بزغ

1 بُزُوغٌ [inf. n. of بَزَغَ] signifies The beginning to rise, or come forth: this is the primary meaning: mentioned by Zj. (TA.) b2: Hence, (TA,) بَزَغَ, said of a tush, or tusk, or canine tooth, (A,) or of the tush of a camel, (S, Msb, K,) [aor. ـُ inf. n. بُزُوغٌ, (Msb,) It came forth; (S, Msb, K;) it clave the flesh, and came forth. (A.) b3: and hence, (A, TA,) بَزَغَــتِ الشَّمْسُ, (JK, S, A, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (TK,) inf. n. as above (JK, S, K) and بَزْغٌ, (K,) The sun began to rise; (JK, TA;) as though it clave the darkness with its light: (A, TA:) or rose, (S, Msb, K,) with spreading light: (TA:) or بُزُوغٌ has the meaning first explained above; the beginning to rise, or come forth. (K.) And in like manner one says, بَزَغَ القَمَرُ [The moon began to rise: or rose]. (A, TA.) A2: بَزَغَ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (Msb,) inf. n. بَزْغٌ, (JK, Msb,) He (a cupper, and a farrier,) scarified, (S, Msb, K,) and made the blood to flow: (Msb:) he (a farrier) scarified a beast (JK, Mgh, TA) in its أَشْعَر [or part next the hoof (in the TA, erroneously, شعر)], (JK,) with a مِبْزَع (JK, Mgh, TA) of iron; (JK;) as also ↓ بزّغ, inf. n. تَبْزِيغٌ: (JK, * TA:) Aboo-'Adnán says that تَبْزِيغٌ and تَعْرِيبٌ signify the same, namely, the making a slight incision, or stab, such as does not reach the sinews, or tendons. (TA.) b2: And He made his blood to flow. (TA.) 2 بَزَّغَ see 1.7 انــبزغ الرَّبِيعُ, (S, and so in a copy of the K,) or ↓ ابتزغ, (so in other copies of the K and in the TA,) The first, or beginning, of the [season, or rain, or herbage, called] ربيع came. (S, K.) 8 إِبْتَزَغَ see 7.

قَمَرٌ بَازِغٌ, (TA,) and شَمْسٌ بَازِغَةٌ, (Msb,) and نُجُومٌ بَوَازِغُ, (JK, A,) [A moon, and a sun, and stars,] beginning to rise: (JK, TA:) or rising. (Msb, TA.) مِــبْزَغٌ A lancet (S, Mgh, K) of a cupper and of a farrier. (JK, Mgh, TA.)

عرب

1 عَرُبَ لِسَانُهُ, [aor. ـُ inf. n. عُرُوبَةٌ, His tongue [or speech] was, or became, Arabic, (S, O,) or chaste Arabic. (Msb.) b2: See also 4, first sentence, in three places.

A2: عَرِبَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. عَرَبٌ, He (a man) became disordered in the stomach by indigestion. (TA.) And عَرِبَتْ مَعِدَتُهُ, inf. n. as above, His stomach became in a corrupt, or disordered, state, (S, O, Msb, K,) from being burdened. (TA.) b2: Also, (O, K,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) said of a camel's hump, (O, TA,) It became swollen and purulent. (O, K, TA.) b3: And, said of a wound, (S, O, K, TA,) It became corrupt: (TA:) or it broke open again; or became recrudescent: (S, O:) or it had a scar remaining after it had healed. (K.) b4: Said of a river, It abounded with water. (K.) and عَرِبَتِ البِئْرُ The well contained much water; or its water became abundant. (K.) b5: And, (K, TA,) inf. n. عَرَبٌ (O, * K, * TA) and عَرَابَةٌ, said of a man, (TA,) He was, or became, brisk, lively, or sprightly. (K, TA.) A3: عَرَبَ, (O, K,) aor. ـِ (K,) inf. n. عَرْبٌ, (TK,) He ate (O, K) food. (TK.) 2 عرّب, (S, O,) inf. n. تَعْرِيبٌ, (S,) He (an Arab) arabicized a foreign word; spoke it, or pronounced it, agreeably with the ways of Arabic speech; (S;) as also ↓ اعرب, (S, O, *) inf. n. إِعْرَابٌ. (TA.) b2: And He taught another the Arabic language. (TA, from a trad.) b3: See also 4, in fourteen places. b4: The inf. n. signifies also The showing, or declaring, one's saying, (K, TA,) and one's deed, (TA,) to be bad, evil, abominable, or foul. (K, TA.) One says, عرّب عَلَيْهِ He showed him, or declared to him, that his saying, and his deed, was bad, &c.; and upbraided him for it. (TA.) And فَعَلْتُ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَمَا عَرَّبَ عَلَىَّ أَحَدٌ I did so and so, and no one upbraided me; or charged me with having acted disgracefully. (Az, TA.) And عرّب عَلَيْهِ فِعْلَهُ, (S, O,) and قَوْلَهُ, (TA,) He showed him, or declared to him, that his deed was bad, evil, abominable, or foul, (S, O,) and so his saying. (TA.) تَعْرِيبٌ is The saying to a man who has uttered what is foul, or erroneous, “It is not so, but so; ” telling him what is more correct. (Sh, TA.) And The replaying against a speaker; (K, TA;) and so ↓ إِعْرَابٌ. (TA.) One says, عرّب عَلَيْهِ He replied against him, denying or disallowing or disapproving what he said: (S:) or he prevented, hindered, or forbade, him: or he did so, and denied or disallowed or disapproved [what he said or did]. (TA.) [See what next follows.] b5: Also The treating medically, to remove his disease, one whose stomach is in a corrupt, or disordered, state. (O, K. [In both, التَّعْرِيبُ is expl. as meaning تَمْرِيضُ العَرِبِ i. e. الذَّرِبِ المَعِدَةِ. Freytag has strangely rendered the verb as signifying “ ægrotum reddidit aliquem stomachi corruptio. ”]) Az says that التَّعْرِيبُ followed by عَلَى and having for its object him who says what is disapproved may be from this. (TA.) b6: Also The lopping a palm-tree; or pruning it by cutting off some of its branches. (S, O, K. *) b7: And The scarifying a horse or similar beast in the parts of the skin next the hoofs and then cauterizing those parts: (K, TA:) or the cauterizing a horse in several places in those parts, and then gently scarifying them without producing any effect upon the sinews, or tendons, (Az, O, TA,) in order to strengthen the parts, (Az, TA,) or in order that the hair may become strong: (O:) or عرّب الفَرَسَ signifies he made an incision in the bottom of the horse's hoof; and the verb implies that, by this operation, what was concealed becomes apparent to the eye, so that one knows the state of the hoof, whether it be hard or soft, sound or diseased. (L, TA. See also 1 in art. بزغ.) A2: Also, the inf. n., The getting, or procuring for oneself, an Arabian horse. (TA. [See also 4, near the end.]) b2: And The taking, or making, for oneself, an Arabian bow. (O, K.) A3: Also the drinking much clear, or limpid, water, (O, K,) which is termed عَرِب. (O.) A4: عرّب البَقَرَةَ, (K,) or ↓ أَعْرَبَهَا, (O,) He rendered the cow desirous [of copulation]; said of a bull. (O, K.) A5: And عرّب, (Fr, Mgh, O,) inf. n. تَعْرِيبٌ; (Fr, O, K;) and ↓ اعرب, (Fr, Mgh, O, Msb,) inf. n. إِعْرَابٌ; (Fr, Mgh, K;) and ↓ عَرْبَنَ; (O, and S and K in art. عربن;) He gave what is termed an عُرْبُون (O, Msb, K) or عُرْبَان (Fr, Mgh) [i. e. an earnest], فِى كَذَا [in the case of such a thing], (O,) or فِى بَيْعِهِ [in the case of his purchase]. (Msb.) One says, ↓ أَعْرَبُوا فِى الدَّارِ أَرْبَعَمِائَةٍ They paid in advance, as an earnest, in the case of the house, four hundred [dirhems]. (L, TA.) It is related in a trad. that ↓ الإِعْرَاب in buying and selling is forbidden: (Mgh, O, TA:) this is said by Sh to mean A man's saying to another, If I do not purchase this for so much, thou shalt have such and such of my property. (O, TA.) 3 عَاْرَبَ [The following ex. is given of the inf. n. of this verb.] One says, مَا أُوتِىَ أَحَدٌ مِنْ مُعَارَبَةِ النِّسَآءِ مَا أُوتِىَ فُلَانٌ, (O,) or مَا أُوتِيتُهُ أَنَا, (TA,) meaning, (O, TA,) app., (TA,) [No one has been given what such a one has been given, or what I have been given, of] the means of coïtus [with women]. (O, TA.) 4 اعرب, (Az, Msb, TA,) [for اعرب الكَلَامَ, like افصح for افصح الكَلَامَ,] inf. n. إِعْرَابٌ, (A, K,) He spoke clearly, plainly, distinctly, or intel-ligibly, (Az, A, Msb, K, * TA,) in Arabic; (Msb;) as also ↓ تعرّب, and ↓ استعرب; said of a foreigner, or one [previously] not clear, plain, distinct, or intelligible, in speech: (Az, Msb, TA:) and ↓ عَرُبَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. عُرْبٌ and عُرُوبٌ, accord. to Th, and عُرْبَةٌ and عِرَابَةٌ [which accord. to general analogy would be عَرَابَةٌ] and عُرُوبِيَّةٌ; (TA;) or ↓ عَرِبَ, aor. ـَ (Msb;) [likewise] signifies he spoke clearly, plainly, or distinctly, after being barbarous, or vitious, in speech: (Msb, TA:) and ↓ عَرُبَ he spoke without incorrectness; (Msb;) and [so اعرب, for] إِعْرَابٌ signifies the committing no error in speech: (K, TA:) and the expressing of meanings clearly, plainly, distinctly, or perspicuously, by words. (TA.) [↓ عرّب, also, has a similar meaning:] it is said in a trad., أَنْ ↓ كَانُوا يَسْتَحِبُّونَ أَنْ يُلَقِّنُوا الصَّبِىَّ حِينَ يُعَرِّبُ يَقُولَ لَا إِلَاهَ إِلَّا اللّٰهُ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ (O, TA) i. e. [They used to like teaching the boy,] when he spoke distinctly, or articulately, [to say “ There is no deity but God ” seven times.] (TA.) And one says, اعرب الكَلَامَ, and اعرب بِهِ, meaning He made the speech [that he spoke] clear, plain, distinct, or perspicuous. (TA.) And اعرب بِحُجَّتِهِ He declared, or spoke out clearly or plainly, his argument, plea, allegation, or the like, without fearing any one. (S, O.) And أَعْرَبْتُ الشَّىْءَ and اعربت عَنْهُ, and ↓ عَرَّبْتُهُ and عرّبت عَنْهُ, which last, accord. to Fr, is better than عرّبتهُ and اعربتهُ, I made the thing clear, plain, distinct, or manifest. (Msb.) And اعرب عَمَّا فِى ضَمِيرِهِ He declared, or spoke out clearly or plainly, what was in his mind. (TA.) And اعرب عَنْهُ لِسَانُهُ, and ↓ عرّب عنه, His tongue made clear, or plain, or spoke clearly, or plainly, for him: and عَمَّا فِى ↓ يُعَرِّبُ قَلْبِهِ لِسَانُهُ His tongue tells plainly, or declares, what is in his heart. (Az, TA.) It is said in a trad., الثَّيِّبُ تُعْرِبُ عَنْ نَفْسِهَا, (S,) or الأَيِّمُ, and ↓ تُعَرِّبُ, accord. to different relaters, but some say the former only, (Msb,) i. e. [She who has become a widow, or been divorced, &c., or she who has no husband, whether she be a virgin or not, or not being a virgin,] shall speak out plainly for herself [when demanded in marriage]: (S, Msb:) or الثَّيِّبُ يُعْرِبُ عَنْهَا لِسَانُهَا, so accord. to IKt, (O,) or عنها ↓ يُعَرِّبُ, (Mgh, O,) so accord. to A 'Obeyd, but, as IAmb says, both are dial. vars. of which neither is preferable to the other; and the meaning is [she who has become a widow, &c., her tongue] shall declare for her. (O.) One says also, اعرب عَنِ الرَّجُلِ He spoke out, or explained, for the man. (TA.) And عَنِ القَوْمِ ↓ عَرَّبْتُ I spoke for the people, or party; (Fr, S, Mgh, * O, K;) and pleaded for them; (Fr, Mgh, * TA;) as also أَعْرَبْتُ; but the former in this sense is better known. (Mgh.) And اعرب عَنْهُ, and عنه ↓ عرّب, He pleaded his cause. (TA.) and عَنْ حَاجَتِهِ ↓ عرّب He spoke and pleaded for the object of his want. (A.) b2: اعرب also signifies He was, or became, chaste, uncorrupt, or free from barbarousness, in speech; although not an Arab. (Msb.) And لَهُ الكَلَامَ ↓ عَرَّبْتُ, inf. n. تَعْرِيبٌ; as also أَعْرَبْتُ له, inf. n. إِعْرَابٌ; I made the speech [that I spoke] clear, or plain, to him, so that there was in it no barbarousness. (TA.) And مَنْطِقَهُ ↓ عرّب, (S, O,) inf. n. تَعْرِيبٌ, (K,) He made his speech free from error, or incorrectness. (S, O, K.) And أَعْرَبْتُ الحَرْفَ I made the حرف [i. e. word] clear, or plain: or the ا in this case denotes privation, and the meaning is (assumed tropical:) I removed its عرب, [app. ↓ عَرَب, from this word as inf. n. of عَرِبَ used in relation to the stomach &c.,] i. e. vagueness. (Msb.) And اعرب كَلَامَهُ He made his speech free from error, or incorrectness, in [what is termed] الإِعْرَاب [here meaning what grammarians generally intend thereby, namely, desinential syntax, or the science of the various inflections of words, literal or virtual, by reason of the various governing words]. (S, O.) [اعرب is also used by grammarians as meaning He declined a word; and أُعْرِبَ as meaning It was declined, or declinable; in these senses opposed to بَنَى and بُنِىَ, inf. n. بِنَآءٌ: and the former also as meaning He analyzed grammatically, or parsed, a sentence: and the inf. n. of the verb (act. and pass.) in these senses is إِعْرَابٌ.] b3: See also 2, first sentence: b4: and again in the first third part of the paragraph. b5: إِعْرَابٌ also signifies The making [a person] to revert from, or relinquish, foul speech; (K, TA;) and so ↓ تَعْرِيبٌ. (TA.) b6: And The speaking foul, or obscene, language; as also ↓ تَعْرِيبٌ, and ↓ اِسْتِعْرَابٌ: (O, K:) thus it bears two contr. significations. (K, TA.) One says of a man, اعرب [&c.], (S, O,) or اعرب فِى كَلَامِهِ, (Msb,) He spoke foul, or obscene, language. (S, O, Msb.) [Golius and Freytag have assigned this meaning to ↓ تعرّب also: the latter of them as from the S and K; in neither of which do I find it.] b7: And The act of copulating: or the speaking of that act in an oblique, or indirect, manner. (K.) A2: and اعرب, (S, O,) inf. n. إِعْرَابٌ, (K,) He had a child born to him of Arabian complexion, or colour. (S, O, K.) b2: And He possessed, or acquired, or sought to acquire, horses, or camels, of pure Arabian race. (TA. [See also 2, in the middle of the latter half; and see مُعْرِبٌ.]) b3: And إِعْرَابٌ signifies One's knowing a horse of pure Arabian race from one of mean race by his neighing. (K.) And A horse's being known by his neighing to be of pure Arabian race, free from any admixture of other than Arabian blood: (K, TA:) [or his making himself to be known as such by his neighing; for] اعرب means he (a horse) neighed, and was consequently known to be of Arabian race. (A.) b4: And The making a horse to run. (K.) Accord. to Fr, one says, اعرب عَلَى فَرَسِهِ, meaning He made his horse to run: but he adds that some say اغرب. (O.) A3: And إِعْرَابٌ signifies The taking as one's wife a woman such as is termed عَرُوبٌ [q. v.]. (K.) A4: اعرب سَقْىُ القَوْمِ meansThe people's watering [of their camels], having been at one time on alternate days, and another time on the fourth day after that of the next preceding watering, then became, and continued to be, of one uniform way. (S, O.) A5: See also 2, last four sentences.5 تعرّب He assimilated himself to the Arabs. (S.) He (a man not of genuine Arabian descent) introduced himself among the Arabs, and spoke their language, and imitated their manner or appearance; [he became a naturalized, or an insitious, Arab; (see العَرَبُ;)] as also ↓ استعرب. (Az, TA.) b2: He became an Arab of the desert; (S, Mgh;) he returned to the desert, (Az, Mgh, TA,) after he had been dwelling in a region of cities or towns or villages and of cultivated land, and joined himself to the Arabs of the desert. (Az, TA.) Hence, تعرّب بَعْدَ هِجْرَتِهِ He became an Arab of the desert [after his flight, or emigration, for the sake of El-Islám], (S, Mgh,) returning to the desert. (Mgh.) b3: He dwelt, or abode, in the desert. (O, K.) b4: See also 4, first sentence. b5: تَعَرَّبَتْ لِزَوْجِهَا She acted in an amorous manner, or with amorous dalliance, and mani-fested love, to her husband. (A, TA.) b6: Respecting a meaning assigned to تعرّب by Golius and Freytag, see 4, latter half.10 استعرب: see 5: b2: see also 4, first sentence: b3: and the same again in the latter half of the paragraph.

