enmity, or anger.] And انحرف إِلَيْهِ He turned to, or towards, him, or it. (TA.) 8 إِحْتَرَفَ see 1, in two places.12 إِحْرَوْرَفَ see 7.

حَرْفٌ The extremity, verge, border, margin, brink, brow, side, or edge, (S, Mgh, * K, TA,) of anything; (S, K;) as, for instance, the side of a river or rivulet, and of a ship or boat, (TA,) and of the notch of an arrow; (Msb;) and the edge of a sword: (L, TA:) pl. [of mult. حُرُوفٌ, and of pauc.] أَحْرُفٌ. (TA.) Hence, (S,) [A point, a ridge, a brow, and a ledge, of a mountain:] the pointed, sharp, or edged, summit of a mountain: (S, Msb, K:) a projecting portion in the side of a mountain, in form like a small دُكَّان [i. e. bench] or the like: and a portion in the summit of a mountain, having a thin edge, or ridge, rising above the upper part of the back: (Sh, TA:) pl. (of the word thus used in relation to a mountain, TA) حِرَفٌ; (Fr, S, Msb, K;) accord. to Fr, (Msb,) the only instance of the kind except طِلَلٌ as pl. of طَلٌّ. (Msb, K.) [Hence, also,] A nib, of a writing-reed, obliquely cut: so in the phrase قَلَمٌ لَا حَرْفَ لَهُ, in the S and K in art. جزم, a writingreed not having a nib obliquely cut. (TA in that art. [See 2 in the present art.]) And حَرْفَا الرَّأْسِ The two lateral halves of the head. (TA.) [Hence, also, the phrase] فُلَانٌ عَلَى حَرْفٍ مِنْ

أَمْرِهِ [and بِحَرْفٍ مِنْهُ (see 3, first sentence,)] Such a one is [standing] aloof with respect to his affair, (عَلَى نَاحِيَةٍ مِنْهُ, ISd, TA,) [in suspense,] waiting, and looking to the result, if he see, in regarding it from one side, what he likes; (TA;) turning from it if he see what does not please him. (ISd, TA.) The saying, in the Kur xxii. 11, وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَعْبُدُ اللّٰهَ عَلَى حَرْفٍ means And of men is he who serves God standing aloof with respect to religion, in a fluctuating state, like him who is in the outskirts of the army, who, if sure of victory and spoil, stands firm, and otherwise flees: (Ksh, Bd: *) or the meaning is, who serves God in doubt, or suspense, (Zj, K, Jel,) being unsteady like him who alights and abides upon the حَرْف [i. e. point, or ridge, or brow,] of a mountain: (Jel:) or in a state of disquietude respecting his case; (Ibn-'Arafeh, K;) i. e. not entering into the religion firmly, or steadily: (K:) or who serves God in one mode of circumstances; i. e. when in ample circumstances, and not when straitened in circumstances; (Az, S, K;) as though good fortune and plenty were one side, and an evil state were another side: (Az, TA:) [hence,] حَرْفٌ sometimes signifies a mode, or manner, and a way. (Msb.) b2: A letter of the alphabet: pl. حُرُوفٌ: (S, Msb, K:) the letters being thus called because they are the extremities of the word [and of the syllable]. (Kull.) The saying of the lawyers, تُبْطَلُ الصَّلَاةَ بِحَرْفٍ مُفْهِمٍ [Prayer is made null by a significant letter] means only by an imperative of a verb of which the first and last radical letters are infirm; such as فِ from وَفَى, and قِ from وَقَى, and the like. (Msb.) b3: As a grammatical term, (assumed tropical:) [A particle; i. e.] what is used to express a meaning, and is not a noun nor a verb: every other definition of it is bad: (K:) pl. حُرُوفٌ. (Msb, &c.) b4: And (tropical:) A word [absolutely: often used in this sense in lexicons &c.]. (Kull.) b5: A dialect, an idiom, or a mode of expression, peculiar to certain of the Arabs: pl. [of pauc.]

أَحْرُفٌ: so in the saying (of Mohammad, TA) نَزَلَ القُرْآنُ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ أَحْرُفٍ The Kur-án has been revealed according to seven dialects, of the dialects of the Arabs: (A'Obeyd, Az, IAth, K:) or this means, according to seven modes, or manners, (Mgh, Msb,) of reading: whence فُلَانٌ يَقْرَأُ بِحَرْفِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ Such a one reads in the manner of reading of Ibn-Mes'ood. (Mgh.) A2: Applied to a she-camel, (assumed tropical:) Lean, or light of flesh; or lean, and lank in the belly; (S, K;) and firm, strong, or hardy; likened to the حَرْف of a mountain; (S;) or to the حرف of a sword, (Z, O, TA,) in respect of her leanness, or thinness, and her sharpness and effectiveness in pace; (Z, TA;) or to a letter of the alphabet, meaning the letter ا, in respect of her leanness: (TA:) or excellent, or high-bred, or strong and light and swift, sharp and effective in pace, rendered lean by journeyings; likened to the حرف of a sword: (L:) or emaciated: (S, K:) so As used to say: (S:) but this is inconsistent with Dhu-r-Rummeh's description of a she-camel by the epithets جُمَالِيَّةٌ حَرْفٌ سِنَادٌ: (TA:) [see حَرِيثَةٌ:] or [in the CK “ and ”] great; big; of great size; (K, TA;) likened to the حرف of a mountain: (TA:) it is applied only to a she-camel: one may not say جَمَلٌ حَرْفٌ. (IAar, TA.) حُرْفٌ and ↓ حِرْفَةٌ (S, K) and ↓ حُرْفَةٌ (Mgh, K) and ↓ حِرَافٌ (TA) Ill-fatedness; privation of prosperity; or the being denied prosperity; syn. حِرْمَانٌ [as inf. n. of حُرِمَ]: (K, TA:) lack of good fortune, so that one has no increase of his cattle or other property: (S:) debarment from the means of subsistence. (Mgh.) Hence the saying of 'Omar, أَحَدِهِمْ أَشَدُّ عَلَىَّ مِنْ عَيْلَتِهِ ↓ لِحِرْفَةُ, (S, K,) or, accord. to one reading, ↓ لَحُرْفَةُ, (TA,) [Verily the ill-fatedness of any one of them is more distressing to me than his poverty:] i. e., the supplying the wants of the poor man is easier to me than the making the bad to thrive: or the meaning is, the want of the means of gaining subsistence by any one of them, and grief on that account, is more distressing to me than his poverty: so in the Nh. (TA.) A2: الحُرْفُ A certain grain, resembling الخَرْدَل [or mustard]; (Az, Msb, TA;) called by the vulgar, (AHn, TA,) or in the dial. of El-'Irák, (TA in art. رشد,) حَبُّ الرَّشَادِ, (AHn, S, K,) or الرَّشَادُ: (Msb:) n. un. with ة, (TA,) applied to a single grain thereof. (Msb.) [See art. رشد.] Hence حِرِّيفٌ [q. v.]. (S, Msb.) حُرْفَةٌ: see حُرْفٌ, in two places.

حِرْفَةٌ A craft, or handicraft, (S, K, TA,) by which one gains his subsistence; a mode, or manner, of gain; any habitual work or occupation of a man; because he turns (يَنْحَرِفُ, K, i. e. يَمِيلُ, TA) to it; (K, TA;) a subst. from اِحْتَرَفَ: (Mgh, Msb:) pl. حِرَفٌ. (TA.) A2: See also حُرْفٌ, in two places.

حُرْفِىٌّ A seller of الحُرْف, i. e. حَبّ الرَّشَاد. (K.) حِرَافٌ: see حُرْفٌ.

حَرِيفٌ A fellow-worker, syn. مُعَامِلٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) in one's craft or ordinary occupation: (K:) and an associate: (KL:) pl. حُرَفَآءُ. (Msb.) b2: It is mostly used by foreigners as meaning A companion in drinking: and by most of the Turks, as implying vituperation; [like our term “ fel-low; ”] so that when any one of them addresses another by this epithet, he is angry. (TA.) حَرَافَةٌ The quality, or property, of burning, or biting, the tongue; acritude. (S, Msb, TA.) حِرِّيفٌ, from الحُرْفُ, Burning, or biting, to the tongue: (S, Msb, TA:) it is applied in this sense to an onion, and to other things: one should not say حَرِّيفٌ. (S, TA.) مَحْرِفٌ A place to which to turn away, or back, from a thing. (AO, S, K.) So in the saying, مَالِى عَنْ هٰذَا الأَمْرِ مَحْرِفٌ [I have no place to which to turn away, or back, from this thing]. (AO, S, K. *) b2: Also, and ↓ مُحْتَرَفٌ, A place in which a man earns or gains [subsistence], or labours to do so, and employs himself as he pleases, or follows his various pursuits. (K.) مُحْرِفٌ A man whose property increases, and becomes in a good state or condition; or whose cattle increase &c. (S, Msb.) مِحْرَفٌ: see مِحْرَافٌ.

مِحْرَفَةٌ: see مِحْرَافٌ.

مُحَرَّفٌ [pass. part. n. of 2, q. v. b2: ] One whose property has gone. (TA.) b3: A writing-reed nibbed obliquely; having the right tooth of the nib higher [i. e. longer] than the left. (TA.) مُحَرِّفُ القُلُوبِ, applied to God, The Turner, or Incliner, of hearts: or the Mover of hearts: (TA:) or the Remover of hearts. (Fr, TA voce مُحَرِّك, q. v.) مِحْرَافٌ (S, L, K) and ↓ مِحْرَفٌ, (L, TA,) or ↓ مِحْرَفَةٌ, (Akh, TA,) A probe with which the depth of a wound is measured: (S, L, K:) pl. of the first مَحَارِيفُ; and [of the second, or,] accord. to Akh, of the last, مَحَارِفُ. (TA.) مُحَارَفٌ Prevented, or withheld, from obtaining good; withheld from good fortune, or from sustenance; denied, or refused, good, or prosperity; lacking good fortune; having no increase of his cattle or other property; (S, Mgh, * K; *) contr. of مُبَارَكٌ: (S:) or having his gain, or earnings, turned away from him: (Msb:) or who obtains not good from a quarter to which he betakes himself: or scanted in his means of subsistence: or who works not, or labours not, to earn, or gain: or who earns, or gains, with his hands, but not enough for the support of himself and his household or family: (TA:) مُخَارَفٌ and مُجَارَفٌ are dial. vars. thereof. (TA in art. خرف.) مُحْتَرَفٌ: see مَحْرِفٌ.

مُحْتَرِفٌ A handicraftsman; a worker with his hands. (S, TA.) مُتَحَرِّفًا لِقِتَالٍ, in the Kur [viii. 16], means Turning away for the purpose of returning to fight: the doing which is one of the stratagems of war. (Mgh, Msb. *)