A2: استعرب جَرَبًا, said of a camel, He was affected with mange, or scab, which began in his armpits and groins or similar parts, and his lips, and appeared upon the general extent of his skin. (O.) b2: And استعربت, said of a cow, She desired the bull. (O, K.) Q. Q. 1 عَرْبَنَ: see 2, near the end.

عَرْبٌ is syn. with إِعْرَابٌ in the sense of إِفْصَاحٌ [but app. as a subst. (not an inf. n.) meaning Clear, plain, or distinct, speech]. (TA.) b2: and syn. with عِرَابَةٌ, q. v. (TA.) b3: And syn. with عَرَبٌ as [inf. n. of عَرِبَ, and] meaning نَشَاطٌ [i. e. Briskness, liveliness, or sprightliness]. (O, K.) العُرْبُ: see العَرَبُ, first sentence.

عِرْبٌ Such as is dried up, of the [species of barley-grass called] بُهْمَى: (S, O, K:) or of any herb, or leguminous plant: n. un. with ة: or عِرْبُ البُهْمَى signifies the prickles of the بُهْمَى. (TA.) العَرَبُ, (S, A, Mgh, O, Msb, K, &c.,) as also ↓ العُرْبُ, (S, O, Msb, K,) A certain people, or nation; [the Arabs, or Arabians;] (S, O;) the contr. of العَجَمُ (A, Msb, K, TA) and العُجْمُ; (TA;) the inhabitants of the cities, or large towns, (S, A, O, K,) or of the Arabian cities and towns or villages: (Mgh:) [but now, on the contrary, generally applied to those who dwell in the desert:] or those who have alighted and made their abode in the cultivated regions, and have taken as their homes the Arabian cities and towns or villages, and others also that are related to them: (Az, Msb:) or [accord. to general usage] an appellation of common application [to the whole nation]: (T, K:) [and in the lexicons and lexicological works applied to the desert Arabs of pure speech:] it is of the fem. gender: (Msb, K:) and العَرَبُ has two pls., namely, العُرُبُ, with two dammehs, and الأَعْرُبُ [which is a pl. of pauc.]: (Msb:) the rel. n. [which serves as a sing.] is ↓ عَرَبِىٌّ: (S, O, K: [عَرَبٌ عَرَبِىٌّ in the CK is a mistake:]) accord. to Az, (TA,) this appellation is applied to a man of established Arab lineage, even if he be not chaste, or correct, in speech. (Msb, TA.) The dim. of العَرَبُ is ↓ العُرَيْبُ, (S, O,) without ة, (O, TA,) an extr. word [with respect to analogy, as the undiminished noun is fem.]: (TA:) a poet (Abu-l-Hindee, whose name was 'Abd-El-Mu-min, son of 'AbdEl-Kuddoos, O, TA) says, وَمَكْنُ الضِّبَابِ طَعَامُ العُرَيْبِ وَلَا تَشْتَهِيهِ نُفُوسُ العَجَمْ

[And the eggs of dabbs are food of the little Arabs; but the souls of the Foreigners do not desire them]: in which he uses the dim. form to imply respect, or honour, like as it is used in the saying أَنَا جُذَيْلُهَا المُحَكَّكُ وَعُذَيْقُهَا المُرَجَّبُ [expl. in art. جذل]. (S, O.) b2: ↓ العَرَبُ العَارِبَةُ (in which the latter word is used as a corroborative of the former as in لَيْلٌ لَائِلٌ, S, O) and ↓ العَرَبُ العَرْبَآءُ (S, A, O, Msb, K) and ↓ العَرَبُ العَرَبِيَّةُ (O) and ↓ العَرَبُ العَرِبَةُ (K) and ↓ العَرَبُ العَرِبَاتُ (CK [but this I do not find in any other copy of the K]) are appellations of The pure, or genuine Arabs: (S, A, O, K:) or those who spoke the language of Yaarub Ibn-Kahtán; which is the ancient language: (Msb:) and ↓ العَرَبُ المُسْتَعْرِبَةُ, (S, O, Msb, K,) as also ↓ العَرَبُ المُتَعَرِّبَةُ, (S, O, K,) is an appellation of The insititious [or naturalized Arabs]; (K;) those who are not pure, or genuine, Arabs: (S, O:) or those who spoke the language of Ismá'eel [or Ishmael] the son of Ibráheem [or Abraham], i. e., the dialects of El-Hijáz and the parts adjacent thereto: (Msb:) and the appellation of ↓ مُسْتَعْرِبَةٌ is thought by Az to apply [also] to people not of pure Arabian descent, who have introduced themselves among the Arabs, and speak their language, and imitate their manner or appearance. (TA.) [The former division is most reasonably considered as consisting of the extinct tribes ('Ád, Thamood, and others mentioned in what follows); or of these together with the unmixed descendants of Kahtán, whose claims to the appellation of genuine Arabs are held by many to be equally valid: and the latter division, as consisting of those whose origin is referred, through Ma'add and 'Adnán, to Ismá'eel (or Ishmael), whose wife was descended from Kahtán. What I find in the TA, on this subject, is as follows.] The former of these two divisions consisted of nine tribes, descendants of Irem [or Aram] the son of Sám [or Shem] the son of Nooh [or Noah]; namely, 'Ád, Thamood, Umeiyim, 'Abeel, Tasm, Jedees, 'Imleek [or Amalek], Jurhum, and Webári; and from them Ismá'eel [or Ishmael is said to have] learned the Arabic language: and the ↓ مُتَعَرِّبَة are [said to be] the descendants of Ismá'eel, the descendants of Ma'add the son of 'Adnán the son of Udd: so says Abu-l-Khattáb Ibn-Dihyeh, surnamed Dhun-Nesebeyn: or the former division consisted of seven tribes, namely, 'Ád, Thamood, 'Imleek, Tasm, Jedees, Umeiyim, and Jásim; the main portion of whom has become extinct, some remains of them, only, being scattered among the [existing] tribes: so says IDrd: and the appellation of ↓ العَرَبُ العَارِبَةُ is also given to the descendants of Yaarub the son of Kahtán [only]. (TA.) [It should be observed, however, that the appellation of ↓ المُتَعَرِّبَةُ is, by those who hold the extinct tribes above mentioned as the only genuine Arabs, applied to the unmixed descendants of Kahtán; and ↓ المُسْتَعْرِبَةُ, to those who are held to be the descendants of Ismá'eel: thus in the Mz, 1st نوع.

Also, it should be observed that the appellation of ↓ العَرَبُ العَارِبِةُ, in the conventional language of Arabic lexicology, is often applied to the Arabs of the classical ages, and the later Arabs of the desert who retained the pure language of their ancestors, indiscriminately: it is thus applied by writers quoted in the Mz (1st نوع) to all the descendants of Kahtán, and those of Ma'add the son of 'Adnán (through whom all the descendants of Ismá'eel trace their ancestry) who lived before the corruption, among them, of the Arabic language.] b3: ↓ الأَعْرَابُ is the appellation given to Those [Arabs] who dwell in the desert; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) such as go about in search of herbage and water; and Az adds, whether of the Arabs or of their freedmen: he says that it is applied to those who alight and abide in the desert, and are neighbours of the dwellers in the desert, and journey, or migrate, with them, to seek after herbage and water: (Msb:) it is not a pl. of العَرَبُ, not being like الأَنْبَاطُ, which is pl. of النَّبَطُ; (S, O;) but is a [coll.] gen. n.: (S:) الأَعَارِيبُ occurs as its pl. (S, O, K) in chaste poetry: (S:) it has no sing. [properly so termed]: (K:) the rel. n. is ↓ أَعْرَابِىٌّ, (S, O,) which is applied to single person; (Msb;) as also بَدَوِىٌّ: (TA:) Az says, if one say to an أَعْرَابِىّ, يَا عَرَبِىُّ, he is pleased; and if one say to an عَرَبِىّ, يَا أَعْرَابِىُّ, he is angry. (TA.) b4: Authors differ as to the cause why the عَرَب were thus called: some say, because of the perspicuity of their speech, from إِعْرَابٌ: others, that they were so called from Yaarub the son of Kahtán, who is said to have been the first that spoke the Arabic language; his original language having been, as asserted by IDrd, [what the Arabs term] Syriac; though some say that Ismá'eel was the first that spoke the Arabic language; and some, that Yaarub was the first that spoke Arabic, and that Ismá'eel was the first that spoke the pure Arabic of El-Hijáz, in which the Kur-án was revealed: others say that the عَرَب were so called from العَرَبَةُ, the name of a tract near El-Medeeneh, or a name of Mekkeh and the adjacent region, where Ismá'eel settled, or the same as Tihámeh [as is said in the Mgh, in which this is pronounced to be the most correct derivation], or the general name of the peninsula of Arabia, which is also called العَرَبَاتُ [as is said in the Msb]: but some say that they were so called in like manner as were the فُرْس and the رُوم and the تُرْك and others, not after the name of a land or other than a land, but by the coining of the name, not a term expressive of a quality or a state or condition &c. (TA.) [If the country were called العَرَبَةُ, an inhabitant thereof might be called, agreeably with analogy, عَرَبِىٌّ; and then, the people collectively, العَرَبُ: but I think that the most probable derivation is from the old Hebrew word

עְרֶב, meaning “ a mixed people,”

which the Arabs assert themselves to have been, almost from the first; and in favour of this derivation it may be reasonably urged that the old Himyeritic language agrees more in its vocabulary with the Hebrew and Phœnician than it does with the classical and modern Arabic.]

A2: See also عَرَبَةٌ.

A3: And see عَرِبٌ.

A4: [It also app. signifies (assumed tropical:) Vagueness (considered as an unsoundness) in a word; from the same as inf. n. of عَرِبَ used in relation to the stomach &c.:] see 4, latter half.

عَرِبٌ [part. n. of عَرِبَ, q. v.: as such signifying] Having the stomach in a bad, or corrupt, state. (O, K.) And مَعِدَةٌ عَرِبَةٌ A stomach in a bad, or corrupt, state, (S, O, TA,) from being burdened. (TA.) b2: Also, and ↓ عَرَبٌ, (O, K,) the former of which is the more common, (TA,) and ↓ عُرْبُبٌ, (O, K,) Abundant water, (O, K,) such as is clear, or limpid. (K.) And نَهْرٌ عَرِبٌ (TA) and ↓ عَارِبٌ and ↓ عَارِبَةٌ (K) A river containing abundance of water. (K, TA.) And بِئْرٌ عَرِبَةٌ A well containing much water. (K.) b3: عَرِبَةٌ applied to a woman: see عَرُوبٌ, in four places. b4: العَرَبُ العَرِبَةُ and العَرِبَاتُ: see العَرَبُ, first quarter.

عَرْبَةٌ: see عِرَابَةٌ.

عَرَبَةٌ A river that flows with a vehement, or strong, current. (S, O, K.) A2: And i. q. نَفْسٌ [The soul, mind, or self]. (S, O, K.) [It is thought to occur in a pl. sense, without ة, as a coll. gen. n., in the following sense, quoted in the S immediately after the explanation above.] A poet says, (S,) namely, Ibn-Meiyádeh, (O,) لَمَّا أَتَيْتُكَ أَرْجُو فَضْلَ نَائِلِكُمْ

↓ نَفَحْتَنِى نَفَحَةً طَابَتْ لَهَا العَرَبُ [When I came to thee, hoping for the redundance of your bounty, thou gavest me a gift with which the souls were pleased]: (S, O:) thus related by some, and expl. as meaning طَابَتْ لَهَا النُّفُوسُ: but the [approved] relation is, طَارَتْ بِهَا العَرَبُ [(assumed tropical:) which the Arabs made to fly upon the wings of fame], i. e. حَدَّثَتِ العَرَبُ النَّاسَ بِهَا [meaning (assumed tropical:) of which the Arabs talked to the people]. (O.) A3: Also sing. of عَرَبَاتٌ (TA) which is the name of Certain stationary vessels that used to be in the Tigris. (K, TA.) b2: [As meaning A wheel-carriage of any kind (which is commonly called in Egypt عَرَبِيَّة) it is post-classical.]

العَرَبُ العَرْبَآءُ: see العَرَبُ, first quarter: and see عَرْبَانُ.

عُرْبُبٌ: see عَرِبٌ.

عَرَبِىٌّ; and العَرَبُ العَرَبِيَّةُ: see العَرَبُ, first quarter. b2: لَا تَنْقُشُوا فِى خَوَاتِيمِكُمْ عَرَبِيًّا, (Mgh, O, K, TA,) in a trad., or, as some relate it, ↓ العَرَبِيَّةَ, (TA,) means Engrave not on your signets مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللّٰهِ; (Mgh, O, K, TA;) because this was engraved on the Prophet's own signet: (O, TA:) as though he had said, نَبِيًّا عَرَبِيًّا [an Arabian prophet]; meaning himself. (O, K, TA.) Omar said, ↓ لَا تَنْقُشُوا فِى خَوَاتِيمِكُمُ العَرَبِيَّةَ [Engrave not on your signets Arabic]: and Ibn-'Omar disapproved of engraving on a signet words from the Kur-án. (Mgh, * O, TA.) [عَرَبِىُّ الوَجْهِ often occurs in post-classical works as meaning Having an Arab face; i. e. long-faced; opposed to تُرْكِىُّ الوَجْهِ.] b3: See also عِرَابٌ, in two places.

A2: Also A white barley, the ears of which are bifurcate [so I render, agreeably with the TK, سُنْبُلُهُ حَرْفَانِ]: (K, TA:) it is wide, and its grain is large, larger than the grain of the barley of El-'Irak, and it is the best of barley. (TA.) العَرَبِيَّةُ The Arabic language; (S, TA;) the language of the Kur-án. (Msb.) Katádeh says that the tribe of Kureysh used to cull, or select, what was most excellent in the dialects of the Arabs, [in the doing of which they were aided by the confluence of pilgrims from all parts of the country,] so that their dialect became the most excellent of all, and the Kur-án was therefore revealed in that dialect. (TA.) See also عَرَبِىٌّ, in two places. b2: And see عُرُوبَةٌ.

عَرْبَانُ [written in the TA without any syll. signs, but it is app. thus, fem. عَرْبَآءُ (like حَيْرَآءُ fem. of حَيْرَانُ), whence, probably, the appellation ↓ العَرَبُ العَرْبَآءُ,] A man chaste, uncorrupt, or free from barbarousness, in speech: so in the Towsheeh. (TA.) [See also عَرِيبٌ.]

عُرْبَانٌ and عُرُبَّانٌ: see what next follows.

عَرَبُونٌ and عُرْبُونٌ and ↓ عُرْبَانٌ (Mgh, * O, Msb, K) and ↓ عُرُبَّانٌ, mentioned on the authority of Ibn-Es-Seed, as of the dial. of El-Hijáz, and عَرْبُونٌ, mentioned by AHei, but this last is a vulgar word, and is disallowed by Lb; (TA;) as also أَرَبُونٌ and أُرْبُونٌ and أُرْبَانٌ; (Mgh, * Msb, K;) [An earnest, or earnest-money;] a portion of the price, whereby a bargain is ratified; (K, TA;) a thing that is paid by the purchaser of a commodity, (Mgh, O, Msb,) or by the hirer of a thing, (Msb,) on the condition that if the sale (Mgh, O, Msb) or hire (Msb) have effect, it shall be reckoned as part of the price, and otherwise shall not be reclaimed; (Mgh, O, Msb;) called by the vulgar رَبُون: (O:) it is forbidden in a trad., (Mgh, O, TA,) and by most of the lawyers, but allowed by some: (TA:) عربون is said by As to be a foreign word arabicized, (Msb,) and so say many authors; though it is said by some of the expositors of the Fs to be from التَّعْرِيبُ signifying “ the making clear, plain,” &c.; اربون being also derived from أُرْبَةٌ signifying “ a knot: ” (TA:) and [it is said that] the ن in عربون and عربان may be augmentative or radical, because one says أَعْرَبَ فِى كَذَا and عَرْبَنَ. (O.) b2: [Hence,] أَلْقَى عَرَبُونَهُ (assumed tropical:) He ejected his excrement, or ordure. (O, K, TA.) عِرْبِيَآءُ: see عَرُوبَآءُ.

عَرَابٌ The fruit of the species of tree called خَزَم [q. v.], of the bark of which [tree] ropes are made: (O, K, TA:) [beads which are used in prayer are made thereof, (Freytag, from the Deewán of the Hudhalees,) i. e., of the berries thus called, and] it [the fruit] is eaten by the apes, or monkeys, and sometimes, in a case of hunger, by men: n. un. with ة. (O, TA.) خَيْلٌ عِرَابٌ Horses of pure Arabian race; (Mgh, K;) opposed to بَرَاذِينُ; (S, O, Msb;) also termed ↓ أَعْرُبٌ and ↓ مُعْرِبَةٌ, (K,) which last [erroneously written in the CK مَعْرِبَةٌ] is fem. of مُعْرِبٌ, signifying a horse having no strain of admixture of other than Arabian blood: (Ks, S, O:) one of such horses is [also] termed ↓ عَرَبِىٌّ: (Mgh, Msb:) by the pl. عِرَابٌ, they distinguish beasts from human beings. (Mgh.) b2: And إِبِلٌ عِرَابٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and ↓ أَعْرُبٌ (TA) Camels of pure Arabian race: (K;) opposed to بَخَاتِىٌّ. (S, O, Msb.) b3: And بَقَرٌ عِرَابٌ A goodly sort of oxen, of generous race, with short and fine hair, smooth, or sleek, (Msb,) having even backs, and thick hoofs and hides: one of which is termed ↓ عَرَبِىٌّ. (TA voce دَرَبَانِيَّةٌ.) عَرُوبٌ A woman who manifests love to her husband; (IAar, S, O, K, TA;) and is obedient to him; (IAar, TA;) as also ↓ عَرُوبَةٌ: (TA:) and (so in the O and TA, but in the CK “ or ”) a woman disobedient to her husband; (IAar, O, K, TA;) unfaithful to him by unchastity; corrupt in her mind: (IAar, O, TA:) as though having two contr. meanings; [the latter meaning] from عَرْب [a mistranscription for عَرَب] signifying