(س ل م) : (سَلِمَ) مِنْ الْآفَاتِ (وَمِنْهُ) قَوْلُهُ سَلِمَتْ لَهُ الضَّيْعَةُ أَيْ خَلَصَتْ وَبِمَصْدَرِهِ سُمِّيَتْ (سَلَّامَةُ) بِنْتُ مَعْقِلٍ أَمَةُ الْحُتَاتِ بِضَمِّ الْحَاءِ وَالتَّاءَيْنِ بِنُقْطَتَيْنِ مِنْ فَوْقَ وَقِيلَ بِالْبَاءَيْنِ بِنُقْطَةٍ وَالسَّارِقَةُ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ (وَبِاسْمِ الْفَاعِلِ) مِنْهُ سُمِّيَ سَالِمُ ابْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ رَاوِي حَدِيثِ رَفْعِ الْيَدَيْنِ (وَبِفَعَّالِ الْمُبَالَغَةِ) سُمِّيَ وَالِدُ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ وَأَبِي نَصْرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ (وَبِفَعْلَانَ مِنْهُ) سُمِّيَ سَلْمَانُ الْفَارِسِيُّ وَسَلْمَانُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ الْبَاهِلِيُّ قَاضِي الْكُوفَةِ (وَسَلْمَانُ) أَيْضًا حَيٌّ مِنْ الْعَرَبِ إلَيْهِ يُنْسَبُ عُبَيْدَةُ السَّلْمَانِيُّ مِنْ التَّابِعِينَ وَالْمُحَدِّثُونَ عَلَى التَّحْرِيكِ وَأَنْكَرَهُ السِّيرَافِيُّ (وَأَمَّا سُلَيْمَانُ) فَأَعْجَمِيٌّ (وَالسَّلَمُ) بِفَتْحَتَيْنِ مِنْ الْعِضَاهِ (وَبِوَاحِدَتِهِ) سُمِّيَ سَلَمَةُ بْنُ صَخْرٍ الْبَيَاضِيُّ (وَكُنِّيَ) أَبُو سَلَمَةَ زَوْجُ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ قَبْلَ النَّبِيِّ - عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ - وَأَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ الزُّهْرِيُّ (وَقَوْلُهُ) السُّلَّمُ لَا يَدْخُلُ فِي الْبَيْعِ مِنْ غَيْرِ ذِكْرٍ سَوَاءٌ كَانَ مِنْ خَشَبٍ أَوْ مَدَرٍ يَعْنِي: الْمِعْرَاجَ وَهُوَ مَا يُعْرَجُ فِيهِ وَيُرْتَقَى عَلَيْهِ وَقَدْ يُؤَنَّثُ قَالَ اللَّيْثُ يُقَالُ هِيَ السُّلَّمُ وَهُوَ السُّلَّمُ وَالْجَمْع السَّلَالِيمُ قَالَ الزَّجَّاجُ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ - سُمِّيَ بِهَذَا لِأَنَّهُ يُسَلِّمُك إلَى حَيْثُ تُرِيدُ (وَأَسْلَمَ الثَّوْبَ) إلَى الْخَيَّاطِ وَأَسْلَمَ فِي الْبُرِّ أَسْلَفَ مِنْ السَّلَمِ وَأَصْلُهُ أَسْلَمَ الثَّمَنَ فِيهِ فَحُذِفَ وَقَدْ جَاءَ عَلَى الْأَصْلِ (مِنْهُ) قَوْلُهُ إذَا أَسْلَمَ صُوفًا فِي لَبْدٍ أَوْ شَعْرًا فِي مِسْحٍ لَمْ يَجُزْ وَسَلَّمَ إلَيْهِ وَدِيعَتَهُ تَسْلِيمًا (وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ) لَا يَتِمُّ الرَّهْنُ حَتَّى يَقُولَ الرَّاهِنُ بَعْدَمَا خَرَجَ مَنْ الدَّارِ سَلَّمْتُكَهَا عَلَى حَذْفِ الْجَارِّ فَسَهْوٌ (وَالسَّلَامُ) اسْمٌ مِنْ التَّسْلِيمِ كَالْكَلَامِ مِنْ التَّكْلِيمِ (وَبِهِ) سُمِّيَ وَالِدُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَامٍ وَكَذَا سَلَامُ بْنُ مِشْكَمٍ عَنْ الْأَزْهَرِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِ وَهُوَ أَبُو زَيْنَبَ وَكَانَ مِنْ الْيَهُودِ وَيُنْشَدُ لِأَبِي سُفْيَانَ
سَقَانِي فَرَوَانِي كُمَيْتًا مُدَامَةً ... عَلَى ظَمَإٍ مِنِّي سَلَامُ بْنُ مِشْكَمِ
وَأَبُو نَصْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَامٍ وَاسْتَلَمَ الْحَجَرَ تَنَاوَلَهُ بِالْيَدِ أَوْ بِالْقُبْلَةِ أَوْ مَسَحَهُ بِالْكَفِّ مِنْ السَّلِمَةِ بِفَتْحِ السِّينِ وَكَسْرِ اللَّامِ وَهِيَ الْحَجَرُ (وَبِهَا سُمِّيَ) بَنُو سَلِمَةَ بَطْنٌ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ.

(سلم) - فيَ الحديث: "ما من آدمي إلا ومَعَه شيطان. قيل: ومَعَك؟
قال: نعم، ولكن الله تَعَالى أَعانَني عليه، فأَسْلَمُ"
وفي رواية: "حتَّى أَسْلَم".
: أي انْقادَ وكَفَّ عن وَسْوَسَتِى. وقيل: دَخَل في الإسْلام، فسَلِمتُ من شَرِّه.

سلم

1 سَلِمَ, [aor. ـَ inf. n. سَلَامَةٌ (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and سَلَامٌ (A, TA) and سَلَمٌ and سَلْمٌ and سِلْمٌ, (Bd in xxxix. 30,) He was, or became, safe, or secure; or he escaped; (M, TA;) or he was, or became, free; (TA;) مِنَ الآفَاتِ [from evils of any kind], (S, Mgh,) or مِنَ الآفَةِ [from evil of any kind], (K,) or مِنَ البَلَآءِ [from trial, or affliction], (A, TA,) or مِنَ الأَمْرِ [from the affair]: (M:) he (a traveller) was, or became, safe, secure, or free, from evils of any kind: (Msb:) and سَلِمَ مِنَ العَيْبِ he was, or became, free from fault, defect, imperfection, blemish, or vice; syn. بَرِئَ. (Msb in art. برأ.) [Hence,] one says, لَا بِذِى تَسْلَمُ مَا كَانَ

گَذَا وَكَذَا, (ISk, S, K, *) meaning No, by God [or Him] who maketh thee to be in safety, (ISk, S, K,) [such and such things were not;] and to two persons لا بذى تَسْلَمَانِ, and to a pl. number لا بذى تَسْلَمُونَ, and to a female لا بذى تَسْلَمِينَ, and to a pl. number [of females] لا بذى تَسْلَمْنَ. (ISk, S, K. *) And لَا أَفْعَلُ ذٰلِكَ بِذِى تَسْلَمُ, meaning, بِذِى سَلَامَتِكِ [i. e. I will not do that, by the Author (lit. Lord or Master) of thy safety]; and in like manner, بذى تَسْلَمَانِ, and بذى تَسْلَمُونَ. (Sb, M. [See also ذو.]) And اِذْهَبْ بِذِى تَسْلَمُ, i. e. اِذْهَبْ بِسَلَامَتِكَ [Go thou with thy safety; or, with the Author of thy safety to protect thee; meaning go thou in safety]; and [to two persons]

اِذْهَبَا بِذِى تَسْلَمَانِ. (S, K.) ذى is thus prefixed to a verb [as virtually governing it in the gen. case] like as آيَة is in an instance mentioned under this latter word; but these are two extr. instances; for only a noun significant of time is [regularly] prefixed to a verb, as in the phrase هٰذَا يَوْمُ يُفْعَلُ, meaning يُفْعَلُ فِيهِ: (Akh, S:) it is not prefixed to any but this verb تَسْلَمُ [and its variations as above mentioned]. (Sb, M, K.) b2: And hence, (Mgh,) one says also, سَلِمَتْ لَهُ الضَّيْعَةُ, meaning [The landed estate] was, or became, free from participation to him; syn. خَلَصَت. (Mgh, TA.) A2: سلمهُ, [app. سَلَمَهُ, or perhaps سَلِمَهُ, for some verbs of this measure are trans., as حَسِبَ and وَرِثَ,] inf. n. سلم, [app. سَلَمٌ, q. v. infrà,] He made him a captive. (TA.) A3: سَلَمَتْهُ الحَيَّةُ, (TA,) inf. n. سَلْمٌ, (M, K, TA,) The serpent bit him: (M, * K, * TA:) mentioned by Az, but he adds that no one but Lth has said this. (TA.) A4: سَلَمَ الجِلْدَ, aor. ـِ (S, K,) inf. n. سَلْمٌ, (TA,) He tanned the skin with [قَرَظ, i. e. leaves of] the سَلَم [or mimosa flava]. (S, K, TA.) b2: سَلَمَ الدَّلْوَ, (M, K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. سَلْمٌ, (M,) He finished making the leathern bucket; and made it firm, strong, or sound, or made it firmly, strongly, or soundly. (M, K.) 2 سلّمهُ, (S, M, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَسْلِيمٌ, (K,) He (God) made him to be safe, secure, or free; saved, secured, or freed, him; (M, Msb, TA;) مِنَ الآفَاتِ [from evils of any kind], (S, Msb,) or مِنَ الآفَةِ [from evil of any kind], (K,) or مِنَ الأَمْرِ [from the affair]. (M.) [Freytag assigns the same meaning to ↓ اسلمهُ also, as on the authority of the Ham; in which I find no explanation of this verb except one which will be found later in this paragraph.] b2: [Hence,] التَّسْلِيمُ is also syn. with السَّلَامُ, (S, K, TA,) as meaning The saluting, or greeting, one with a prayer for his safety, or security, or freedom, from evils of any kind in his religion and in his person; and the interpretation thereof is [the expressing a desire for] التَّخْلِيصٌ; (Mbr, TA;) or the saluting, or greeting, one with a prayer for his life; or, by saying سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ [q. v. infrà, voce سَلَامٌ]; syn. التَّحِيَّةُ. (TA.) You say, سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ [meaning He so saluted, or greeted, him]. (M, Msb.) [This, when said of God, virtually means سَلَّمَهُ, i. e. He saved him; and should be rendered agreeably with this explanation in the phrase commonly used after the mention of the Prophet, صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ May God bless and save him. You say also, سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ بِالخِلَافَةِ He saluted him with the acknowledgment of his being Khaleefeh; saying, سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ يَا أَمِيرَ المُؤْمِنِينَ Salutation to thee, or peace be on thee, &c., O Prince of the Faithful.] التَّسْلِيمَةُ signifies The salutation that is pronounced on finishing every two rek'ahs in prayer: (Har p. 180:) [and also that which is pronounced after the last rek'ah of each of the prayers (i. e. after the sunneh prayers and the fard alike), addressed to the two guardian and recording angels: (see my “ Modern Egyptians,” ch. iii., p. 78 of the 5th ed.:) and سَلَّمَ means He pronounced either of those salutations.] b3: [Hence also,] سلّم إِلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ, (S, K, *) inf. n. as above; (K;) and ↓ اسلم اليه الشىءَ; (M;) He gave to him the thing; (S, * M, K;) or delivered it to him: (M:) [he resigned it to him:] and سلّم إِلَيْهِ الوَدِيعَةَ, (Mgh,) or سلّم الوَدِيعَةَ لِصَاحِبِهَا, He delivered the deposit [to him, or] to its owner: (Msb:) and ↓ اسلم الثَّوْبَ إِلَى الخَيَّاطِ (Mgh) signifies the same as سلّمهُ إِلَيْهِ [i. e. He delivered the garment, or piece of cloth, to the tailor]. (Har p. 166.) b4: See also 4, in two places. b5: You say also, سلّم الأَجِيرُ نَفْسَهُ لِلْمُسْتَأْجِرِ The hired man gave himself up, or gave authority over himself, to the hirer. (Msb.) And ↓ أَسْلَمْتُهُ and سَلَّمْتُهُ I left him in the power of him who desired to kill him or to wound him. (Ham p. 115.) And لِلْهَلَكَةِ ↓ اسلمهُ [He gave him up to destruction]: in this case with [the prep.] ل only. (Har p. 166.) and الرَّجُلَ ↓ اسلم, (S, * M, Msb, *) or العَدُوَّ, (K,) He left, forsook, or deserted, (M, K,) the man, (S, * M, Msb, *) or the enemy; (K;) or abstained from aiding, or assisting, him; (S, M, Msb, K;) and threw him into destruction. (IAth, TA.) and لِمَا بِهِ ↓ اسلمهُ He left him [to that bane which was in him: app. referring to the bite of a serpent, or any evil affection: see سَلِيمٌ, third sentence]. (S, * M.) b6: And سلّم أَمْرَهُ إِلَى اللّٰهِ and ↓ اسلمهُ, both meaning the same, (S, Msb, K, TA,) i. e. He committed his case to God. (TA.) b7: And سلّم الدَّعْوَى He acknowledged the truth [or justice] of the claim, demand, or suit; [he conceded its truth or justice;] from سلّم الوَدِيعَةَ لِصَاحِبِهَا, expl. above; denoting an ideal delivering [or yielding of a thing to another person]. (Msb.) [Hence one says, سلّم أَنَّهُ كَذَا He conceded that it was thus.] b8: And التَّسْلِيمُ signifies also [The assenting, or] the giving [one's] approval (S, K, TA) unreservedly, (S,) to that which is ordained, or decreed, (S, K, TA,) by God; and the submitting to his commands; and the abstaining from offering opposition in the case in which it is not becoming [to do so]. (TA.) You say, سلّم لِأَمْرِ اللّٰهِ He assented to the command of God: [or he gave his approval to it:] or he submitted to it; as also ↓ اسلم. (MA.) 3 سالمهُ, (M, Msb,) inf. n. مُسَالَمَةٌ (S, M, Msb) and سِلَامٌ, (M, Msb,) He made peace, or became at peace or reconciled, with him; or he reconciled himself with him: [implying mutual concession, or a compromise:] (S, * M, Msb:) and سَالَمَا They made peace, or became at peace or reconciled, or they reconciled themselves, each with the other. (K.) 4 أَسْلَمَ see 2, in nine places. [The first of the meanings there assigned to this verb is, in my opinion, more than doubtful. In all its senses, it seems to be properly trans.: when it is used as an intrans. verb, an objective complement is app. understood. Thus,] أَسْلَمَ is syn. with أَسْلَفَ [as meaning He paid in advance, or beforehand]; (S, M, Mgh, Msb;) الثَّمَنَ [the price] being suppressed, though sometimes it is expressed; (Mgh;) as also ↓ سلّم; (M;) and ↓ تسلّم, as occurring in a trad., where it is said, مَنْ تَسَلَّمَ فِى شَىْءٍ فَلَا يَصْرِفُهُ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ [Whoso pays in advance for a thing, he shall not turn it over, or transfer it, to another than him]; but KT says that he had not heard this verb thus used except in this instance. (TA.) So the first of these verbs signifies in the saying, اسلم فِى الطَّعَامِ (S) or فى البُرِّ (Mgh) [He paid in advance for the wheat], and فى الشَّىْءِ [for the thing], as also ↓ سلّم. (M.) and hence the saying, إِذَا أَسْلَمَ صُوفًا فِى لِبْدٍ أَوْ شَعَرًا فِى