“ corruptness ” of the stomach: (O:) or who loves him passionately, or excessively: or who manifests love to him, evincing passionate, or excessive, desire: [lit., evincing that; meaning what is expressed by the words immediately preceding it; for otherwise this last explanation would be the same as the first; and as I have rendered it, it is nearly the same as an explanation in the Expos. of the Jel (lvi. 36), manifesting love to her husband, by reason of passionate, or excessive, desire:] (K:) and (so in the TA, but in the CK “ or ”) a woman who is a great laugher: and ↓ عَرُوبَةٌ and ↓ عَرِبَةٌ signify the same: (K:) the pl. of the first is عُرُبٌ (S, O, K) and عُرْبٌ; (TA;) and the pl. of ↓ عَرِبَةٌ is عَرِبَاتٌ: (K:) IAth says that ↓ عَرِبَةٌ signifies a woman who is eager for play, or sport: and عُرُبٌ, he adds, is pl. of ↓ عَرِيبٌ, which signifies a woman of goodly person, who manifests love to her husband: and it is also said that عُرُبٌ signifies women who use amorous gesture or behaviour, and coquettish boldness, with feigned coyness or opposition: or who make a show of, or act with, lasciviousness: or passionately loving: and ↓ عَرِبَةٌ and عَرُوبٌ, accord. to Lh, signify a woman passionately loving, and lascivious. (TA.) عَرِيبٌ i. q. ↓ مُعْرِبٌ, which means, accord. to Az, A man chaste, uncorrupt, or free from barbarousness, in speech. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] مَا بِالدَّارِ عَرِيبٌ (S, O, K) and ↓ مُعْرِبٌ (K) (assumed tropical:) There is not in the house any one: (S, O, K:) used [in this sense] as applying to either sex, but only in a negative phrase. (TA.) b3: See also عَرُوبٌ, latter half.

العُرَيْبُ: see العَرَبُ (of which it is the dim.), second sentence.

عَرَابَةٌ: see عِرَابَةٌ. b2: Also Coïtus. (TA.) A2: And A bag with which the udder of a sheep, or goat, is covered: pl. عَرَابَاتٌ. (IAar, O, K.) عِرَابَةٌ (S, O, K) and ↓ عَرَابَةٌ (O, TA) and ↓ عَرْبَةٌ (O) or ↓ عَرْبٌ (TA) Foul, or obscene, speech or talk; (S, O, K, TA;) like إِعْرَابٌ and تَعْرِيبٌ. (K.) عَرُوبَةٌ: see عَرُوبٌ, in two places.

A2: عَرُوبَةُ (O, K) and العَرُوبَةُ (K) and (O) يَوْمُ العَرُوبَةِ (S, O) Friday; (S, O, K;) and ancient name of that day (S, O, TA) in the Time of Ignorance: (TA:) accord. to some, it is most chastely without the article; (TA;) thus it occurs in old poetry of the Time of Ignorance; (O;) and it is thought to be not Arabic; (TA;) and said to be arabicized from the Nabathæan أَرُبَا: (Har p. 340, q. v.:) accord. to others, the article is inseparable from it; and its meaning, accord. to Ibn-En-Nahhás is the manifest and magnified, from أَعْرَبَ “ he made clear, plain,” &c.; or accord. to an authority cited in the R, its meaning is mercy. (TA.) [See art. ابجد.]

عُرُوبَةٌ (S, K) and ↓ عُرُوبِيَّةٌ (K) The quality of being Arabian: (S, K, TA:) each [said to be] an inf. n. having no verb. (TA. [But see عَرُبَ at the commencement of this art. and under أَعْرَبَ.]) And ↓ عَرَبِيَّةٌ is used [in the same sense] as denoting the quality of a horse such as is termed عَرَبِىٌّ. (TA.) عَرُوبَآءُ a name of The seventh heaven: (IAth, K, TA:) or, accord. to Sub, it is ↓ عِرْبِيَآءُ, corresponding to جِرْبِيَآءُ, which is a name of “ the seventh earth; ” (TA in this art.;) or these two words are with the article ال. (TA in art. جرب.) عُرُوبِيَّةٌ: see عُرُوبَةٌ.

عَرَّابٌ One who makes عَرَابَات (pl. of عَرَابَةٌ) i. e. bags to cover the udders of sheep or goats. (IAar, O, K.) عَرَبْرَبٌ i. q. سُمَّاقٌ [i. e. Sumach]. (O, TA.) قِدْرٌ عَرَبْرَبِيَّةٌ i. q. سُمَّاقِيَّةٌ [app. meaning A cooking-pot in which food prepared with sumach is cooked]. (O.) عَارِبٌ and عَارِبَةٌ: see عَرِبٌ. b2: العَرَبُ العَارِبَةُ: see العَرَبُ, in two places.

أَعْرَبُ More, or most, distinct or plain [&c.]. (TA.) الأَعْرُبُ is a pl. of العَرَبُ [q. v.]. (Msb.) b2: See also عِرَابٌ, in two places.

الأَعْرَابُ: see العَرَبُ, latter half.

أَعْرَابِىٌّ: see العَرَبُ, latter half.

مُعْرِبٌ: see عَرِيبٌ, in two places: b2: and see عِرَابٌ. b3: Also One who has horses of pure Arabian race: (S, O:) one who has with him a horse of such race: and one who possesses, or acquires, or seeks to acquire, horses, or camels, of such race. (TA.) اسْمٌ مُعَرَّبٌ [An arabicized noun;] a noun received by the Arabs from foreigners, indeterminate, [i. e. significant of a meaning, (as is said in the Mz, 19th نوع,)], such as إِبْرِيسَم [meaning “ silk ”], and, if possible, accorded to some one of the forms of Arabic words; otherwise, spoken by them as they received it; and sometimes they derived from it: but if they received it as a proper name, it is not termed مُعَرَّبٌ, but أَعْجَمِىٌّ, like إِبْرَاهِيمُ and إِسْحَاقُ. (Msb.) [مُعَرَّبٌ alone is also used in this sense, as a subst: and as such its pl. is مُعَرَّبَاتٌ: thus in the Mz, ubi suprà; and often in lexicons &c.]

العَرَبُ المُتَعَرِّبَةُ and see العَرَبُ, each in three places.

العَرَبُ المُسْتَعْرِبَةُ: see العَرَبُ, each in three places.

زغب

1 زَغِبَ, aor. ـَ (Msb, K,) inf. n. زَغَبٌ; (Msb;) and ↓ زغّب, (JK, S, A, K,) inf. n. تَزْغِيبٌ; (S;) and ↓ ازغابّ; (K;) It, or he, was, or became, downy; or had upon it, or him, what is termed زَغَبٌ meaning as expl. below; (JK, S, K;) in any of its senses: (TA:) said of a young bird, (JK, S, A, Msb,) meaning [as above, or] its زَغَب [or down] grew forth: (A:) or its feathers were small: and, said of a boy, or a young child, his زَغَب [or downy hair] grew forth: (Msb:) and ↓ اِزْلَغَبَّ is also said of a young bird [in the same sense as the verbs above: (see art. زلغب:) or] as meaning its feathers came forth. (S.) b2: [Hence,] بَحْرٌ يَزْغَبُ (assumed tropical:) A sea, or great river, that becomes [foaming, or] in a state of commotion, and full. (JK.) 2 زَغَّبَ see the preceding paragraph: b2: and that here following.4 ازغب, said of a grape-vine, (S, K,) i. e., app., accord. to [J and] F, like أَكْرَمَ, but accord. to others of the leading lexicologists it seems to be [↓ ازغبّ,] like اِحْمَرَّ; as also ↓ ازغابّ; It produced what resembled زَغَب [or down], at the knots of the shoots, whence the bunches of grapes would grow: (TA:) this it does when the sap flows in it, (S, K, TA,) and it begins to produce leaves. (K, TA.) b2: A'Obeyd, in applying to the truffles termed بَنَاتُ أَوْبَرَ the epithet مزغبة, [written in art. وبر in copies of the K ↓ مُزْغِبَةٌ, and in the T and S and M ↓ مُزَغِّبَةٌ, but in the present art. in the TA it seems to be indicated that it is probably ↓ مُزْغِبَّةٌ,] signifying having زَغَب [i. e. down], assigns to it a verb [which may be أَزْغَبَتْ or ↓ زَغَّبَتْ or ↓ اِزْغَبَّتْ, meaning They had, or produced, a kind of downy substance]. (TA.) 8 ازدغب مَا عَلَى الخِوَانِ He took away, or swept away, [or devoured,] the whole of what was on the table of food: like ازدغف. (TA.) [See also 8 in art. زعب.]9 إِزْغَبَّ see 4, in two places.11 إِزْغَاْبَّ see 1: b2: and see also 4.

Q. Q. 4 اِزْلَغَبَّ: see 1; and see also art. زلغب.

زَغَبٌ [Down:] or the yellow [down resembling] small hairs upon the feathers of the young bird: (S:) or small and soft hair and feathers: or each of these when first coming forth: (A, K:) i. e. (TA) the small and soft hair when it first appears, of a young child, (Msb, TA,) and of a colt [or foal]; (JK, * TA;) and likewise of an old man, when his hair becomes thin and weak; (Msb;) and the feathers when they first appear, (Msb, TA,) of the young bird: (TA:) and small feathers that do not become long nor good: (JK, Msb:) n. un. with ة: (TA:) and what remains upon the head of an old man when his hair has become thin. (K.) b2: [Hence,] أَخَذَهُ بِزَغَــبِهِ (assumed tropical:) He took it at its commencement, or in its first and fresh state. (JK, K.) And أَخَذَهُ بِزَغَــبِ رَقَبَتِهِ [lit. He took him by the down of his neck;] meaning (assumed tropical:) he overtook him. (JK.) زَغِبٌ: see أَزْغَبُ, in three places.

زُغَبٌ: see أَزْغَبُ.

زُغَابَةٌ and ↓ زُغَابَى The smallest of زَغَب [or down]: (JK, K:) or something less in quantity than زَغَب: or something smaller than زَغَب. (TA.) One says, مَا أَصَبْتُ مِنْهُ زُغَابَةً (JK, A, K, TA) i. e. (assumed tropical:) [I obtained not from him, or it,] as much as what is termed زغابة: (L, TA:) or (tropical:) the least thing: (A:) or (assumed tropical:) anything. (K.) زُغَابَى: see the next preceding paragraph.

أَزْغَبُ [Downy;] having upon it, or him, what is termed زَغَب; as also ↓ زَغِبٌ: fem. of the former زَغْبَآءُ; and pl. زُغْبٌ. (TA.) You say فَرْخٌ

أَزْغَبُ [A downy young bird]: (A:) and فِرَاخٌ زُغْبٌ [downy young birds]. (S.) And رَجُلٌ

↓ زَغِبٌ [A downy man]: (JK:) or ↓ رَجُلٌ زَغِبُ الشَّعَرِ [a man having downy hair]. (Msb, TA.) And رَقَبَةٌ زَغْبَآءُ [A downy neck]. (JK, A, Msb.) And قِثَّآءُ أَزْغَبُ (AHn, A, TA) (tropical:) [A species of cucumber] having upon it what resembles the زَغَب [or down] of fur, which falls off by degrees when they become large, leaving them smooth. (AHn, TA.) [For another epithet of similar meaning, see 4, in three places.] b2: Also (assumed tropical:) A species of fig, (AHn, K,) larger than the وَحْشِىّ [or wild], upon which is زَغَب [or down]: when stripped of this, it comes forth black: it is large, thick, and sweet: but it is a worthless sort of fig. (AHn, TA.) b3: Applied to a horse, Black and white; or white in the hind legs as high as the thighs; syn. أَبْلَقُ. (K.) And [in like manner] applied to a mountain, Of which the whiteness is intermixed with its blackness; as also ↓ زُغَبٌ. (JK, K, TA. [In some of the copies of the K, for مِنَ الجِبَالِ, we find من الحِبَالِ: that the former is the right reading, contr. to the assertion of Freytag app. based on the explanation in the TK, appears from its being added that the fem.] الزَّغْبَآءُ is the name of a certain mountain in El-Kibleeyeh; (K, TA;) in some copies of the K, El-Kabaleeyeh. (TA.) مُزْغِبَةٌ, or مُزَغِّبَةٌ, or مُزْغِبَّةٌ: see 4.

وخز

1 وَخَزَهُ, (S, A, Msb,) aor. ـِ (Msb,) inf. n. وَخْزٌ (S, A, Msb, K) He pierced, stabbed, or pricked him, with a spear, (S, A, Msb, K,) or other thing, (K,) or with the like of a spear, as a dagger, (S,) and a needle, (A, Msb,) &c., (Msb,) not making the instrument to pass through: (S, A, Msb, K:) or, as some say, he did so making the instrument to pass through: in a trad., the plague (الطَّاعُون) is said to be a وَخْز inflicted by jinn, or genii; and the word in this instance is explained by some agreeably with the former rendering, and by some agreeably with the latter: or وَخْزٌ signifies a slight piercing, and is like a goading: so accord. to Khálid Ibn-Jembeh, who uses the expression وَخَزَ فِى

سَنَامِهَا بِمِبْضَعِهِ [He made a slight stab in her hump with his scarifier]. (TA.) وَخْزٌ also signifies The act of scarifying; syn. تَبْزِيغٌ. (K. [So in a MS copy of the K, and this is the right reading: in the TA, تَبْزِيع, written with ع, unpointed: in the CK, تَنْزِيع, with ن and ع instead of ب and غ.]) You say of a farrier, وَخَزَهُ بِمِبْضَعٍ وَخْزًا خَفِيفًا لَا يَبْلُغُ العَصَبَ [He scarified it with a scarifier slightly, not penetrating to the sinews]; the pronoun referring to the hoof of a horse or the like, and the place of the operation being the part called the أَشَاعِر. (Aboo-'Adnán, TA.) وَخْزٌ The plague; syn. طَاعُونٌ. (TA.) See above. b2: Pain: [or, app., a piercing, or pricking, pain:] as in the following ex.: إِنِّى لَأَجِدُ فِى يَدِى وخْزًا [Verily I feel, in my arm, or hand, a pain, or a piercing, or pricking, pain]. (IAar, TA.)

شطر: المعاجم تذكر اسم المفعول: الخبز الذي يطلى بالكامخ (هكذا ورد عند فخري 361) وكان ينبغي عليه أن يذكر معنى ان يطلي بالكامخ في قوله: وقدّامى رقاق وكامخ وأنا أشطره بالكامخ.
شطر: قطع البطيخة عدة قطع (الكالا) أو عدة أسهم أي عدة أشطر.
تشّطر: تنشط. تهذب. خرج من بساطته. تصفى، تنقى. تشطّر في فن: تقدم فيه (بوشر).
تشطّر: أصبح قاطع طريق (مملوك 1، 1، 50).
تشاطروا: عند الحديث عن أشخاص عدّة: اقتسموا شيئاً (جوب) 304: فهم يتشاطرون الغلّة على استواء.
تشاطر: تحدى: ((وحين لقي شخصاً تضايق من مرأة وبدت له فيه نذر الشؤم قام الإخشيد بضربه خمسة عشر سوطاً وحين لم ينبس المسكين بكلمة صاح الإخشيد: هوذا يتشاطر (ويقصد إنه يتحداني) فقيل له إنه كان قد مات.
ولعل فريتاج قد استند إلى هذه الفقرة حين اشتق من كلمة شاطر ما يفيد التحدي. أو يتظاهر به ويدعيّه.
شَطر: حين يتعلق الأمر بضرعي الناقة نجمعه أشطار. (مولر 51).
اشطار: قِطعَ الخبز، قطع البطيخ،، قطع الشحم، شرائح اللحم .. الخ (الكالا).
اشطار: المتوسط القامة (فوك).
شَطرُ غِب: اصطلاح طبي: حمى نصف الثلاثي التي تأتي غباً (أبو الفرج 359، 4).
شطرية: ندغ، صعتر البر (معجم الأسبانية 219 ابن العوام 1، 30).
شطرية: (في المغرب) سمكةُ كبيرة الحجم يعمل منها المُمَلحِّة (معجم المنصوري ينظر في مادة بنيّ).
شَطروان: أمت (تعرّج بارتفاع وانخفاض). (ف. أ. 484) شَطروين: تركت هذه الكلمة دون توضيح من (فوك) ولعلها مراد ف للكلمة التي مرت واعتقد أن فوك لم يجد لها مرادفاً في اللاتينية.
شطارة: رخص، سعر واطئ لا يساوي شيئاً، لا معنى له (فوك الذي يسميها باللاتينية Vilitas) .
شطارة) مجون. فسوق (حيان بسّام 3، 140): والحديث عن هشام ((وقد كان معروفاً بالشطارة في شبابه فأقلع مع شيبه فَرُجي فلاحه لصدق توبته)) وفي المرجع نفسه (بعد ذلك قليلاً) أعطى لكلمة شطارة مرادفاً آخر هو بطالة؛ ومن المقدمة 3، 410:
حل المجون يا أهل الشطارا ... مذ حَلَّت الشمس في الحمل
وقد أحسن دي سلين ترجمتها ب ((الفسّاق)).
شطارة: مهارة، فراهة، حذق، خفة، قوة. (في كل ما يمكن ان يبرع فيه) بوشر. وهي الاقتدار الفنّي والمهارة عند (مملوك) و (كوسج كرست 1، 1، 51، ومقدمة المقري والجزء الثالث من البربرية ص674).
شطارة اليد: مهارة اليد (بوشر) وكلمة الشطارة وحدها عند (بوشر) تأتى عند الحديث عن اللصوص والنشالين (زيشر 11، 502).
شطارة: نزوع نحو السرقة (المقري 1، 135،: وذلك لشطارة عامتها وكثرة شرهم وأغبائهم في أمور التلصص). شطارة: قطع الطريق: وكان مبتدأ أمره الشطارة والفتوة وحمل السلاح والعيث واجتماع السفهاء إليه (رينو الطبعة العاشرة). وقد أساء رينو حين ترجمها ب (سلوك ماكر وخادع) وكذلك (كاترمير حين ترجمها: نشاط وحيوية) (الجريدة الآسيوية 1846 ص528).
شطارة: اعتداد، زهو، ويبدو أن المقصود هو هذا الذي ورد (في ألف ليلة 1، 379): أراد شيخان أن يقاتل عشرة من الإغريق وحده فقالت له الجارية هذه الشطارة ظلم وإن كل واحد لواحد.
شطّار: فاسق الأخلاق (المقري 548).
شاطِر: رخيص، لا يساوي غير النزر القليل (فوك).
شاطِر: ماهر، حاذق، يد صناع، دقيق، رشيق، قوي (بوشر).
ونشط، ماهر (عند مملوك) (1، 51) وخفيف (الكالا)، وخبير، وماكر ومؤهل (عند هيلو) وبارع (شيرب) (وفي ألف ليلة 3، 44): حاذق.
شاطر: حاو، مشعوذ، بهلوان (ألف ليلة 6، 694): ((وتأتي قدامه الملاعب والشطار والجنك وأرباب الحركات الغريبة والملاهي العجيبة)) حيث ترجمها لين: عارضو الحيل والمهارات اليدوية والخفة وذلك حين وردت في تاريخ القيروان (مملوك 1، 1).
والكلمة (عند انتار 78) مُصارع، ومقاتل وحيث أن هؤلاء الرجال لهم بزة رسمية متميزة لذلك اعتقد أنهم المعنيون في العبارة التي وردت على لسان إمام الحرمين الذين ذكرها المستشرق جولد زيهر (زيشر 28، 315): ((الفقيه إذا لبس السلاح وزيَّ الشطار كان تاركاً للمروءة)) التغيير الذي اقترحه جولد زيهر في وضع كلمة الشُّرَط موضع الشطار كان تعسفياً. شاطر - لص، قاطع طريق (مملوك 1، 1، 50 و51. ابن بطوطة 3، 65 فريتاج كرست 54، 7 و10 والكلمة لديهم مرادفة لكلمة لَصّ، 1، 8، و12، المقدمة 1، 288، 9، 289، 3، ألف ليلة 1، 174، 1 مع شرحها: يعني حرامياً).
شاطر: كريم، سخي (الكالا).
شاطر: شجاع، وذلك الذي يحتقر الألم (فيرم 49) شاطر: تابع. خادم. غلام. رئيس الخدم. مغناج. سيّاف (بوشر).
شاطر: عدّاء على الأقدام، ساعي بريد (سان جرفيه 108 علماً أن هناك خطأ في الطباعة حيث وردت كلمة Chaler والمقصود بها Chater) ومعناها أيضاً: غلام في خدمة أمير (رحلة افتداء الأسرى 101). وفي المعجم التركي (لمؤلفيه كيفر وبيانجي): ((هذه الكلمة تعني خدم المقصورة (أي الخدم المكلفين بإدخال المدعوين) المزنرّين بزنار مغطى بالفضة المذهبة مع تفاحة كبيرة من المعدن المذهب نفسه في المقدمة. في الإمبراطورية العثمانية ليس هناك غير الباشوات والقابجي باشي ممن يملك امتياز تسيير أحد الخدم أمامه وهو بهذا الزي، الفرق الوحيد هو أن القابجي باشي لا يملك استخدام اكثر من واحد أما الباشا ذو الرايات الثلاث فله استخدام ستة خدم في الأقل)) في تونس كانوا يستخدمون، في السابق، مستخدمين أتراكاً لخدمة السيد الكبير (أي السلطان) واجبهم خنق الباشا الذي يصدر السلطان حكمه عليه (أفجيست 11، 95).
شاطر باشي: وصيف (بج).
شاطرة: قسطران (بوشر) نبات معطّس، فاتح للشهية.
اشطرُ: هو اشطر من .... الخ (بوشر).
تشطير: التشطير في الشعر (محيط المحيط ص466).

شطر

1 شَطَرَهُ, (A, MA, O, TA,) [aor. ـُ inf. n. شَطْرٌ; (MA;) and ↓ شطّرهُ, (K,) inf. n. تَشْطِيرٌ; (TA;) He halved it; divided it into halves. (A, MA, O, K, TA.) b2: شَطَرَهَا, aor. ـُ (S,) inf. n. شَطْرٌ, (S, K,) He milked one شَطْر of her, (namely, a camel, or a ewe or goat, S, [i. e., in the former case one pair of teats, and in the latter case one teat,]) and left the other شَطْر. (S, K.) A2: شَطَرَتْ and شَطُرَتْ, aor. ـُ (K,) inf. n. شِطَارٌ, (TA,) She (a ewe or goat) had one of her teats dried up: or had one teat longer than the other. (K.) [شِطَارٌ seems to be also Syn. with حِضَانٌ as expl. in this Lex.: see also the latter word in Freytag's Lex.: Reiske, as cited by Freytag, explains the former word as meaning “ quando latus unum vulvæ præ altero propendet. ”] b2: شَطَرَ بَصَرُهُ, (S, K, TA, and so in the O voce سَصَرَ, q. v., [in some copies of the S and K and in a copy of the A, erroneously, بَصَرَهُ,]) aor. ـُ (S,) inf. n. شُطُورٌ (S, K) and شَطْرٌ, (TA,) He was as though he were looking at thee and at another: (S, A, K:) on the authority of Fr. (TA.) b3: شَطَرَ شَطْرَهُ He repaired, or betook himself, in the direction of him, or it: or الشَّطْرُ in the sense of الجِهَةُ and النَّاحِيَةُ has no verb belonging to it. (K.) b4: شَطَرَتِ الدَّارُ The house, or abode, was distant, or remote. (Mgh, Msb.) b5: شَطَرَ, (S, K,) aor. ـُ (K;) and شَطُرَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. شَطَارَةٌ, of both verbs, (S, K,) or this is a simple subst., (Msb,) and شُطُورٌ; (L;) [and ↓ تشاطر; (A in art. عذر;)] He was, or became, or acted, like a شَاطِر [q. v.]. (S, K.) And شَطَرَ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ, (A, Msb,) or شَطَرَ عَنْهُمْ, (S, * K,) aor. ـُ (Msb,) inf. n. شُطُورٌ and شُطُورَةٌ and شَطَارَةٌ, (K,) or this last is a simple subst., (Msb,) He withdrew far away (S, * A, K *) from his family; or broke off from them, or quitted them, in anger: (A, K:) or he disagreed with his family, and wearied them by his wickedness (Msb, TA) and baseness. (Msb.) 2 شَطَّرَ see 1, first sentence. b2: شطّر نَاقَتَهُ, (S,) or بِنَاقَتِهِ, (K,) inf. n. تَشْطِيرٌ, (S, K,) He bound two of the teats of his she-camel with the صِرَار [q. v.], (S, K,) leaving (the other) two (unbound). (K.) 3 شَاطَرْتُهُ مَالِى I halved with him my property; (S, K;) I retained half of my property and gave him the other half. (M, TA.) b2: And شَاطَرْتُ طَلِيِّى I left for my lamb, or kid, one teat [of the mother], having milked the other teat and bound it with the صِرَار [q. v.]. (S.) 6 تَشَاْطَرَ see 1, last sentence but one.