مِسْحٍ لَمْ يَجُزْ [If he give in advance wool for felt, or goats' hair for a garment, or piece, of haircloth, it will not be allowable]. (Mgh.) And so in the phrase, أَسْلَمْتُ إِلَيْهِ [I paid in advance to him]. (Msb.) b2: Also [He resigned, or submitted, himself; نَفْسَهُ being understood: or] he was, or became, resigned, or submissive; (M, K;) and so ↓ استسلم: (S, M, Msb, K:) you say, اسلم لِلّٰهِ [He resigned, or submitted, himself, or he was, or became, resigned, or submissive, to God: see also an ex. (before referred to) in the last sentence of the second paragraph: or he was, or became, sincere in his religion, or without hypocrisy, towards God: see مُسْلِمٌ]: (Msb:) [or]

اسلم signifies he entered into السِّلْم, (S, Msb,) which here means الاِسْتِسْلَام [i. e. the state of resignation, or submission]. (S.) b3: And He became a Muslim; as also ↓ تسلّم; (M, * K;) as in the saying, كَانَ كَافِرًا ثُمَّ تَسَلَّمَ, i. e. أَسْلَمَ [He was an unbeliever, or a denier of the unity of God, &c.; then he became a Muslim]: (M:) or he entered [the pale, or communion, of] the religion of الإِسْلَام. (S, * Msb.) الإِسْلَامُ as a principle of the law of God is The manifesting of humility or submission, and outward conforming with the law of God, and the taking upon oneself to do or to say as the Prophet has done or said: for this, the blood is to be spared, and one may demand the repelling of evil: (T, * M:) and if there is therewith firm belief with the heart, it is إِيمَانٌ: (T:) this is the doctrine of Esh-Sháfi'ee; but the doctrine of Aboo-Haneefeh makes no difference between these two terms: (KT:) [agreeably with the former doctrine,] Th well and briefly says, الاسلام is with the tongue, and الايمان is with the heart: and he says, in explaining verse 48 of ch. v. of the Kur, that every prophet has been sent with الاسلام, though the ordinances differ. (M.) b4: One says also, أَسْلَمْتُ عَنْهُ, meaning I left it [app. an affair, as in an explanation in the TK,] after I had been [engaged] in it. (Ibn-Buzurj, K.) And اسلم occurs intransitively in the saying, كَانَ رَاعِىَ غَنَمٍ ثُمَّ

أَسْلَمَ, meaning [He was a pastor of sheep, or goats; then] he left them. (M.) b5: [Freytag assigns to اسلم another signification “ Adscendere fecit (vid. a سُلَّم),” as from the Ham, p. 39: but this is app. a mistake, into which he has been led by a saying, there cited, of Zuheyr, which I read thus: هَوِىَّ الدَّلْوِ أَسْلَمَهَا الرِّشَآءُ (meaning, The descent, or as the descent, of the bucket that the well-rope has let go): and by its being there said that “ you should not prefer any reading of هوى to that with damm, though it has been said otherwise: ” whereas the correct reading is, in my opinion, هَوِىّ, agreeably with what here follows:] Er-Riyáshee says, on the authority of Az, that الهَوِىُّ, with fet-h, is downwards; and with damm, upwards; and he cites the saying above as an ex. of the word as meaning downwards. (TA in art. هوى.) 5 تسلّم مِنْهُ He asserted, or declared, himself to be free from, or clear of, or quit of, it, or him. (M.) b2: تسلّم is also syn. with أُسْلَمَ, in two senses: see the latter, in two places.

A2: and تسلّمهُ signifies He took it, or received it; namely, a thing given, or delivered. (S, M, Msb, K.) 6 تسالموا, (M,) and تسالما, (K,) inf. n. تَسَالُمٌ, (S,) They, (M,) or they two, (K,) made peace, or became at peace or reconciled, (S, * M, K,) one with another, (S, M,) or each with the other. (S, K.) [See also 8.] b2: One says of a man, (M,) of a great, or frequent, liar, (TA,) لَا تَسَالَمُ خَيْلَاهُ, [for تَتَسَالَمُ,] (M,) or لَا يَتَسَالَمُ خَيْلَاهُ, (K, TA,) [(assumed tropical:) His two troops of horses will not agree in pace, each with the other;] meaning (tropical:) [his assertions will not be found to agree together; or] he will not say what is true, so that it may be accepted from him: for تَسَالَمَتْ, said of horses, means (assumed tropical:) they kept pace, one with another; (تَسَايَرَتْ [q. v.];) not exciting one another. (M, K, TA.) 8 استلم He became at peace, or reconciled. (TA.) Hence the saying, (TA,) هُوَ لَا يَسْتَلَمُ عَلَى

سَخَطِهِ He will not become at peace, or reconciled, during his displeasure at a thing. (K, TA.) [See also 6.] b2: استلم الزَّرْعُ The seed-produce put forth its ears. (K.) A2: استلم الحَجَرَ He touched, (S, K,) or reached, (Mgh,) the stone, [meaning the Black Stone of the Kaabeh,] by kissing, or with the hand: (S, Mgh, K:) or he wiped it, or stroked it, with the hand: (Mgh:) or he kissed the stone: or he embraced it: (M:) and اِسْتَلْأَمَهُ signifies the same; (M, K;) but is not the original: (M:) accord. to ISk, the Arabs pronounced it with hemz, contr. to analogy; (Msb;) or it should not be pronounced with hemz, though some thus pronounce it, (S,) the original being استلم, (ISk, Msb,) because it is from سِلَامٌ [pl. of سَلِمَةٌ] signifying “ stones,” (ISk, S, * M, Msb, * [in the Mgh, from سَلِمَةٌ signifying “ a stone,” and in the Msb the pl. of سَلِمَةٌ is said to be سَلَامٌ, like كَلَامٌ,]) accord. to Sb, who says that it does not denote the act of taking; (M;) or, accord. to Sb, it is from السَّلَامُ, with fet-h, meaning “ salutation,” and it means the touching with the hand by way of salutation in order to obtain a blessing thereby: (TA:) but accord. to IAar, the original is with hemz, from المُلَآءَمَةُ, meaning الاِجْتِمَاعُ [“ the coming together,” &c., because denoting contact]. (Msb.) Abu-t-Tufeyl is related to have said, رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَطُوفُ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ يَسْتَلِمُ بِمِحْجَنِهِ وَيُقَبِّلُ المِحْجَنَ [i. e. I saw the Apostle of God (may God bless and save him) circuiting around the Kaabeh, upon his camel, touching the Black Stone with his hooked staff, and kissing the hooked staff]. (TA.) The primary signification of الاِسْتِلَامُ is [said to be] The wiping, or stroking, the سَلِمَة, i. e. the stone: afterwards it was used in relation to other things, and one said اِسْتَلَمْتُ يَدَهَا, meaning I stroked, or kissed, her hand. (Har pp. 30 and 31.) b2: استلم الخُفُّ قَدَمَيْهِ means The boot rendered his feet soft [after he had been accustomed to walking barefoot]. (TA.) 10 إِسْتَسْلَمَ see 4, in the former half of the paragraph.

A2: استسلم ثَكَمَ الطَّرِيقِ He went upon the middle of the road, not missing it. (K, * TA. [In the CK, after واسْتَسْلَمَ انقادَ, for وثَكَمَ الطَّرِيقِ, meaning واستسلم ثَكَمَ الطَّرِيقِ, is erroneously put وتَسَلَّمَ الطَّرِيقَ, assigning to تسلّم a meaning belonging to استسلم.]) Q. Q. 2 تَمَسْلَمَ [from مُسْلِمٌ] He named, or called, himself a Muslim; or he named himself Muslim; his name having before been Mohammad: (M, K:) mentioned by Er-Ru-ásee. (M.) سَلْمٌ: see the next paragraph, in six places.

A2: Also A leathern bucket (دَلْوٌ) having one عُرْوَة [or loop-shaped handle], (T, S, M, K,) with which the waterer walks, like the buckets (دِلَآء) of the attendants of the camels or other beasts upon which water is drawn or which carry water, (T, TA,) or like the دَلْو of the water-carriers: (S, K:) expl. in the S as above as on the authority of AA; but IB says that the correct explanation is, having one عَرْقُوَة [or stick fixed across from one part of the brim to the to the opposite part, serving as a handle as well as to keep it from collapsing]: (TA:) of the masc. gender [whereas دَلْوٌ is fem.]: (M:) pl. [of pauc.] أَسْلُمٌ and [of mult.] سِلَامٌ, (M, K,) and Lh mentions as its pl. أَسَالِمُ, which is extr. [unless as a pl. pl., i. e. pl. of أَسْلُمٌ]. (M.) سِلْمٌ Peace, or reconciliation; as also ↓ سَلْمٌ; (S, M, Msb, K;) masc. and fem.; (S, Msb, K; *) and ↓ سَلَمٌ and ↓ سَلَامٌ are like سِلْمٌ [in signification]: (M: [the context there shows that the signification mentioned above is what is meant in this instance:]) or سِلْمٌ signifies the making peace, or becoming at peace or reconciled, with another or others; (Ham p. 80;) as also ↓ سَلْمٌ; and both are sometimes fem. as being syn. with مُصَالَحَةٌ. (L voce جَنَحَ, q. v.) In the saying of El-Aashà, أَذَاقَتْهُمُ الحَرْبُ أَنْفَاسَهَا

↓ وَقَدْ تُكْرَهُ الحَرْبُ بَعْدَ السِّلِمْ [War made them, or has made them, to taste its draughts, and verily war is disliked after peace], he has transferred the vowel of the م to the ل, in pausing; or it may be that he has inserted a kesreh in imitation of the preceding kesreh: it is not an instance like إِبِل, in the opinion of Sb; for in his opinion the latter is the only instance of its kind. (M.) It is said in a trad., respecting El-Hodeybiyeh, أَخَذَ ثَمَانِينَ مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ سِلْمًا, or ↓ سَلْمًا, or ↓ سَلَمًا, accord. to different relations, meaning [He took forty of the people of Mekkeh] peaceably: thus expl. by El-Homeydee, in his “ Ghareeb. ” (TA. [See also سَلَمٌ below.]) b2: Also i. q. ↓ سَلَامٌ, (S, K, TA,) as signifying Selfresignation, or submission; (TA; [and thus the latter is expl. in one place in the S;]) which is also a signification of ↓ سَلَمٌ: (S, M, K, TA:) and this is meant in the Kur [iv. 96], where it is said, لَسْتَ مُؤْمِنًا ↓ وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ أَلْقَى إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَامَ, (Bd, TA,) or ↓ السَّلَمَ, as some read, (Bd,) [i. e. and say not ye to him who offers to you submission, Thou art not a believer:] or ↓ السَّلَامَ here means the salutation of الإِسْلَام [by saying سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ]: (Bd, TA: *) or salutation, and submission by uttering the profession of الإِسْلَام; and so ↓ السَّلَمَ: (Jel:) [or the latter here means, simply, salutation; and this is app. what is meant by its being said that] السَّلَمُ is the subst. from التَّسْلِيمُ; (K;) [but accord. to SM,] this means the unreserved approval of what is decreed; and this is said to be meant by the reading السَّلَمَ mentioned above. (TA.) b3: And [hence] السِّلْمُ signifies also الإِسْلَامُ [as meaning The religion of the Muslims; because it is a religion of self-resignation, or submission]: (S, K:) this is meant in the Kur [ii. 204], where it is said, اُدْخُلُوا فِى السِّلْمِ كَافَّةً