شَطْرٌ The half of a thing; (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ شَطِيرٌ: (TA:) pl. [of pauc.] أَشْطُرٌ (S, K) and [of mult.] شُطُورٌ. (K.) It is said in a prov., اُحْلُبْ حَلَبًا لَكَ شَطْرُهُ [Milk thou a milking of which half shall be for thee]. (S.) And one says شَعَرٌ شَطْرَانِ Hair [half] black and [half] white. (A.) Accord. to Ibráheem El-Harbee, (O,) the saying of the Prophet,

مَنْ مَنَعَ صَدَقَةً فَإِنَّا آخِذُوهَا وَشَطْرَ مَالِهِ [Whoso refuses to render a poor-rate, verily we take it from him, and half of his property], thus related by Bahz, is a mistake, and the right wording is, وَشُطِرَ مَالُهُ, meaning and his property shall be divided into two halves, and the collector of the poor-rate shall have the option given him and shall take that rate from out of the better of the two halves, as a punishment for the man's refusal of the rate; (O, K;) but it is said that this law was afterwards abrogated: (O:) Esh-Sháfi'ee, however, says that, in the old time, when one refused the poor-rate of his property, it was taken from him, and half of his property was taken as a punishment for his refusal; and he adduces this trad. as evidence thereof; but says that in recent times, only the poor-rate was taken from him, and this trad. was asserted to be abrogated. (TA. [More is there said on this subject, but I omit it as unprofitable.]) b2: It occurs in two trads. as meaning Half a مَكُّوك [q. v.], or half a وَسْق [q. v.], of barley. (TA.) b3: [In prosody, Half a verse.] b4: Also (tropical:) A part, or portion, or somewhat, of a thing; (Mgh, K;) and so ↓ شَطِيرٌ. (TA.) In the trad. of the night-journey, فَوَضَعَ شَطْرَهَا means (assumed tropical:) [And He remitted] part, or somewhat, thereof; (K;) i. e., of the prayer. (TA.) And similar is the saying in another trad., الطَّهُورُ شَطْرُ الإِيمَانِ (assumed tropical:) [Purification is part of faith]. (TA.) b5: Either the fore pair or the hind pair of the teats of a she-camel: she has two pairs of teats, a fore pair and a hind pair, and each pair is thus called: (S, K:) and either of the two teats of a ewe or she-goat: (IAar, TA:) pl. أَشْطُرٌ. (S, TA.) Hence the saying, (S,) فُلَانٌ حَلَبَ الدَّهْرَ أَشْطُرَهُ (tropical:) Such a one has known, or tried, varieties of fortune: (S, * TA:) has experienced the good and evil of fortune; (S, K, TA;) its straitness and its ampleness: being likened to one who has milked all the teats of a camel, that which yields plenty of milk and that which does not; the fore pair being the good; and the hind pair, the evil: or, as some say, أَشْطُر means streams, or flows, of milk: and [in like manner] one says, حَلَبَ الدَّهْرَ شَطْرَيْهِ. (TA.) And, as is said in the “ Kámil ” of Mbr, one says of a man experienced in affairs, فُلَانٌ قَدْ حَلَبَ أَشْطُرَهُ (tropical:) Such a one has endured the difficulties and [enjoyed] the ampleness of fortune, and managed his affairs in poverty and in wealth: lit., has milked his pairs of teats, one pair after another. (TA.) b6: Also A direction in which one looks or goes or the like. (S, A, Msb, K.) One says, قَصَدَ شَطْرَهُ He went in his, or its, direction; towards him, or it. (S, A.) And it is said in the Kur [ii. 139 and 144 and 145], فَوَلِّ وَجْهَكَ شَطْرَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ Then turn thou thy face in the direction of the Sacred Mosque. (Fr, S.) The noun in this sense has no verb belonging to it: or one says, شَطَرَ شَطْرَهُ [expl. above: see 1]. (K.) b7: Also Distance, or remoteness. (TA.) شُطُرٌ: see شَطِيرٌ [of which it is both a syn. and a pl.].

وَلَدُ فُلَانٍ شِطْرَةٌ The offspring of such a one are half males and half females. (S, A, K. [In the Ham p. 478, it is written شَطْرة.]) شَطْرَانُ, (S, A, K,) fem. شَطْرَى, (K,) A bowl, (S, K,) or vessel, (A, K,) half full. (S, A, K.) شَطُورٌ A ewe, or she-goat, having one teat longer than the other; (S, O, K;) like حَضُونٌ in this sense [and perhaps in others also, agreeably with what is said of شِطَارٌ in the first paragraph of this art.]: (S in art. حَضن:) and (so in the S and O, but in the K “ or ”) one having one of her teats dried up: (S, O, K:) and a she-camel having two of her teats dried up; for she has four teats. (S, O.) And A garment, or piece of cloth, having one of the two extremities of its breadth longer than the other. (O, K.) b2: See also the next paragraph.

شَطِيرٌ: see شَطْرٌ, in two places.

A2: Also Distant, or remote; (As, S, A, Mgh, Msb, K;) applied to a town, or country, (As, S,) an abode, (A, Mgh, Msb,) and a tribe. (A.) And so ↓ شُطُرٌ in the phrase نَوًى شُطُرٌ [A distant tract, or region, towards which one journeys]: (S, K:) so too ↓ شَطُورٌ in the phrase نِيَّةٌ شَطُورٌ [which may mean as above, (like نِيَّةٌ شَطُونٌ,) or a remote, or farreaching, intention, or aim, or purpose]. (TA.) b2: Also A stranger; (S, O, Msb, K;) because of his remoteness from his people; (TA;) as in a verse cited voce إِذًا: (S, O:) or one who is alone, or solitary: (A:) pl. شُطُرٌ. (TA.) شَاطِرٌ [One who withdraws far away from his family; or breaks off from them, or quits them, in anger: (see 1, last sentence:) or] one who disagrees with his family, (Msb,) and who wearies them by his wickedness (S, Msb, K) and baseness (Msb) and guile: (TA:) i. q. خَلِيعٌ [meaning as above, and having other similar meanings; generally vitious, or immoral; bad, evil, wicked, or mischievous]: (A:) accord. to some, it is post-classical: Aboo-Is-hák says that it signifies one who takes a wrong course: it is also expl. as signifying one who outstrips; like the [messenger called] بَرِيد, who takes a long journey in a short space of time: and hence, [as a conventional term of the mystics,] it is applied to one who outstrips, and is quick, in attaining nearness to God: or as meaning one who has wearied his family, and withdrawn far from them [n spirit], though with them [bodily], because of their inviting him to carnal lusts, and accustomed ways [of the world]: (TA:) [in the present day, it is applied to a sharper, or clever thief: and to any clever, or cunning, person:] pl. شُطَّارٌ. (TA.) مَشْطُورٌ [Halved. b2: And hence,] A verse of the metre termed الرَّجَز, (O, K,) and of that termed السَّرِيع, (TA,) having three of its six feet wanting; (O, K;) properly, having half thereof taken away. (O.) A2: Also Bread done over with [the seasoning, or condiment, called] كَامَخ. (O, K.) هُمْ مُشَاطِرُونَا They are persons whose houses adjoin ours. (O, K.).