[Enter ye into the religion of El-Islám wholly]; (S, Bd, Jel;) and so ↓ السَّلْمِ, as some there read; (Bd, Jel;) or both there mean submission and obedience to God: (Bd:) [and] ↓ السَّلَمُ [also] has the former meaning. (M.) A2: Also, (S, M, K,) and ↓ سَلْمٌ, (M,) A man, (S, K, TA,) [and] a woman, (M,) who makes peace, or is at peace, with another; (S, M, K;) and in like manner, a company of men (قَوْمٌ). (M.) This is said to be meant in the Kur [xxxix. 30], where it is said, وَرَجْلًا سِلْمًا لِرَجُلٍ, as some read, i. e. And a man who is at peace with respect to a man: (TA:) or سِلْمًا and ↓ سَلْمًا and ↓ سَلَمًا, three different readings, in the place of [the more common reading]

سَالِمًا, are all inf. ns. of سَلِمَ, used as epithets [syn. with سَالِمًا], or ذَا is suppressed before them. (Bd.) You say, أَنَا سِلْمٌ لِمَنْ سَالَمَنِى [I am one who is at peace with respect to him who is at peace with me]. (S, TA.) And a poet says, [using this word in two different senses, the latter of which has been mentioned above,] لِأَهْلِكِ فَاقْبَلِى سِلْمِى أَنَائِلُ إِنَّنِى سِلْمٌ [O Náïleh, (نَائِلُ being for نَائِلَةٌ, a woman's name, apocopated,) verily I am one who is at peace with respect to thy family, therefore accept thou my submission]. (TA. [It seems to be there indicated by the context that سلمى here means my peace, or reconciliation; which is less appropriate than the meaning that I have assigned to it.]) سَلَمٌ: see سَلَامٌ: and see also سِلْمٌ, in seven places. b2: Also, in buying or selling, (Msb,) the subst. from أَسْلَمَ فِى الشَّىْءِ and سَلَّمَ signifying

أَسْلَفَ, (M,) i. q. سَلَفٌ; (S, Msb, K;) i. e. Any money, or property, paid in advance, or beforehand, as the price of a commodity for which the seller has become responsible and which one has bought on description: (T and TA in art. سلف:) or payment for a commodity to be delivered at a certain [future] period with something additional to [the equivalent of] the current price at the time of such payment; this [transaction] being a cause of profit to him who makes such payment: (TA in that art.:) or a sort of sale in which the price is paid in advance, and the commodity is withheld, on the condition of description, to a certain [future] period: (S and O in that art., in explanation of سَلَفٌ:) but it is said in a trad. that the term سَلَمٌ as meaning سَلَفٌ was disliked; app. because the former is applied to obedience, and self-resignation, or submission, to God. (TA.) A2: And The making [one] captive. (K. [See 1, in the latter part of the paragraph.]) A3: And A captive; (K;) because he submits himself. (TA.) One says, أَخَذَهُ سَلَمًا, (M, TA, [in the TK بِالسَّلَمِ,]) He took him [a captive], (TA,) or made him captive, (M,) without war: (M, TA:) or he brought him in a state of submission, not resisting; and so, if wounded: (IAar, M, TA:) and thus El-Khattábee has expl. the phrase in the trad. respecting El-Hodeybiyeh cited above, voce سِلْمٌ. (TA.) A4: Also A sort of tree, (S, M, Msb, K,) [the mimosa flava of Forskål, who writes its Arabic name in Italic characters syllæm, and in Arabic characters سليم, (Flora Aegypt. Arab., p. cxxiii.,)] a species (M) of the [kind of thorny trees called] عِضَاه, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, TA, [not غَضَاة, as in the Lexicons of Golius and Freytag,]) the leaves whereof are the قَرَظ, with which skin is tanned: (TA:) AHn says, its branches are long, like rods; and it has no wood such as is used in carpentry, even if it grows large: it has slender, long thorns, grievous when they wound the foot of a man; and a yellow [fruit such as is termed] بَرَمَة [n. un. of بَرَمٌ, see this word, and see also حُبْلَةٌ,] which is the sweetest of the بَرَم in odour; and they tan with its leaves: and it is said, on the authority of the Arabs of the desert, that it has a yellow flower, containing a green grain (حَبَّة خَضْرَآء [or this may mean a grain of a dark, or an ashy, dustcolour]), of sweet odour, in which is somewhat of bitterness, and of which the gazelles are very fond: (M:) the n. un. is with ة: (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K:) and pl. أَسْلَامٌ, (M,) and سِلَامٌ is said by IB to be pl. of the n. un., like as إِكَامٌ is of أَكَمَةٌ. (TA.) [Hence,] ذَاتُ أَسْلَامٍ A land (أَرْض) that gives growth to the [trees called] سَلَم. (K.) See also سلَمَان.

سَلِمٌ Stones; (S, M;) as also ↓ سِلَامٌ: (M:) and ↓ سَلِمَةٌ [as n. un. of the former and sing. of the latter, (incorrectly written by Freytag, in one place, سَلَمَةٌ, and incorrectly said by him to be of the dial. of the people of Himyer,)] signifies a stone: (S, M, Mgh, Msb:) [or] the pl. [or quasipl. n.] of سَلِمَةٌ in this sense is ↓ سَلَامٌ, like كَلَامٌ in measure: (Msb:) or ↓ سَلِمَةٌ signifies stones; (K;) or hard stones; (TA;) and ↓ سِلَامٌ is its pl.: (K:) [said to be] so called because of their freedom (سلَامَة) from softness: (TA:) or this last signifies stones, the small thereof and the large; and they assign to it no sing.: (ISh, TA:) or سلام [probably meaning ↓ سَلَامٌ] is a quasi-pl. n.: (Aboo-Kheyreh, TA:) and it is also said to be a name for any broad stone. (TA.) See also سَلَمَان. A poet says, (namely, Bujeyr Ibn-'Anameh, IB, TA,) يَرْمِى وَرَائِى بِامْسَهْكِ وَامْسَهْمِ وَامْسَلِمَهْ [He casts from behind me (i. e. defends me) with the arrow and the stone]: this [usage of ام for ال] is of the dial. of [Teiyi and] Himyer. (S, TA.) السِّلِمْ for السِّلْمْ: see سِلْمٌ, second sentence.

سَلِمَةٌ: see سَلِمٌ, in two places: and سَلَمَان.

A2: Also A woman soft, or tender, in the أَطْرَاف [or fingers, or other extremities]. (K.) b2: And An old and weak she-camel. (IAar, TA in art. سد.) سَلْمَى A certain plant (K, TA) which becomes green in the [season called] صَيْف [app. here meaning spring]. (TA.) b2: أَبُو سَلْمَى The [species of lizard called] وَزَغ: (K:) or, some say, [as is said in the M,] ↓ أَبُو سَلْمَانَ. (TA.) b3: See also the next paragraph. b4: [In the CK, by a mistranscription, a meaning belonging to سُلَامَى is assigned to سَلْمَى.]

السَّلْمَآء, accord. to Aboo-Mis-hal, as meaning The earth, occurs in the prov., أَنْفٌ قِى المَآءِ وَاسْتٌ فِى السَّلْمَآءِ [A nose in the water and a rump on the earth]: and if this be correct, it may be derived from سلام [i. e. سِلَامٌ] meaning “ stones: ” and it may be originally ↓ السَّلْمَى, and lengthened for the sake of the rhyme. (Ham p. 214.) [But the reading commonly known is, أَنْفٌ فِى السَّلْمَآءِ وَاسْتٌ فِى المَآءِ.]

هُوَ سَلْمَانُ بَيْتِهِ He is the special, or particular, friend of his [another's] house; one who mixes with him much: from the saying of the Prophet, سَلْمَانُ مِنَّا أَهْلِ البَيْتِ [Selmán is of us, the people of the house]; referring to Selmán El-Fárisee. (Har p. 472.) b2: أَبُو سَلْمَانَ: see سَلْمَى. b3: Also A species of the [black beetles called] جِعْلَان [pl. of جُعَلٌ, q. v.]: (M:) or i. q. جُعَلٌ, (IAar, K,) or أَبُو جَعْرَان, with fet-h [app. a mistake for kesr] to the ج: (Kr, TA:) or the largest of the جِعْلَان: or a certain insect like the جُعَل, having a pair of wings: (TA:) or the male of the [black beetles called] خَنَافِس [pl. of خُنْفَسَآءُ, q. v.]. (IAar, TA in art. فرض.) سَلَمَان or سَلِمَان, accord. to different readings, occurs in a trad. of Ibn-'Omar, in which it is said, كَانَ يُصَلِّى عِنْدَ سَلَمَانٍ فِى طَرِيقِ مَكَّةَ [He used to pray at certain selem-trees, or certain stones, in the road of Mekkeh]: each may be a pl. [or rather a quasi-pl. n.]; the former, of ↓ سَلَمَةٌ, the “ tree so called; ” the latter, of ↓ سَلِمَةٌ, “ stones ” [or a “ stone: ” but both of these explanations are strange]. (TA.) سَلَامٌ, (S, K, TA,) in its primary acceptation, (TA,) is syn. with ↓ سَلَامَةٌ, (S, K, TA,) as is also ↓ سَلَمٌ, (S, [so in one of my copies, but omitted in the other copy,]) and signifies Safety, security, immunity, or freedom, from faults, defects, imperfections, blemishes, or vices, (S, * [mentioned in one only of my two copies, and there as relating peculiarly to the third word,] K, [in which it ostensibly relates peculiarly to the first word, but in the CK, by the omission of a و before it, it is made to relate only to the second word,] and TA, [accord. to which it relates to the first and second words, as it is well known to do,]) and from evils of any kind: (TA:) or [simply] safety, security, immunity, or freedom; as also ↓ سَلَامَةٌ: (Sb, M:) IKt says that these two words may be dial. vars. [syn. each with the other]; or the former may be pl. of the latter [or rather a coll. gen. n. of which the latter is the n. un.]: (M, TA:) and Suh says, in the R, that most of the lexicologists hold them to have one [and the same] meaning: but that if they considered the language of the Arabs, and the distinction, or limitation, denoted by the ة, they would see that between them is a great difference [inasmuch as the former has a large range of meaning which the latter has not, as will be seen from what follows]. (TA.) سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ is an announcement of the continuance of سَلَامَة [or safety, &c.]: (Bd in xiii. 24:) [it may therefore be rendered Safety, &c., be, or light and abide, on you; or, generally, peace be, or light and abide, on you; for] it means nothing disliked, or evil, shall befall you henceforth: (Bd in xvi. 34:) and سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ [may be rendered in like manner; for it virtually] means I will not do to thee anything that is disliked, or evil; (Bd and Jel in xix. 48;) nor say to thee henceforward what would annoy thee, or be disagreeable, or evil, to thee. (Bd ibid.) It may also be [rendered May safety, &c., or peace, be, or light and abide, on you; as] a prayer for سَلَامَة, to those to whom it is addressed, from the state in which they are at the time. (Bd in xxviii. 55.) [It is generally held that this salutation may not be used by, nor to, any but a Muslim.] In the beginning of an epistle, the approved practice is to write سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ, without the article ال; and in repeating it, at the end, to write it with that article. (Durrat el-Ghowwás, in De Sacy's Anthol. Gramm. Arabe, p. 72 of the Arabic text. [In the latter case, the general practice in the present day is to write simply وَالسَّلَام, suppressing عَلَيْكَ.]) In saluting the dead, one puts عَلَيْكَ first, saying, عَلَيْكَ سَلَامُ اللّٰهِ. (Ham p. 367.) You also say, مَا كَانَ كَذَا وَكَذَا ↓ لَا بِسَلَامَتِكَ [No, by thy safety, such and such things were not]. (S.) السُّلَامُ is also a name of God, (S, M, Msb, K,) [applied to Him in the Kur lix. 23, accord. to some for ذُو السَّلَامِ, i. e. ذُو السَّلَامَةِ,] because of his safety, or freedom, from defect, and imperfection, and cessation of existence; (IKt, M, TA;) or from variations, and as being the everlasting, who brings the creation to nought and will not come to nought; or, accord. to Suh in the R, He is so named [as being the Author of Safety, Security, &c.; i. e.] because He has rendered all his creatures safe, or free, from defectiveness, or unsoundness, and mankind and the jinn, or genii, from the betiding of injustice, or wrong, to them, from Him; and the expositors who assert that He is thus named because of his safety, or freedom, from imperfections, and evils of any kind, utter an unseemly saying, making سَلَامٌ to be syn. with ↓ سَالِمٌ, which latter applies only to him who is liable to evil of any kind, and who expects it, and then becomes safe, or free, from it. (TA.) دَارُ السَّلَامِ is an appellation of Paradise, (M, K,) [applied thereto in the Kur vi. 127 and x. 26,] as being the abode of everlasting safety, or security; (Zj, M, TA;) the abode of safety, or security, from evils of any kind, from death and decrepitude and diseases [&c.]: (TA:) or as being the abode of God. (M, TA.) b2: See also سِلْمٌ, in four places. b3: [As is there stated,] it signifies also Salutation, or greeting; (M, TA;) particularly the salutation of الإِسْلَام [by saying سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ or سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ, expl. above]; (Bd in iv. 96;) a subst. (S, Mgh, Msb, TA) from سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ, (Msb,) [i. e.] from التُّسْلِيمُ, (S, Mgh, TA,) like كَلَامٌ from التَّكْلِيمُ. (Mgh. [See 2, third sentence.]) b4: In the saying in the Kur [xxv. 64], وَإِذَا خَاطَبَهُمُ الْجَاهِلُونَ قَالُوا سَلَامًا [And when the ignorant speak to them, they say, سَلَامًا], this last word signifies تَسَلُّمًا, (Sb, M,) or تَسَلُّمًا مِنْكُمْ [ for نَتَسَلَّمُ مِنْكُمْ تَسَلُّمًا We declare ourselves to be clear, or quit, of you], and مُتَارَكَهً لَلُمْ [ for نُتَارِكُكُمْ مُتَارَكَةً we relinquish you], (Bd,) [and means] there shall be neither good nor evil between us (Sb, M, Bd) and you: it is not the سلام that is used in salutation; for the verse was revealed at Mekkeh, and the Muslims had not then been commanded to salute the believers in a plurality of gods: (Sb, M:) [in iv. 88 of the Kur, which was promulgated afterwards, at ElMedeeneh, is a general command to return a salutation with a better or with the same; but the Sunneh prescribes that the salutation of سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ or سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ when addressed to a Muslim by one not a Muslim is to be returned only by saying وَعَلَيْكَ or وَعَلَيْكُمْ:] or the meaning in xxv. 64 is, they say a right saying, in which they are secure from harming and sinning. (Bd.) Sb asserts that Aboo-Rabee'ah used to say, إِذَا لَقِيتَ فُلَانًا فَقُلْ سَلَامًا, meaning تَسَلُّمًا [for أَتَسَلَّمُ مِنْكَ تَسَلُّمًا, i. e. When thou meetest such a one, say, I declare myself to be clear, or quit, of thee]: and he says that some of them said سَلَامٌ, meaning The case of me and thee is the [case of] being clear, or quit, each of the other; and the [case of] mutual relinquishing. (M.) [It is usual, in the present day, to say, اِفْعَلْ كَذَا وَالسَّلَام, meaning Do thou such a thing, and there will be an end of altercation between us.]

A2: See also سَلِيمٌ.

A3: Also A kind of trees; (S, M, Msb, K;) they assert that they are evergreen; nothing eats them; but the gazelles keep to them, and protect themselves by their shade, but do not hide among them; and they are not great trees, nor of the kind called عِضَاه: (AHn, M:) they are also called ↓ سِلَامٌ; (K;) or this is pl. of سَلَمَةٌ [n. un. of سَلَمٌ], which is of another kind; like as إِكَامٌ is pl. of أَكَمَةٌ: (IB, TA:) n. un. with ة. (S, M.) السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ was said to an Arab of the desert; and he replied, الجَثْجَاثُ عَلَيْكَ: and being asked, “ What is this reply? ” he answered, “They are two bitter trees: thou hast put upon me one, so I have put upon thee the other. ” (K.) A4: See also سَلِمٌ, in two places.

سِلَامٌ: see سَلِمٌ, in two places: A2: and the paragraph here next preceding, last sentence but two.

سَلِيمٌ i. q. ↓ سَالِمٌ, (S, M, K,) which means Safe, secure, or free, (Msb,) from evils of any kind; (K, Msb, TA;) applied to a man: (M:) pl. سُلَمَآءُ; (M, K, TA;) in some copies of the K سَلْمَى, like جَرْحَى pl. of جَرِيحٌ; (TA;) [but this is probably its pl. only when it is used in the sense of جَرِيحٌ or the like, as seems to be the case from what follows.] Also, (M,) applied to a heart: (S, M:) بِقَلْبٍ سَلِيمٍ, in the Kur xxvi. 89, means With a heart free from unbelief: (M, TA:) or, divested of corruptness, or unsoundness: (Er-Rághib, TA:) in the Kur xxxvii. 82, some say that it means with a grieving, or sorrowful, heart; from سَلِيمٌ in the sense here next following. (Bd.) b2: Also i. q. لَدِيغٌ [meaning Bitten by a serpent]; (S, M, K;) as also ↓ سَلَامٌ (S, K) and ↓ مَسْلُومٌ: (K:) app., (S,) as implying a good omen, of safety; (S, M;) or because the person is left (مُسْلَمٌ) to that [bane] which is in him: (IAar, S, * M:) and sometimes it is metaphorically used as meaning (tropical:) wounded: (M:) or it means wounded, at the point of death, (M, K,) as some say: (M:) pl. سَلْمَى. (M, and Ham p. 214.) A2: Also, (M, K,) of a horse, (M,) The part, of the hoof, that is between the أَشْعَر [or hair, or extremity of the skin, next the hoof], (M, TA,) or that is between the أَمْعَر [q. v.], (K,) but the former is the right, (TA,) and the interior of the hoof. (M, K, TA.) سَلَامَةٌ [the most usual inf. n. of سَلِمَ]: see سَلَامٌ, in three places.

A2: Also n. un. of سَلَامٌ applied to a kind of trees [described above]. (S, K.) سُلَامَى, a noun of the fem. gender, (Msb,) A certain bone that is in the فِرْسِن [q. v., here meaning foot] of the camel: (S, K:) this is said by A'Obeyd to be the primary signification: (S:) or the سُلَامَى of the camel are the bones of the فُرْسِن [or foot]: (M:) [for] سُلَامَى is used alike as sing. and pl., and sometimes it has also a pl., (S,) which is سُلَامَيَاتٌ: (S, M, K:) or it is a pl. [or rather a coll. gen. n.], of which the sing. [or n. un.] is سُلَامَيَةٌ, signifying the أَنْمَلَة [q. v.] of [any of] the fingers: (IAth, TA:) [but this is a strange explanation:] it is said that the last parts in which مُخّ [here meaning marrow or pulp and the like] remains in a camel when he has become emaciated are the سُلَامَى and eye; and when it has gone from these, he has none remaining: (S:) the pl. سُلَامَيَاتٌ, (S, TA,) or سُلَامَى, (M, Msb,) also signifies the bones of the أَصَابِع, (S, M,) so says Kh, and Zj adds that they are also called the قَصَب, (Msb,) of the hand and of the foot; (M;) [i. e., of the fingers and of the toes; and this seems to be the most common meaning, in relation to a human being; namely, the phalanges of the fingers and of the toes;] that are between every two joints [and what are beyond the extreme joints] of the أَصَابِع: accord. to Lth, the سلامى are the bones of the أَصَابِع [or fingers and toes] and the أَشَاجِع and the أَكَارِع, and are hard and compact bones like كِعَاب [pl. of كَعْبٌ]: (TA: [see the words that I have here left untranslated, for the senses in which they are here used are doubtful:]) accord. to IAar, (M,) certain small bones, of the length of the إِصْبَع [or finger], (M, K,) or nearly so, (M,) or less, (K,) of which there are four, or three, (M,) [or app., five, for the meaning here seems to be the metacarpal and metatarsal bones, to which the terms سُلَامَى and سُلَامَيَاتٌ are sometimes applied, (see أَشْجَعُ and مُشْظٌ,)] in the hand and in the foot, (K,) [i. e.] in each hand and foot: (M:) Ktr says that the سلاميات are the عُرُوق [app. a mistake for عِظَام i. e. bones] of the outer side of the hand and foot: (Msb:) سلامى is also said to signify any small hollow bone: and any bone of a human being: and ISh says that in every horse are six سلاميات [app. in the fore legs and the same in the hind legs; for he seems to mean that the term سلامى is applied to each of the pasternbones and to the coffin-bone; these three corresponding to the phalanges of a human being: see فَصٌّ]: (TA:) it is not allowable to write سلامى otherwise than with what is termed the short alif. (MF, TA.) A2: سُلَامَى, (M, K,) like سُكَّارَى, (K, TA, [in the CK like سَكْرٰى, which is shown to be wrong by a verse cited in the M and TA,]) signifies also The [south, or southerly, wind called] جَنُوب. (M, K.) سَلَامَانٌ A kind of tree, (S, M, K,) growing in soft, or plain, tracts: (M:) Az says, it is like the أَلَآء, which is a tree resembling the myrtle, which changes not in the midst of summer, and which has a produce resembling the head [or ear] of millet (ذُرَة), except that it is smaller than the الآء; tooth-sticks (مَسَاوِيك) are made from it; and its produce is like that of the الآء; and it grows in the sands and the deserts: (TA in art. الأ:) n. un. with ة. (M.) نَمْلُ سُلَيْمَانُ Red ants [lit. the ants of Solomon]. (TA voce أَحْوَى, in art. حو.) سُلَّمٌ A ladder, or a series of stairs or steps, syn. مِرْقَاةٌ, (M, K,) and دَرَجَةٌ, (M,) or مِعْرَاجٌ, (Msb,) upon which one ascends; (S, Mgh;) either of wood or of clay [&c.]: (Mgh:) said by Zj to be so called because it delivers thee (يُسَلِّمُكَ) to the place to which thou desirest to go, (Mgh, TA,) i. e., to some high place, and thou hopest for safety (السَّلَامَة) by means of it: (Er-Rághib, TA:) masc. and fem.; (Lth, M, Mgh;) [app., accord. to Lth and F, generally fem.; for] accord. to Lth, one says, هِىَ السُّلَّمُ and هُوَ السُّلَّمُ; (Mgh;) [and F says,] it is sometimes made masc.: (K:) pl. سَلَالِيمُ (S, Mgh, K) and سَلَالِمُ, (K,) [which latter is the original, for] the ى in سَلَالِيمُ is added by poetic license. (M, TA.) [Hence,] السُّلَّمُ (assumed tropical:) Certain stars, below [those called] العَانَةُ, on the right of them; (K;) as being likened to the سُلَّم [above-mentioned]. (TA.) b2: And The غَرْز [or stirrup of the camel's saddle] (S, K) is sometimes thus called [as being a means of mounting]. (S.) b3: And (tropical:) A means to a thing; (K, TA;) because it leads to another thing like as does the سُلَّم upon which one ascends. (TA.) b4: And السُّلَّمُ is the name of The horse of Zebbán (in the CK Zeiyán) Ibn-Seiyár. (K.) سَالِمٌ: see سَلِيمٌ; and see سَلَامٌ, near the middle of the paragraph. [See also an ex. voce شَاجِبٌ.]