شرط: شَرَط: يقال عن البائع: شرط في الشيء عيوباً. أي ذكر أن في الشيء الذي يبيعه للمشتري عيوباً. (انظره في مادة بِرْكة) شرط: شق الشيء بآلة حادة، ففي ألف ليلة (2: 290): وجدت خُرْجِي مشروطاً وقد سُرق منهِ كيس. وفي ألف ليلة (2: 292): قطعتَ الخرج بهذه السكين وأخذت الكيس.
شرط الثوب: شقه (محيط المحيط)، بوشر، ألف ليلة 2: 173، برسل 4: 171: 172)، وفي حكاية باسم الحداد (ص122): كل واحد منكم يأخذ واحد كمن هؤلاء الثلاثة ويشرط من ذيله ويعصب عيَنيه ويشهر سيفه ويقف على راس غريمه حتى ارسم له بضرب رقبته.
وفي (ص123) منها: وشرط ذيلة وعصب عينيه. وهي مرادف شقّ، ففي (ص128) منها: فشق من ذيلة وعصب عينيه.
شرط: والمصدر شروطة وشَرُوط وشَررُوط ذكرت في معجم فوك في مادة eferari يظهر أن معناها شرص وهي تصحيف في هذه المادة أيضاً.
شرَّط (بالتشديد): خطّط، رسم خطوطاً؛ ألكالا، هلو).
شرَّط: وشَّم (برتون 2: 257، معجم البربر).
شارط: في محيط المحيط: والمولَّدون يستعملون شَارَطَه بمعنى عاهَدَه في المعاملة على أمر يلتزم به. وأرى أن معنى هذه الكلمة في الأعمال التجارية تعاقد معه بشروط يلتزم بها.
شارطه بالمال: يظهر أن معناها التزم أن يدفع له مبلغاً من المال مقابل عمل يقوم له به، ففي تاريخ البربر (1: 608): وجهَّزهم لانتهاز الفرصة في توزر مع العرب المشارَطين في مثلها بالمال. وفي المقري (3: 53): ثم داخله السلطان في تولية العُمَّال على يده بالمشارطات فجمع له بها أموالاً. وكلمة مشارطة تعنى هنا: تعهد يتعهد به الوزير بان يلتزم أن يحمل السلطان على تعيينه شخص في منصب بشرط أن يدفع له مبلغاً من المال إذا ما تمَ تعيينه في هذا المنصب.
شارط: راهن (بوشر).
تشرّط: اقترح شروطاً. ففي حياة صلاح الدين (ص50): فلم يحصل من جانبه سوى تشرُّط كان الدخول تحته أخطر من حرب السلطان.
تشارط: في أبحاث (2 ملحق ص47): على ما تشارطاه أي على ما اتفقا عليه بينهما.
تشارط معه على الثمن: اتفق معه على الثمن (بوشر).
انشرط: مطاوع شرط. ففي عباد (2: 18): بغَهْدٍ انشرط عليه.
اشترط: شرط، عين شرطاً. ففي النويري (الأندلس ص474): وأمضى أمير المؤمنين عَهْدُه هذا وأجازه وأنفذه ولم يشترط فيه مثنوية ولا خيارا.
وفي عباد (2: 75): اشترط المدينة أي شرط أن تسلم له هذه المدينة مكافأة له على ما قدم من خدمات.
اشترط له كذا: التزمه (محيط المحيط). وفي البكري (186): اسمح لك أن تفعلي هذا على أن تشترطي لي شرطاً وتعقد (تعقدي) لي على نفسك عقداً تلتزميه.
وفي حديث عن الرسول (ص) إنه قال لعائشة (دي ساسي طرائف 1: 549، 460): خُذِيها واشترطي لهم الولاء. وأرى أن المعنى خذي بريرة وتعهدي لمالكيها أن لهم الولاء (كما يريدون) أي: أعطيهم حق الولاء كما ترجمها دي ساسي.
اشترط: في معجم فوك في مادة iactare هذا الفعل وغيره من الأفعال التي ذكرها في هذا المادة تعنى في هذه المادة تعنى تباهى وجخف، وأعجب بنفسه. ولا ادري كيف ان اشترط تدل على هذا المعنى.
اشترط: ابتلع دون مضغ، ففي ابن البيطار (1: 32) في كلامه عن السقنقور: وهو من الماء يغتذى بالسمك وفي البر يغتذى بالسمندل وغير ذلك، وهو يشترط ما يغتذى به اشتراطاً. ويقول المؤلف إنه وجد هذه الحيوانات في أمعاء السقنقور دون أن تتغير.
شَرْط: مادة في المعاهدة، مادة في العقد، بند. وجمعها شروطات أي اتفاقات العقد (بوشر).
شرط: وفاق، اتفاق بعد الاختلاف (بوشر).
شرط: عقد، عهد، تعاقد (المقري 1: 603، دي سلان المقدمة 1: 74) وفي كتاب الخطيب (ص22 و): كان من شيوخ كتاب الشروط. ومن هذا علم الشروط وهو علم كتابة العقود والتعهدات (ابن خلطان 1: 27).
شروط: للإخبار عن علامات الساعة، أي القيامة لا يقولون فقط أَشرْاط الساعة (انظر لين في مادة شَرَط) بل يقولون أيضاً: شُرُوط الساعة (ابن جبير ص343) وشروط القيامة (فوك) والشروط وحدها (المقدمة 3: في أول الجزء).
شرط: عادة، ففي كوسج (طرائف ص93): وكان شرط مساء العرب في ذلك الزمان أنهن يشربن لبن النياق عند المساء والصباح.
شَرْطَة: شقوق، آثار شقوق، ففي رحلة ابن بطوطة (2: 192): لهم شرطان في وجودهم (انظر: شرَّط).
شَرْطة: خرق، تمزيق في النسيج إذا تعلق بشيء ما.
شَرْطة: خط في الكتف (بوشر).
شَرْطة: خط بالقلم (بوشر).
شَرْطة: خليط بين كلمتين. (بوشر).
شَرْطة: فاصلة (بوشر).
شِرْطة: قطعة صغيرة مشروطة أي مشقوقة من الثوب (محيط المحيط).
شُرْطَة: قيل للسيد دي سلان (ترجمة ابن خلكان 1: 539 رقم2، الجريدة الأسيوية 1862، 2: 160) في عبارات أسيء فهمها أن هذه الكلمة تعنى نوعاً من الضرائب (انظر مقالتي حَدَث).
شَرْطِي: وليس شُرطي كما في معجم فريتاج: مشترط. (فوك).
شَرْطِيّ: اتفاقي (بوشر).
شُرْطى: رجل البوليس، حافظ الأمن في البلد. ولما كان الشرطة يقومون بكل أعمال حفظ الأمن فقد أصبحت كلمة شُرْطي تعني الجلاد أيضاً (ألكالا) كما أن الكلمة الأسبانية Sayon قد أصبحت تدل على نفس المعنى.
شُرْطِي: مختلس، نشّال، حرامي (بوشر) ففي ألف ليلة (2: 116): حراميّة وشرطيَّة.
شَرِطيَّة: صحيفة التعاقد، عقد (محيط المحيط).
شَريط: خيط من خوص النخل يربط به العرب مكَانسهم. (دلابورت ص77، جاكسون ص107، ص263).
شَريط حبل بصورة عامة (معجم الإدريسي، فوك) ووتَر القيثارة والكمنجة أيضاً (معجم الإدريسي) عَذَاب الشريط: تعذيب بالهُوِيّ وهو أن يرفع المجرم في أعلى خشبةٍ طويلة وقد ربطت يداه خلف ظهره بحبل كما ربطت بهذا الحبل رجلاه أيضاً ثم يرمى به بعنف حتى يصل إلى نحو قدمين أو ثلاثة أقدام من الأرض.
شَريط وجمعه أشرطة: وشاح (بوشر).
شَرَيط: شارة السلطة، وهدب الثوب وحاشيتة (كَشكش)، كنار، (بوشر، معجم الإدريسي، همبرت ص20، هلو وفيه الجمع المكسر شروط).
شريط: خيط من المعدن، مثلاً شريط حديد: خيط حديد (بوشر، معجم الإدريسي، محيط المحيط).
شريط: قطعة ضيقة من الأرض على طول البستان. وزخرف في فن العمارة قليل العرض (بوشر).
شريط وجمعه شريطان: مرادف سَيْف. (ألف ليلة 3: 449) وانظر: سيف في (3: 450) منها وفي (3: 469) منها: وسحب شريط البولاد في يده فالتفت اليهودي وعزم وقال ليده قفي بالسيف فوقفت يده بالسيف في الهواء (برسل 9: 249).
شَريَطة وجمعه شَرَائِط: حبل (معجم الأدريسي).
شَرَيطَة: ربطة الساق (ألكالا).
شَرِيَطَة: ضفيرة تنسج من الحرير أو القطن ونحوها (محيط المحيط).
شَرِيطة (بالأسبانية Xaretas وهي مأخوذة منها: ومعناها شرك أو كفاف (كف الثوب وغيره) يصنع من حبال أو حواجز خشبية تغطى جنود الاسطول عند القتال. وتعنى Xareta الأسبانية الغمد والقراب وكفافة التكة تمر به التكة لربط التنورة.
شَرِيطَة: في مادة: exalto ومادة examen ذكر في المعجم اللاتيني - العربي: exalo حكم وامتحان ثم شريطة. غير أن هذا الاسم غير موجود في اللاتينية.
فإذا ما قرأناه exaio (= exagio وهي مشتقة من exagio وهي مشتقة من exagium أي امتحان وتجربة واختبار) فالكلمتان الأوليتان تدلان على المعنى، غير أن المؤلف أراد أن يذكر معنى آخر للكلمة غير هذين المعنيين فأشار إليه بقوله ثم فتعذر على فهمها.
شَرَارِيط (جمع): حبال، شرائط (ألف ليلة 1: 69).
شرّاط: من يشرّط (الجلد أو يكرب الأرض ونحوه) (ألكالا).
شَرَّاط: حبَّال، برْام، فتّال (ألكالا، دومب ص104) شُرّوط: مرهم شمع (قيروطي). مرهم شمعي، وهو نوع من المراهم يستعمل الشمع في تركيبه (ألكالا)، وهي الكلمة الأسبانية Cerote ( باللاتينية Cerotum وباليونانية كسيروتون) وقد عربت بكلمة قيروط.
أشراط: جمع شرطي، رجال البوليس. ففي حيان (ص3 ق، ص4 ق): فصاح سعيد بأشراطه أن ردّوه فارجلوه. (حيان - بسام 1: 33 ق) وقد ذكرت فيه مرتين.
تَشْريطة: وجمعها تَشاريط: قطع، تقضيب، فصل (ألكالا).
تَشْرِيطة: شريط، خطّ (ألكالا).
اشْتِراط: تحديد، تخصيص، حمر، تقييد (بوشر).

شرط

1 شَرَطَ عَلَيْهِ كَذَا, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ and شَرُطَ, (S, Msb,) inf. n. شَرْطٌ; (Msb;) and عليه ↓ اشترط كذا; (S, * Msb, * K, * TA;) both signify the same; (S, Msb, K;) [He imposed such a thing as a condition, or by stipulation, upon him;] he made such a thing a condition against him. (TK.) And شَرَطَ عَلَيْهِ فِى البَيْعِ He imposed a thing as obligatory upon him in the sale, and took it upon himself as such. (TK.) A2: شَرَطَ, aor. ـِ and شَرُطَ, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. شَرْطٌ, (Msb, K,) He (a cupper) scarified; syn. بَزَغَ; (S, K;) as also ↓ شرّط, inf. n. تَشْرِيطٌ. (JK in art. بزغ, and TA. *) [Hence, and from the verb in the sense first mentioned, the saying,] رُبَّ شَرْطِ شَارِطٍ أَوْجَعُ مِنْ شَرْطِ شَارِطٍ

[Many a condition of one making a condition is more painful than the scarifying of a scarifier]. (TA.) b2: He slit the ear of a camel. (TA.) b3: He slit. and then twisted, [or wove together, (see شَرِيطٌ,)] palm-leaves. (TA.) A3: شَرِطَ He fell into a momentous, or formidable, case. (O, K.) 2 شَرَّطَ see the next preceding paragraph.3 شارطهُ, (K,) inf. n. مُشَارَطَةٌ, (TA,) He made a condition, or conditions, or he stipulated, with him, mutually; each of them made a condition, or conditions, or each of them stipulated, with the other. (O, L, K.) And عَلَيْهِ ↓ تشارط is like شَارَطَ [app. meaning He made a condition, or conditions, with another, or others; or they (a party of persons) made a condition, or conditions, together; against him]. (TA.) 4 اشرط نَفْسَهُ He marked himself, and prepared himself, (S, K,) لِكَذَا (K) or لِأَمْرِ كَذَا [ for such an affair]. (S.) b2: He (a courageous man) marked himself for death. (TA.) b3: اشرط نَفْسَهُ وَمَالَهُ فِى هٰذَا الأَمْرِ He put forward, or offered, himself and his property in this affair. (TA.) b4: اشرط إِبِلَهُ He made known that his camels were for sale. (K.) And اشرط طَائِفَةً مِنْ إِبِلِهِ وَغَنَمِهِ He set apart a portion of his camels, and of his sheep, or goats, and made known that they were for sale. (TA.) And اشرط مِنْ إِبِلِهِ, (S, K,) and غَنَمِهِ, (S,) He prepared for sale some of his camels, (S, K,) and of his sheep, or goats. (S.) b5: أَشْرَطْتُ فُلَانًا لِعَمَلِ كَذَا I prepared such a one for such a work, or such an agency or employment, and made him to have the charge, or management, thereof. (AA.) b6: اشرط إِلَيْهِ الرَّسُولَ He hastened to him the messenger, (K, * TA,) and sent him forward: from أَشْرَاطٌ signifying the “ beginnings ” of things. (TA.) A2: اشرط بِهَا, and فِيهَا, He held it to be, or made it, a thing of mean account, and perilled, hazarded, or risked, it. (TA.) [It is not said to what the pronoun refers.]5 تشرّط فِى عَمَلِهِ He acted, or performed, well, soundly and skilfully, or, nicely and exactly, in his work, (O, L, K,) and constrained himself to observe whatever conditions were imposed upon him. (L.) 6 تَشَاْرَطَ see 3.8 إِشْتَرَطَ see 1, first signification. b2: [اُشْتُرِطَ It was made conditional, or a condition. And He, or it, was made to be conditionally intended, in, or by, a saying, دُونَ غَيْرِهِ exclusively of any other..]10 استشرط المَالُ The camels, or the like, became in a bad state after having been in a good state. (Sgh, K.) [See شَرَطٌ.]