b2: [Hence,] كَلِمَةٌ سَالِمَةُ العَيْنَيْنِ (tropical:) A good word or expression or sentence. (TA.) A2: The saying of J [in the S], (K,) in which he has followed his maternal uncle El-Fárábee, (TA,) that it signifies The portion of skin between the eye and the nose, is a mistake; (IB, K;) and his citation, as an authority, of the verse of 'AbdAllah Ibn-'Omar (K) in which he says, وَجِلْدَةُ بَيْنَ العَيْنِ وَالأَنْفِ سَالِمُ (TA,) is futile: (K:) for, as IB says, Sálim was the son of Ibn-'Omar, who, by reason of his love of him, thus makes him to be as the skin between his eyes and his nose: or, as MF says, the truth is, that the said verse is by Zuheyr, and Ibn-'Omar used it as a proverb: and [SM says], if this be correct, it strengthens the saying of J. (TA.) أَسْلَمُ [More, and most, safe or secure or free from evils of any kind]. You say, هٰذَا أَسْلَمُ مِنْ هٰذَا [This is more safe &c. than this]: and هٰذَا الأَسْلَمُ [This is the most safe &c.]; and هٰذِهِ السُّلْمَى. (Ham p. 214.) A2: And الاسلم [app. الأَسْلَمُ] signifies, like الطفى [i. e. الطَّفْىُ]; The leaves (خُوص) of the دَوْم [or Theban palm]. (Ibn-Beytár, app. from AHn, cited by De Sacy in his Chrest. Arabe, 2nd ed., iii. 480.) الإِسْلَامُ [inf. n. of 4, q. v. b2: It is the general term for The religion of Mohammad: differing from الإِيمَانُ, as shown above: see 4. b3: and hence, for أَهْلُ الإِسْلَامِ, or the like,] The Muslims, collectively. (M in art. بيض, &c.) إِسْلَامِىٌّ [Of, or relating to, الأِسْلَام as meaning the religion of Mohammad. b2: And particularly] A poet of the class next after the مُخَضْرَمُون and next before the مُوَلَّدُون. (Mz 49th نوع.) [See the Preface to the present work, p. ix.] The most celebrated of the poets of this class, it seems, were Jereer, El-Farezdak, El-Akhtal, and Dhu-rRummeh, who were contemporaries, and flourished in the first and second centuries of the Flight. (Mz ubi suprà, and Ibn-Khillikán in art. جَرِير.) b3: لَفْظٌ إِسْلَامِىٌّ A word, or phrase, introduced, or used in a new sense, on the occasion of the promulgation and establishment of the religion of الإِسْلَام, by means of the Kur-án &c. (Mz 20th نوع.) الأُسَيْلِمُ [The vena salvatella;] a certain vein (S, M, K) in the hand, (M,) between the little finger and the finger next to this: (S, K:) it occurs only [thus] in the dim. form. (M.) مُسْلِمٌ act. part. n. of 4 [q. v.]. (Msb.) وَاجْعَلْنَا مُسْلِمِينَ لَكَ, in the Kur ii. 122, means And make both of us self-resigned, or submissive, to Thee: (Bd, Jel:) or, sincere in religion, or without hypocrisy, towards Thee; syn. مُخْلِصَيْنِ: (M, Bd:) and therefore مسلمين is made trans. by means of ل. (M.) b2: [It commonly means One who holds, or professes, the religion of الإِسْلَام.] And one says, ↓ كَأَنَ كَافِرًا ثُمَّ هُوَاليَوْمَ مُسْلَمَةٌ [He was an unbeliever: then, to day, he has become a Muslim]. (M.) مَسْلَمَةٌ: see what next precedes.

المُسَلَّم is said to be used in the sense of ↓ المُسْتَلَم in the saying of El-'Ajjáj, بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالكَعْبَةِ المُسَلَّممِ [Between Es-Safà and the Kaabeh of which the Black Stone is touched with the hand, or kissed: see 8]. (M.) مَسْلُومٌ: see سَلِيمٌ. b2: b3: Also A hide, or skin, tanned with [قَرَظ, or leaves of] the سَلَم. (S, M.) أَرْضٌ مَسْلُومَآءُ A land abounding with the trees called سَلَم. (M, K.) b2: Suh says, on the authority of AHn, that مَسْلُومَآءُ is a name for A collection of سَلَم; like مَشْيُوخَآءُ applied to “ many elders, or men advanced in age. ” (TA.) المُسْتَلَم: see المُسَلَّم. b2: مُسْتَلَمُ القَدَمَيْنِ meansA man soft, or tender, in the feet. (TA.)

ألل
} أَلَّ فِي مَشْيِه {يَؤُلُّ} ويئلّ: أسْرَعَ وَجَدَّ، نَقله السُّهَيلِيُّ، وأنشَدَ الصاغانيُّ لأبي الخُضرِّ اليَربُوعِيّ:
(مُهْرَ أبي الحارِث لَا تَشَلِّي ... بارَكَ فِيكَ اللهُ مِن ذِي {أَلِّ)
أَي مِن فَرَسٍ ذِي سُرعَةٍ. وَأَبُو الْحَارِث هُوَ بِشْرُ بن عبدِ المَلِك بنِ بِشْرِ بن مَروانَ. وقيلَ: اهْتَزَّ أَو اضْطَرَبَ وأمّا قولُ الشاعرِ، أنشَدَه ابنُ جِني: وإذْ أَؤُلُّ المَشْىَ} ألاَّ {ألّا قَالَ ابنُ سِيدَ: إمّا أَنْ يكونَ أرادَ:} أَؤُلُّ فِي المَشْي، فحَذَف وأَوصَل، وإمّا أَنْ يكونَ أَؤُلُّ مُتَعدِّياً فِي مَوْضِعه، بغيرِ حَرف جَر. (و) {أَلَّ اللَّوْنُ} يَؤُلّ: بَرَقَ وصَفَا. (و) {ألَّتْ فَرائِصُهُ: أَي لَمَعَتْ فِي عَدْوٍ وأنشَدَ ابنُ دُرَيْدٍ:
(حَتَّى رَمَيتُ بِها} يَئِلُّ فَرِيصُها ... وكأنَّ صَهْوَتَها مَداكُ رُخامِ)
وأنشَد الأَزْهرِيُّ، لأبي دُوَاد، يصِف الفَرسَ والوَحْشَ:
(فلَهَزْتُهُنَّ بهَا {يَؤُلُّ فَرِيصُها ... مِن لَمْعِ رايتنا وهُنَّ غَوادِي)
(و) } أَلَّ فُلاناً {يَؤُلُّه} أَلاًّ: طَعَنَهُ {بالأَلَّةِ، وَهِي الحَربَةُ. (و) } ألَّهُ {أَلاًّ: طَرَدَهُ. وأَلَّ الثَّوْبَ} يَؤُلُّه! أَلاًّ: خاطَهُ تَضْرِيباً. (و) {أَلَّ عَلَيهِ} يَؤُلُّ {أَلاً: حَمَلَهُ قَالَ أَبُو عَمرو: يُقال: مَا} ألكَ إليَّ، {يَؤُلكُ، أَي حَمَلَك. (و) } ألَّ المَريضُ والحَزِينُ {يَئِلُّ} أَلاًّ، {وأَلَلاً بفَكِّ الْإِدْغَام،} وأَلِيلاً كأَمِيرٍ: أَنَّ وحَنَّ. وَقيل: أَلَّ {يَؤُلُّ: رَفَع) صَوْتَه بالدُّعاءِ. وَقيل: صَرَخ عِنْدَ المُصِيبةِ وَبِه فَسَّر أَبُو عُبيدٍ قولَ الكُمَيت، يصِفُ رجُلاً:
(وأنْتَ مَا أنْتَ فِي غَبرَاءَ مُظْلِمَةٍ ... إِذا دَعَتْ} أَلَلَيْها الكاعِبُ الفُضُلُ)
قَالَ: أَرَادَ حِكايةَ أصواتِ النِّساء بالنَّبَطِيَّة، إِذا صَرَخْنَ. (و) {ألَّ الفَرَسُ} يَؤُلُّ: نَصَبَ أُذُنَيه، وحَدّدَهُما وَكَذَلِكَ {أَلَّل،} والتَّألِيل: الــتَّحْرِيفُ والتَّحْدِيدُ، وَمِنْه أُذُنٌ {مُؤلَّلَةٌ. (و) } ألَّ الصَّقْرُ {يَؤُلُّ} أَلاًّ: أَبى أَن يَصِيدَ. (و) {الأَلِيل كأَمِير: الثُّكْلُ والأَنِينُ، قَالَ ابنُ مَيَّادَةَ:
(فقُولا لَها مَا تَأْمُرِينَ بِعاشِقٍ ... لَهُ بَعْدَ نَوْماتِ العِشاءِ} أَلِيلُ)
وَقَالَ رُؤْبَةُ: يَا أَيهَا الذِّئبُ لَك {الأَلِيلُ هَل لكَ فِي راعٍ كَمَا تَقُولُ أَي ثَكِلَتْكَ أُمُّك، هَلْ لكَ فِي راعٍ كَمَا تُحِبُّ.} كالأَلِيلَةِ قَالَ:
(فَليَ {الأَلِيلَةُ إِن قَتَلْتُ خُؤُولَتِي ... وَلِيَ الأَلِيلَة إِن هُمُ لَم يُقْتَلُوا)
(و) } الأَلِيلُ: عَلَزُ الحُمَّى كَمَا فِي المُحْكَم، وَقَالَ الأَزْهَرِيُّ: هُوَ الأَنِينُ، قَالَ: أمَا تَراني أشْتَكِي! الأَلِيلَا الألِيلُ: صَلِيلُ الحَصَى، قِيل: هُوَ صَلِيلُ الحَجَرِ أيّاً كَانَ، الأولَى عَن ثَعْلَبٍ. الأَلِيلُ: خَرِيرُ الماءِ وقَسِيبُه، كَمَا فِي اللِّسان. (و) {الأَلِيلَة كسَفِينَةٍ: الرَّاعِيَةُ البَعِيدةُ المَرعَى مِن الرّعاة} كالألَّةِ بالضّمِّ وَهَذِه عَن الفَرّاء. {والإِلُّ، بالكسرِ: العَهْدُ والحَلِفُ وَمِنْه حديثُ أمِّ زَرْعٍ فِي بعض الرِّوَايَات: بِنْتُ أبي زَرْع، وَمَا بنت أبي زَرْع، وَفِي} الإِلِّ، كَرِيمُ الخِل، بَرُودُ الظِّلِّ أَرَادَت أَنَّهَا وَفِيَّةُ العَهْد، وَإِنَّمَا ذَكَّر لِأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا ذَهب بِهِ إِلَى معنى التَّشْبِيه، أَي هِيَ مِثْلُ الرَّجُل الوَفيِّ العَهْدِ. والإِلُّ: ع بعَرَفَة، وَسَيَأْتِي إنكارهُ ثَانِيًا. (و) {الإِلُّ: الجَأْرُ كَمَا فِي المُحْكَم، وَهُوَ بالهَمْز والقَرابَةُ وَمِنْه حَدِيث عليٍّ رَضِي الله عَنهُ: يَخُونُ العَهْدَ ويَقْطَع الإِلَّ. الإِلّ: الأصْلُ الجَيِّدُ وَبِه فُسِّر قولُ أبي بكر الْآتِي، أَي لم يَجِيء من الأَصْل الَّذِي جَاءَ مِنْهُ القُرانُ. والمَعْدِنُ الصَّحِيحُ، عَن المُؤرِّج، وَقَالَ حَسّانُ رَضِي الله عَنهُ:
(لَعَمْرُك إنّ} إِلَّك مِن قُرَيْشٍ ... {كإِلِّ السَّقْبِ مِن رَأْلِ النَّعامِ)
(و) } الإِلُّ: الحِقْدُ والعَداوَة. الإِلُّ الرُّبُوبيَّةُ وَمِنْه قَول الصِّدِّيق رَضِي الله عَنهُ، لمّا سَمِعَ سَجْع مُسَيلِمَة: هَذَا كلامٌ لم يَخْرُجْ مِن {إِلٍّ وَلَا بِرٍّ أَي لم يَصْدُرْ عَن رُبُوييَّةٍ لِأَن الرُّبُوييَّةَ حَقّها واجِبٌ)
معَظَّمٌ، كَذَلِك فَسَّره أَبُو عبيد، نَقله السُّهَيلي. (و) } الإِلُّ: اسمُ اللهِ تَعالَى وَمِنْه جَبرإلّ، كَمَا فِي العُباب، وَبِه صَدَّر صاحبُ الرَّامُوز، وَبِه فُسِّر بعضُ قولِهِ تعالَى: لَا يَرْقُبُونَ فِي مُؤْمِنٍ! إلاَّ وَلَا ذِمَّةً وأَنْكَرَه السُّهَيلِي فِي الرَّوض، فَقَالَ: وأمّا الإِلُّ، بِالتَّشْدِيدِ فِي قَوْله تَعَالَى: إلاَّ وَلَا ذِمَّةً فحَذَارِ أَنْ تقولَ: هُوَ اسمُ اللهِ تَعالَى، فتُسَمِّىَ اللهَ تعالَى باسمٍ لم يُسَمِّ بِهِ نَفْسَه، لِأَنَّهُ نَكِرةٌ، وإنّما الإِلُّ: كُلُ مَا لَهُ حُرْمةٌ وحَقٌّ، كالقَرَابَة والرَّحِمِ والجِوارِ والعَهْدِ، وَهُوَ من {أَلَلتُ: إِذا اجتهدتَ فِي الشَّيْء، وحافظتَ عَلَيْهِ، وَلم تُضَيِّعْه، وَمِنْه} الأَلُّ فِي السَّيْرِ: هُوَ الجِدُّ، وَإِذا كَانَ {الأَلُّ بِالْفَتْح المَصْدَرُ،} فالإِلُّ بِالْكَسْرِ: الاسمُ، كالذِّبْح مِن الذَّبْح، فَهُوَ إِذا الشَّيء المُحافَظ عَلَيْهِ المُعظَّمُ حَقُّه، فتأمَّلْ. وكُلُّ اسْمٍ آخِرُه إِلٌ أَو إِيلٌ فمُضافٌ إِلَى اللهِ تَعالَى وَمِنْه جَبرائِيلُ، ومِيكائِيلُ، هَذَا قولُ أَكْثرِ أَهْلِ العِلْم. قَالَ السُّهَيليُّ: وَكَانَ شيخُنا رَحمَه الله تَعَالَى يَعْنِي أَبا بَكْرِ بن العَرَبيّ كطائفةٍ مِن أهلِ العِلْم، يذهَبُ إِلَى أنَّ هَذِه الأَسماءَ إضافَتُها مَقْلُوبَةٌ، كإضافَةِ كلامِ العَجَمِ، فَيكون إلٌ وِإيلٌ: العَهْد، وأوَّلُ الاسمِ عِبارةٌ عَن اسمٍ مِن أسماءِ اللهِ تَعَالَى، وَسَيَأْتِي فِي أيل. (و) {الإِلُّ: الوَحْيُ وَبِه فُسِّر قولُ الصِّدِّيقِ أَيْضا. الإِلُّ: الجَزَعُ عِنْدَ المُصِيبَةِ، وَمِنْه رُوِيَ الحَدِيثُ: عَجِبَ رَبُّكُم مِن} إِلِّكُمْ وَقُنُوطِكُم وسُرْعةِ إجابَتِهِ إيَّاكُمْ فِيمَن رَواه بالكَسْرِ قالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ: هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ المُحَدِّثُونَ. وروايةُ الفَتْحِ أكْثَرُ قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ: وَهُوَ المَحْفوظُ. ويُروَى مِن أَزْلِكُم أَي ضِيقِكُم وشِدَّتِكُم. وَهُوَ أَشْبَهُ بالمَصْدَرِ، كَأَنَّهُ أرادَ: مِن شِدَّةِ قُنُوطِكُم. (و) {الأَلُّ بالفَتْحِ: الجُؤار أَي رَفْعُ الصَّوتِ بالدُّعاءِ وَقد أَلَّ} يَئِلُّ، وَهَذَا قد ذَكره قَرِيبا، فَهُوَ تَكْرارٌ فِي الجُمْلة. الأَلُّ: جَمْعُ {أَلَّةٍ بحَذْفِ آخِرِه لِلْحَرْبةِ العَرِيضَةِ النَّصْلِ سُمِّيَ بذلك لِبَرِيقِها ولَمَعَانِها، قَالَ الأعْشَى:
(تَدَارَكَهُ فِي مُنْصِلِ} الأَلِّ بَعْدَ مَا ... مَضَى غيرَ دَأْداءٍ وَقد كادَ يَعْطَبُ)
وفَرَّقَ بعضُهم بينَ! الألةِ والحَرْبةِ، فقالَ: الأّلةُ كُلُّها حَدِيدَةٌ، والحَرْبَةُ بَعْضُها خَشَبٌ وبَعْضُها حَدِيدٌ {كالإِلالِ، كَكتابٍ قَالَ لَبِيدٌ، رَضِي الله عَنهُ:
(يُضِيءُ رَبابُه فِي المُزْنِ حُبشاً ... قِياماً بالحِرابِ} وبالإِلالِ)
وَهُوَ جَمْعُ أَلَّةٍ، كجَفْنَةٍ وجِفانٍ. (و) {الأُلُّ، بالضَّمِّ: الأَوَّلُ فِي بعض اللُّغات، عَن ابنِ دُرَيْدٍ. وَلَيْسَ مِن لَفْظِه وَأنْشد:
(لِمَنْ زُحْلُوقَةٌ زُلُّ ... بِها العَينانِ تَنْهَلُّ)

(يُنادِي الآخِرَ الأُلُّ ... أَلَا حُلُّوا أَلَا حُلُّوا)

وَإِن شِئْتَ قلتَ: إِنَّمَا أَراد: الأَوَّلَ، فبَنَى مِن الْكَلِمَة على مِثال فُعْلٍ، فَقَالَ: وُلُّ، ثمَّ هَمَزَ الواوَ لأنّها مضمومةٌ، غير أَنّا لم نَسْمَعْهُم يَقُولُونَ: وُلٌّ. قَالَ الصَّاغَانِي: هَكَذَا هُوَ بخَطِّ الأَرْزَنيّ، فِي الجمْهَرة، بِالْحَاء المُهْمَلة المَضْمُومة، وبخَط الْأَزْهَرِي فِي التَّهْذِيب: ألَا خَلُّوا ألَا خَلّوا بِفَتْح الخاءِ المُعْجَمة. وقالَ ابنُ الأعرابيّ، عَن المُفَضَّل: بالخاءِ المُعْجَمة، قالَ: ومَن رَوَاهُ بِالْحَاء المُهْمَلة فقد صَحَّف. وَهِي لُعْبَةٌ للصِّبيان، يَجتمعون فيَأْخُذُون خَشَبَةً، فيَضَعُونها على قَوْزٍ لَهُم من الرَّمْل، ثمَّ يَجْلِسُ على أَحَدِ طَرَفَيّها جماعةٌ، وعَلى الآخَرِ جماعةٌ، فَأَي الجَماعَتَيْنِ كَانَت أرْزَنَ ارْتَفَعت الأُخْرَى، فيُنادُون بأَصْحابِ الطَّرَف الآخر: أَلَا خَلُّوا، أَي: خَفِّفُوا مِن عَدَدِكم حتَّى نُساويَكُم فِي التَّعدِيلِ، وَهَذِه الَّتِي تُسَمِّيها العَرَبُ: الزُّحْلُوفَةَ والزّحْلُوقَةَ.
} والأَلَّةُ: الأَنَةُ.
أَيْضا: السِّلاحُ، وقِيل: جَمِيعُ أداةِ الحَربِ وخَصَّه بعضٌ بالحَربَةِ، إِذا كانَ فِي نَصْلِها عِرَضٌ، كَمَا تَقَدَّم. أَيْضا: عُودٌ فِي رَأْسِهِ شُعْبتانِ. أَيْضا: صَوْتُ الماءِ الجارِي! كالأَلِيلِ، وَقد تقدَّم. (و) {الألَّةُ: الطَّعْنَةُ بالحَربَةِ وَقد} ألَّهُ {يَؤلُّه} أَلاًّ، وَقد تقَدّم. (و) {الإِلَّةُ بالكَسرِ: هَيئَةُ الأَنِينِ. قَالَ اللِّحْياني: هُوَ الضَّلالُ بنُ} الأَلالِ بن التَّلالِ كسَحابٍ فِي الكُلِّ: إتباعٌ لَهُ، وَأنْشد:
(أَصْبَحْتَ تَنْهَضُ فِي ضَلالِكَ سادِراً ... أنْتَ الضَّلالُ بنُ الأَلالِ فأَقْصِرِ)
أَو الأَلالُ: الباطِلُ. {وإلَّا، بِالْكَسْرِ: حَرفٌ تكون للاستِثْناء وَهِي الناصبةُ فِي قَوْلك: جَاءَنِي القَوْمُ إلاَّ زيدا، لِأَنَّهَا نائبةٌ عَن: أسْتَثْني، وَعَن: لَا أَعْني، هَذَا قولُ أبي العبّاس المُبَرَّد. وَقَالَ ابنُ جِنِّي: هَذَا مَردُودٌ عندنَا لِما فِي ذَلِك مِن تدافُعِ الأَمْرَيْن: الإعمالِ المُبقِي حُكْمَ الفِعْلِ، والانصِرافِ عَنهُ إِلَى الحَرفِ المُخْتَصِّ بِهِ القَوْلُ. انْتهى. وَمِنْه قولُه تَعَالَى: فَشَرِبُوا مِنْهُ} إلاَّ قَلِيلاً. وَتَكون صِفَةً بمَنْزِلَةِ غَيرٍ، فيُوصَفُ بهَا، أَو بتاليها، أَو بِهِما جَمِيعًا جَمْعٌ مُنَكَّرٌ كقولِه تَعَالَى: لَوْ كَانَ فِيهِمَا آلِهَةٌ إلاَّ اللَّهُ لَفَسَدَتَا أَو يُوصَفُ بهَا جَمْعٌ شِبهُ مُنَكَّرٍ، كَقَوْل ذِي الرمَّةِ:
(أُنِيخَتْ فألقَتْ بَلْدَةً فوقَ بَلْدَةٍ ... قَلِيلٍ بهَا الأصْواتُ إلاَّ بُغامُهَا)
فإنّ تَعْرِيفَ الأصواتِ تعريفُ الجِنْسِ. وَتَكون عاطِفَةً كالواوِ، قِيل: وَمِنْه قولُه تَعالَى: لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ لِلنَّاسِ عَلَيكُم حُجَّةٌ إلاَّ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا وَكَذَا قولُه تَعالَى: إِنِّي لَا يَخَافُ لَدَيَّ المُرسَلُونَ. إلاَّ مَنْ ظَلَمَ ثُمَّ بَدَّلَ حُسناً بَعْدَ سُوءٍ. وَتَكون زَائِدَة، كَقَوْلِه أَي ذِي الرُّمَة:
(حَراجِيجُ مَا تَنْفَكُّ إلاَّ مُناخَةً ... علَى الخَسفِ أَو نَرمِي بهَا بَلَداً قَفْرا)
) قَرَأت فِي كتاب لَيس، قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو عَمْرِو بنُ العَلاء: أخطَأ ذُو الرمِّة فِي قولِه هَذَا، لَا تَدْخُلُ لَا إلَّا بعدَ تَنْفكّ وتزال إنّما يُقال: مَا زَالَ زيدٌ قائِماً. وَلَا يُقالُ: مَا زالَ زَيْدٌ إلاَّ قائِماً لأَنّ إلّا تُحققُ، وَمَا زَالَ يَنْفِي. وأحكامُها مبسُوطَةٌ فِي المعْنِى، والتَّسهيل، وشُروحِهما، وَأَعَادَهُ المُصنِّفُ فِي الْألف اللَّيِّنة، كَمَا سَيَأْتِي الكلامُ عَلَيْهِ. {وألَّا بالفَتْح: حَزفُ تَحْضِيضٍ وحَثٍّ، تَخْتَصُّ بالجُمَلِ الفِعْلِيَّةِ الخَبَرِيَّة وَهِي لُغَةٌ فِي هَلَّا، وَسَيَأْتِي البَسطُ فِيهِ فِي هـ ل ل وَفِي آخر الْكتاب. (و) } الأَلالُ كسَحابٍ، وكِتابٍ وعلَى الأَوَّلِ اقْتَصَر الصاغانِيُ: جَبَلٌ بعَرفاتٍ وَفِي الرَّوْضِ: جَبَلُ عَرَفَةَ. أَو حَبلُ رَملٍ بعَرَفاتٍ، عَلَيْهِ يقومُ الإمامُ، قَالَه ابنُ دُرَيْدٍ، أَو حُبَيلٌ عَن يَمِينِ الإمامِ بِعَرَفَةَ قَالَ النّابِغةُ الذُّبْياني:
(بمُصْطَحِباتٍ مِن لَصافَ وثَبرَةٍ ... يَزُرْنَ {أَلالاً سَيرُهُنَّ التَّدافُعُ)
قَالَ ياقوتُ: وَقد رُوَي:} إِلال، بالكَسرِ ووَهَمَ مَن قَالَ: {الإِلُّ كالخِلِّ وَهَذَا الَّذِي وَهَّمَهُ فقد قَالَ بِهِ غيرُ واحدٍ من الأئمّة، قَالَ ابنُ جِنِّي: قَالَ ابنُ حَبِيب:} الإِلُّ: حَبل مِن رَمْلٍ يَقِفُ بِهِ الناسُ مِن عَرَفَاتٍ، عَن يمينِ الإِمَام، وَقد جَاءَ ذِكرُه فِي الحَديث أَيْضا، وعَجِيبٌ مِن المصَنِّف إنكارُه، فتأمَّلْ. قَالَ ياقوت: وَهَذَا المَوضِعُ أَعنِي {إِلال أرادَه الرَّضِيُّ المُوسَوِيُّ بقوله:
(فأُقْسِمُ بالوُقُوفِ علَى} إلالٍ ... ومَنْ شَهِدَ الجِمارَ ومَن رَماهَا)