شَرْطٌ [A condition; a term; a stipulation; said to signify] the imposition of a thing as obligatory [upon a person], and the taking it upon oneself as such, in a sale and the like; (K;) [but this is a loose explanation, as is observed in the TK; the meaning being a thing imposed upon a person as obligatory, and taken upon oneself as such: in the S, it is merely said to be well known:] and ↓ شَرِيطَةٌ signifies the same: (S, Msb, K:) pl. of the former, شُرُوطٌ: (S, Msb, K:) and of the latter, شَرَائِطُ. (Msb, TA.) It is said in a trad., لَا يَجُوزُ شَرْطَانِ فِى بَيْعٍ [Two conditions in a sale are not allowable]; as when one says, “I sell to thee this garment, or piece of cloth, for ready money for a deenár, and on credit for two deenárs. ” (TA.) And it is said in a prov., الشَّرْطُ أَمْلَكُ عَلَيْكَ أَمْ لَكَ (TA) The condition is most valid, or binding, [whether it be against thee or in thy favour:] (Mgh in art. ملك:) relating to the keeping of conditions between brothers. (Sgh, TA.) [شَرْطٌ also relates to other things beside sales and the like: for instance, you say, شَرْطُ المَصْدَرِ كَذَا وَكَذَا, meaning What is required to justify the application of the term مصدر is such a thing, and such a thing.]

A2: شَرْطَا نَهْرٍ The two banks of a river. (TA.) b2: [The pl.] شُرُوطٌ also signifies Roads leading in different directions. (TA.) A3: See also شَرَطٌ, in two places.

شَرَطٌ A sign, token, or mark, (S, Msb, K,) which men appoint between them; (TA;) as also ↓ شَرْطٌ: (TA:) pl. of the former, أَشْرَاطٌ. (Msb, K.) And hence, (Msb,) أَشْرَاطُ السَّاعَةِ The signs of the resurrection, or of the time thereof; (S, Msb, TA;) mentioned in the Kur [xlvii. 20]: or the small events prior thereto, which men deny: (El-Khattábee:) or the means thereof, exclusive of the main circumstances thereof, and of the event itself. (TA.) b2: [Hence also,] الشَّرَطَانِ The two stars [a and b] which are the two horns of Aries; (S, K, Kzw;) the brighter whereof is called النَّاطِحُ; (Kzw;) [and the other, النَّطْحُ;] the First Mansion of the Moon: (Kzw:) to-wards the north of them is a small star which some of the Arabs reckon with those two, saying that it (namely this mansion, K) consists of three stars, and calling them الأَشْرَاطُ: (S, K:) IAar mentions an instance of the use of the sing., الشَّرَطُ; but the dual is more approved, and more commonly known: (TA:) the two stars above mentioned are the first asterism of the spring. (ISd, Z.) [See مَنَازِلُ القَمَرِ, in art. نزل.] Hassán Ibn-Thábit says, فِى نَدَامَى بِيضِ الوُجُوهِ كِرَامٍ

نُبِّهُوا بَعْدَ هَجْعَةِ الأَشْرَاطِ meaning [Among fair-faced, generous cup-companions, roused from sleep after] the setting of the اشراط: though another meaning, which see below, has been assigned to the last word. (Sgh.) b3: And hence, (ISd, Z,) شَرَطٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) The beginning of a thing; (ISd, * Z, * K;) as also ↓ مِشْرَاطٌ: (Ibn-'Abbád, K:) pl. of the former, أَشْرَاطٌ, which is applied to the beginnings of any event that happens because the شَرَطَان are the first asterism of the spring: (ISd, Z:) the pl. of ↓ مشراط in the sense here expl. is مَشَارِيطُ. (K.) Hence, accord. to some, أَشْرَاطُ السَّاعَةِ, expl. above. (TA.) A2: The refuse, (S, Msb, K, TA,) such as the galled in the back, and the emaciated, (TA,) and the young, (K,) and the bad, (A'Obeyd,) of camels or the like, (S, K,) or of goats, (Msb,) or of goats also: (S:) used alike as sing. and pl. and masc. and fem.: and applied particularly to the young of camels, as a pl. and as a sing.: also, to a she-camel and to a he-camel: and to such, of camels, as is brought, or driven, from one place to another for sale; as the aged she-camel, and the camel that is galled in the back: (TA:) also the same, not ↓ شَرْطٌ as in the K, [without restriction of its application,] low, base, vile, or mean; (K, * TA;) and so ↓ أَشْرَطُ: (TA:) pl. أَشْرَاطٌ, (S, K,) and pl. pl. أَشَارِيطُ. (S,* TA.) You say, الغَنَمُ

أَشْرَاطُ المَالِ [Sheep, or goats, are the refuse, or meanest sort, of beasts that people possess]. (S.) And شَرَطٌ is also applied to men; (S, TA;) شَرَطُ النَّاسِ signifying The refuse, or lowest or basest or meanest sort, pf mankind or people. (TA.) In the verse of Hassán Ibn-Thábit cited above, الأَشْرَاط is said to mean The guards, or watchmen, and the lowest or basest or meanest sort of people; (S, Sgh;) [so that هَجْعَة must be understood in the sense of “ a light sleep in the first part of the night; ”] but the correct meaning is that expl. before. (Sgh.) b2: Also أَشْرَاطٌ, The noble, eminent, or honourable, sort of men: thus the word has two contr. significations. (Yaakoob, S, K.) A3: And A small water-course coming from a space of ten cubits: (AHn, O, K:) or what flows from even tracts of ground into the [larger water-courses called] شِعَاب. (TA.) شَرْطَةٌ A single act of scarifying; a scarification. (Msb.) شُرْطَةٌ A thing which one has made a condition. (Sgh, K.) You say, خُذْ شُرْطَتَكَ Take thou that which thou hast made a condition. (Sgh, K.) A2: Also, and ↓ شُرَطَةٌ, (Mgh,) or شُرَطٌ, (K,) which is the pl. (Mgh, K) of the former, (K,) The choice men of the army: (Mgh:) and such as compose the first portion of the army that is present in the war or fight, (Mgh, K,) and prepare for death; (K;) [the braves of an army;] they are the Sultán's choice men of the army; and the term شُرْطَةٌ is applied in a trad. to a party making it a condition to die, and not return, unless victorious: (TA:) or this appellation, and ↓ شُرَطَةٌ, which is a rare form, are applied to a body of soldiers; and the pl. is شُرَطٌ: and the pl. is applied to the aids (أَعْوَان [here app. meaning guards]) of the Sul-tán: (Msb:) شُرْطَةٌ, also, is applied to a wellknown body of the aids (أَعْوَان [here meaning armed attendants, officers, or soldiers,]) of the prefects [of the police]; (K;) pl. شُرَطٌ: (TA:) the شُرَط, (As, S, Msb,) or the شُرْطَة, (K,) are so called because they assumed to themselves signs, or marks, whereby they might be known (As, S, Msb, K) to the enemies: (Msb:) or the شُرَط are so called because they were prepared: (AO, S:) or as being likened to the شَرَط, or “ refuse,” of goats; because they were low persons: (Msb:) [or, probably, because they were prepared, or exposed, to be slain:] a single person of the شُرَط is called شُرْطَةٌ (S, Msb) and ↓ شُرَطِىٌّ: (S:) or ↓ شُرْطِىٌّ and ↓ شُرْطِىٌّ are applied to a single person of the شُرْطَة: (K:) ↓ شُرْطِىٌّ is a rel. n. from شُرْطَةٌ; and such also is ↓ شُرَطِىٌّ from شُرَطَةٌ; not from شُرَطٌ, because this is a pl. (Mgh.) صَاحِبُ الشُّرْطَةِ signifies The governor, or prefect, (Mgh, Msb,) [of the police, or] of a town, or city, or district, or province; to whom formerly pertained both religious and civil affairs; but now it is not so. (Mgh. [See رِدْفٌ.]) [In later times, this title has been commonly applied to The chief, or prefect, of the police.] b2: Also The best, best part, or choice, of anything; as also ↓ شَرِيطَةٌ: the latter occurring in a trad., as related by Sh; but Az thinks it should be the former word. (TA.) شُرَطَةٌ: see شُرْطَةٌ, in two places.

شَرَطِىٌّ Of, or relating to, [the asterism called] the شَرَطَان and the أَشْرَاط; as also ↓ أَشْرَاطِىٌّ; the latter being formed from the pl., (IB, TA,) because the stars thus called are regarded as composing one thing. (TA.) You say, رَوْضَةٌ

↓ أَشْرَاطِيَّةٌ, meaning [A garden, or meadow, &c.,] rained upon by the نَوْء [q. v.] of the شَرَطَان. (S. TA.) In the A we find ↓ نَوْءٌ شِرَاطِىٌّ: but probably it should be شَرَطِىٌّ. (TA.) شُرْطِىٌّ and شُرَطِىٌّ: see شُرْطَةٌ, in five places.

شَرِيطٌ A rope, or cord, of twisted palm-leaves: (S, Msb:) and threads of wool and of fibres of the palm-tree [twisted together]: (TA:) or palmleaves twisted together, with which is woven (يُشْرَطُ, as in the K, or, as in the O, accord. to the TA, يُشْرَحُ, [app. a mistake for يُشْرَجُ,]) a couch, or bier, [app. meaning the part thereof upon which a man or corpse lies,] and the like: (O, K:) so called because its palm-leaves are split, and then twisted together: if of fibres of the palm-tree, it is called دِسَارٌ: (TA:) or a wide rope [or flat plait] woven of fibres or leaves of the palm-tree: (Mgh in art. قمط:) or a rope of any kind: pl. شَرَائِطُ and شُرُطٌ. (TA.) Also Threads of silk, or of silk and of gold, twisted together [or woven, so as to form a kind of flat lace, like tape]: so called as being likened to the threads of wool and of fibres of the palm-tree [twisted together]. (TA.) b2: Also The [sort of basket, or small box, called] عَتِيدَة in which a woman puts her perfumes (IAar, O, K) and her utensils or apparatus. (IAar, O.) and The [sort of receptacle called] عَيْبَة [q. v.]. (IAar, O.) شَرِيطَةٌ: see شَرْطٌ: b2: and see also شُرْطَةٌ, last sentence.

A2: Also A she-camel having her ear slit: (K, TA:) of the measure فَعِيلَةٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولَةٌ. (TA.) b2: And A sheep or goat having a slight scar made upon its throat, like the scarification of the cupper, without the severing of the [veins called] أَوْدَاج, and without making the blood to flow copiously: thus they used to do in the Time of Ignorance, cutting a little of the animal's throat, (K, TA,) and then leaving it to die; (TA;) and they considered it a lawful mode of slaughtering it; but the eating of such an animal is forbidden in a trad.: (K, TA:) or one scarified on account of some disease; and when such died, they said that they had slaughtered it. (TA.) شِرَاطِىٌّ: see شَرَطِىٌّ.

شِرْوَاطٌ, applied to a man, Tall: (O, K:) and, applied to a camel, (Ibn-'Abbád, O,) or to a hecamel, (Kudot;,) swift: (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K:) or it is applied in the former sense to a man, and is also applied to a camel, male and female alike, ('Eyn, S,) as meaning tall and slender: ('Eyn:) or it means tall, spare of flesh, slender; applied to a man and to a camel, and to the female likewise, without ة. (L.) الغَنَمُ أَشْرَطُ المَالِ Sheep, or goats, are the vilest sort of beasts that one possesses: an instance of a noun of superiority without a verb; which is extr.: (K, TA:) this is from the “ Isláh el-Alfádh ” of ISk: but in some of the copies of that work, we find أَشْرَاط in the place of أَشْرَط. (ISd, TA.) See شَرَطٌ.

أَشْرَاطِىٌّ: fem. with ة: see شَرَطِىٌّ, in two places.

مِشْرَطٌ A lancet (S, K, TA) with which the cupper scarifies; (TA;) as also ↓ مِشْرَاطٌ. (S, K, TA.) مِشْرَاطٌ: [pl. مَشَارِيطُ:] see مِشْرَطٌ: A2: and see شَرَطٌ, in two places.

A3: أَخَذَ لِلْأَمْرِ مَشَارِيطَهُ He took his apparatus, [or prepared himself,] for the thing, or affair. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.)