(وأرْكانِ العَتِيقِ ومَن بَناهَا ... وزَمْزَمَ والمَقامِ ومَن سَقاهَا)

(لأَنْت النَّفْسُ خالِصَةً فَإِن لَم ... تَكُونِيهَا فأنتِ إِذا مُناهَا) وأمّا وَجْهُ الاشتقاقِ، فِقيل: إِنَّه سُمِّيَ {إلالاً لأَنَّ الحَجِيجَ إِذا رأَوْه} أَلُّوا فِي السَّير: أَي اجتَهدُوا فِيهِ لِيُدْرِكوا الموقِفَ، قَالَه السُّهَيلِي. (و) {أُلَلَةُ كهُمَزَة: ع هَكَذَا فِي النُّسَخ، ومثِلُه فِي التَّكملة، والصَّواب:} أُلَالَةُ، كثُمَامَة، كَمَا فِي العُباب. والمُعْجَم، وَمِنْه قولُ عَمْرِو بن أَحْمَر الباهِلِي:
(لَو كنتَ بالطَّبَسَين أَو {بأُلالَةٍ ... أَو بَربَعِيصَ مَعَ الجَنانِ الأسْوَدِ)
وَقَالَ نَصْرٌ: أُلالَةُ: موضعٌ بِالشَّام. قلت: وَهُوَ صَحيحٌ، فإنّ بَربَعِيصَ أَيْضا: موضِعٌ مِن أَعمال حَلَبَ، وَقد تقَدّم.} وَأَلِلَتْ أَسْنانُه، كفَرِح: فَسَدتْ عَن اللِّحيانيّ. (و) {أَلِلَ السِّقاءُ: أرْوَحَتْ أَي تغيَّرَتْ رائحتُه، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ مَا جَاءَ بِإِظْهَار التَّضعيف.} وألَّلَه أَي الشَّيْء {تَأْلِيلاً: حَدَّدَهُ أَي حَدَّدَ طَرَفَه وحَرفَه، قَالَ طَرَفةُ بن العَبد، يَصِفُ أذنَيْ ناقَتِه بالحِدَّة والانتِصاب:
(} مُؤلَّلَتانِ تَعْرِفُ العِتْقَ فِيهِمَا ... كسامِعَتَيْ شاةٍ بحَوْمَلَ مُفْرَدِ)

وَقَالَ خَلَفُ بن خَلِيفةَ:
(لَهُ شَوْكَةٌ {أَلَّلَتْها الشِّفارُ ... يُؤَلِّفُ قِرْداً إِلَى قِرْدِهِ)
وأُذُنٌ} مُؤَّلَلةٌ: مُحَدَّدَةٌ منصوبةٌ مُلَطَّفة. {والأَلَلَانِ، مُحَرَّكةً: وَجْها الكَتِفِ، أَو اللَّحْمَتانِ المُتطابِقتان فِي الكَتِف، بَينَهما فَجْوَةٌ على وَجْهِ عَظْم الكَتِف، يَسِيلُ بينَهما ماءٌ إِذا نُزِعَ اللًّحْمُ مِنْها ومُيِّزَتْ إِحْدَاهمَا عَن الأُخْرى، وَهَذَا قَول ابنِ الأعرابيّ. وَقَالَت امرأةٌ مِن العَرب لابنتِها: لَا تُهْدِي إِلَى ضَرَّتِكِ الكَتِفَ فإنّ الماءَ يَجْرِي بَيْن} أَلَلَيها. حَكَاهُ الأصْمَعيُّ، عَن عِيسَى بن أبي إِسْحَاق. قَالَ الأزهريُّ: وَإِحْدَى هاتَيْنِ اللَّحْمَتيْنِ الرُّقَّى، وَهِي كالشَّحْمة البَيضاء، تكون فِي مَرجِعِ الكَتِفِ، وَعَلَيْهَا أُخْرَى مثلُها تُسَمَّى المَأتَى. {والأَلَلُ أَيْضا: صَفْحَةُ السِّكِّينِ، وهُما} أَلَلَانِ وَكَذَا وَجْها كُلِّ شيءٍ عَرِيضٍ. (و) {الأَلَلُ: لُغَةٌ فِي اليَلَلِ، لِقِصَرِ الْأَسْنَان وإقْبالِها على غارِ الفَمِ نَقله الأزهريُّ، عَن اللِّحياني، وسيأتِي. (و) } الإِلَلُ كَعِنَبٍ: القَراباتُ، الواحِدةُ: {إِلَّةٌ بالكسرِ، عَن الفَرّاء. (و) } الأُلَلُ كَصُرَدٍ: جَمْعُ {أُلَّةٍ، بالضَّمِّ: لِلرَّاعِيَةِ البَعِيدةِ المَرْعَى عَن الرُّعاة، عَن الفَرّاء.
ومِمَّا يُستَدْرَكُ عَلَيْهِ:} الأَلِيلَةُ، كسَفِينةٍ، {والأَلَلَةُ، مُحرَّكةً: الهَوْدَجُ الصَّغِيرُ، عَن ابْن الأعرابيّ. ويُقال: مالَهُ،} أُلَّ وغلَّ.
قَالَ ابنُ بَرِّي: {أُلَّ: دُفِعَ فِي قَفاه، وغُلَّ: أَي جُنَّ.} والأَلَلُ، مُحَرَّكةً: الصَّوْتُ. وَفِي الظَّبيِ {أَلَلٌ، مُحَرَّكَةً: أَي جُدَّةٌ مِن السَّواد فِي البَياض. وَهَذَا أَمْرٌ} - إِلِّىٌّ: مَنْسُوبٌ إِلَى {الإِلِّ: هُوَ اللهُ تَعالَى، أَو بمَعْنَى الوَحْيِ.} والمِئَلَّانِ، بِالْكَسْرِ: القَرْنانِ، وَكَانُوا فِي الجاهِليَّة يتَّخِذُون أسَنّةً مِن قُرُونِ البَقَرِ الوَحْشِيّ، قَالَ رُؤبَةُ، يَصِفُ ثَوْراً: إِذا {مِئَلَّا شَعْبِهِ تَزَعْزَعا لِلقَصْدِ أَو فِيهِ انحِرافٌ أَوْجَعا وَقَالَ أَبُو عَمْرو:} المِئَلُّ: حَدُّ رَوْقِه، وَهُوَ مأخوذٌ مِن {الألّةِ، وَهِي الحَرْبَة. وَقَالَ عبد الوَهّاب:} ألَّ فُلانٌ فأطالَ المَسئلة: إِذا سَأَلَ، وَقد أَطَالَ {الأَلَّ: أَي السُّؤالَ. وثَوْرٌ} مُؤَلَّلٌ، كمُعَظَّمٍ: فِي لَوْنِه شيءٌ مِن السَّوادِ وسائِرُه أَبيضُ. وَقَالَ الزُّبَيرُ بن بَكَّار: {الإِلالُ، ككِتابٍ: البيتُ الحَرامُ، وَبِه فَسَّر قولَ النابِغَةِ السابقَ.} وأَلْأَلُ، كعَلْعَلٍ: بَلَدٌ بالجَزِيرة، نَقله يَا قوت. وَقَالَ أَبُو أحمدَ العَسكَرِيُّ: يومُ {الأَلِيلِ، كأَمِيرٍ: وَقْعةٌ كَانَت بصَلْعاءِ النَّعام.} وأَلْيَلُ، كأَحْمَرَ: وادٍ بينَ يَنْبُعَ والعُذَيْبة، ويُقال: يَلْيَلُ، بِالْيَاءِ أَيْضا، قَالَ كُثَيرٌ، يصِفُ سَحاباً:)
(وطَبَّقَ من نَحْوِ النَّخِيلِ كأنَّهُ ... {بأَلْيَلَ لمّا خَلَّفَ النَّخلَ ذامرُ)
} وأَلَّ {يَئِلُّ، بِالْكَسْرِ، لُغةٌ فِي} يَؤُلُّ: بمَعْنَى بَرَقَ، عَن ابْن دُرَيْدٍ. {وأَلِيلُ الحَرْبَةِ: لَمَعانُها. وَيُقَال: إنَّه} لَمُؤَلَّلُ الوَجْهِ، أَي: حَسَنُه سَهْلُه، عَن اللحْيانِيّ، كأنَّه قد {أُلِّلَ.} والأَلِيلَةُ: الحَنِينُ. {- والأَلَلِيُّ، مُحرََّكةً: البُكاءُ والصِّياحُ، قَالَ الكُمَيت:
(بِضَربٍ يُتْبِعُ} - الأَلَلِيَّ مِنْهُ ... فَتاةُ الحَيِّ وَسْطَهُمُ الرَّنِينَا)
{والائْتِلالُ: الوفْقُ وحُشنُ التَّأَتِّي بالعَمَل، قَالَ الراجِزُ: قامَ إِلَى حَمْراءَ كالطِّرْبالِ فَهَمَّ بالضُّحَى بِلا} ائْتِلالِ غَمامَةً تَرْعُذ مِن دَلالِ أَي: بِلا رِفْقٍ وحُسنِ تَأَت للحَلْبِ، ونَصَب الغَمامةَ بِهَمَّ، فشبَّه حَلْبَ الَلبنِ بِسَحابةٍ تُمْطِرُ.
{والأَلِيلَةُ: الدُّبَيلَةُ. ورَجُلٌ} مِئَلٌّ، كَمِتَل: يَقَعُ فِي الناسِ، عَن ابنِ بَرِّيّ. أُلُون، بالضّمِّ أهمله الجَوْهرِيّ والصاغانِيُّ، وَقَالَ ابنُ سِيدَهْ: هُوَ بمَعْنَى ذَؤُو، هُوَ جَمْعٌ لَا يُفْرَدُ لَهُ واحِدٌ مِن لَفْظِه، وقِيل: اسمُ جَمْعٍ، واحِدُه: ذُو، وأُلاتُ: الْإِنَاث، واحِدُها: ذاتُ. وَلَا يكونُ إلاَّ مُضافاً كأُولِي الإرْبَةِ، والأمرِ والنَّعمةِ، والطَّوْلِ، والقُوّةِ، وَا لبَأسِ، والعِلْمِ، والنُّهَى، والأرحامِ، والقُربَى، والأيْدِي، والأبصارِ، والألبابِ، وكُلُّ ذَلِك وارِدٌ فِي القُران. كَأَن واحِدَه {أُلٌ مُخَفَّفةً، أَلا تَرَى أَنه فِي الرَّفع واوٌ، وَفِي النَّصب والجَرِّ ياءٌ. فشاهِدُ الرَّفْع قولُه تعالَى: اسْتَأْذَنَكَ أُولُو الطَّوْلِ، نَحَنْ أُولُو قُوَّةٍ وَأُولو بَأسٍ} وأُولُو الأرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُم أَوْلَى بِبَعْضٍ. وشاهِدُ النَّصْبِ والجَرِّ: قولُه تعالَى: ذَرْنِي وَالمُكَذِّبِينَ أُولِي النَّعْمَةِ لَتَنُوءُ بِالْعُصْبَةِ {أُولِي القُوَّةِ. أمّا} أُولُو الأَمْرِ مِن قولهِ تعالَىِ: أَطِيعُوا الَّلهَ وأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَــأولِي الأمْرِ مِنْكُمْ فقِيل: المُرادُ بِهم: أصحابُ رسُولِ اللهِ صلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وسلَّم ومَن اتَّبَعُهم بإحسانٍ من أهل العِلْم قَالَه أَبُو إِسْحَاق. قد قِيل: مَن اتَّبعهم مِن الأُمراء آخِذِين بِمَا يَقُوله أهلُ العِلْم، فطاعتُهم فَرِيضةٌ، وجُمْلَة أُولِي الأمرِ مِن الْمُسلمين مَن يقومُ بشأنِهم فِي أمرِ دِينهم، وجميعِ مَا أدَّى إِلَى إصلاحِهم إِذا كَانُوا أُولِي عِلْمٍ ودِينٍ أَيْضا.