شرف

1 شَرُفَ, (S, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (K,) inf. n. شَرَفٌ (S, * O, * Msb, * K, TA) and شَرَافَةٌ, (TA,) said of a man, (S, O, TA,) He was, or became, high, elevated, exalted, or eminent, (S, O, Msb, K, TA,) [in rank, condition, or estimation,] in respect of religion or of worldly things: (K, TA:) [generally meaning he was high-born, or noble:] part. n. شَرِيفٌ [q. v.]. (S, O, Msb, K, TA.) [See also شَرَفٌ, below.] b2: [Hence one says,] شَرُفَتْ نَفْسُهُ عَنِ الشَّىْءِ His soul was above the thing; disdained, or scorned, it. (L in art. انف.) b3: شَرَفَتِ النَّاقَةُ, and شَرُفَت, (O, K,) aor. of each ـُ inf. n. شُرُوفٌ, (K,) reg. as of the former verb, and irreg. as of the latter, (TA,) The she-camel was, or became, such as is termed شَارِفٌ [q. v.]. (O, K.) A2: شَرَفَهُ, aor. ـُ (IJ, S, O, K, TA,) inf. n. شَرْفٌ, (TA,) He overcame him, or surpassed him, in شَرَف [i. e. highness, elevation, or eminence, of rank, condition, or estimation; or nobility]; (IJ, S, O, K, TA;) and so شَرُفَ عَلَيْهِ: (Z, TA:) or he excelled him (طَالَهُ, K, TA, in the CK [erroneously] طاوَلَهُ,) in the grounds of pretension to respect or honour (فِى الحَسَبِ). (K, TA.) See 3. b2: شَرَفَ الحَائِطَ, (K, TA,) aor. ـُ inf. n. شَرْفٌ, (TA,) He put to the wall a شُرْفَة [q. v.]. (K, TA.) [See also 2.]

A3: شَرِفَتِ الأُذُنُ, and شَرِفَ المَنْكِبُ, aor. ـَ (K, TA,) inf. n. شَرَفٌ, (TA,) The ear, and in like manner the shoulder, was, or became, high, (K, TA,) and prominent: or, as some say, stood up. (TA.) A4: And شَرِفَ, [from شَرَفٌ signifying the “ hump ” of a camel,] (O, K,) said of a man, (O,) He kept constantly, or continually, to the eating of the [camel's] hump. (O, K.) 2 شرّفهُ, inf. n. تَشْرِيفٌ, He (God) rendered him high, elevated, exalted, or eminent, [in rank, condition, or estimation; or ennobled him:] (S, KL, * PS: *) and he held him, or esteemed him, to be so. (MA, PS.) ISd thinks that the verb may also mean He regarded with more, or exceeding, honour. (TA.) [And Golius explains it as meaning He decked with a royal garment; on the authority of the KL; in my copy of which I find no other meaning assigned to it than the first mentioned above.] One says, شَرَّفَ اللّٰهُ الكَعْبَةَ, (O, K, TA,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) [God rendered, or may God render, the Kaabeh an object of honour, or glorious,] from الشَّرَفُ, (O, K, TA,) i. e. المَجْدُ. (TA.) [تَشْرِيفٌ is also used as a subst. properly so called; and as such is expl. by itself in this art.] b2: Also He put to it شُرَف [pl. of شُرْفَةٌ, q. v.]; (O, K;) namely, his house, (K,) or a [palace, or pavilion, or other building such as is called] قَصْر, &c.; inf. n. as above. (O.) [See also شَرَفَ الحَائِطَ.] b3: شرّف المَرْبَأَ, expl. in the K as syn. with اشرفهُ and شارفهُ, is a mistake for تشرّفهُ [q. v.]. (TA.) b4: شرّف النَّاقَةَ, inf. n. as above, means He almost severed the teats of the she-camel by binding them [tightly] with the صِرَار [q. v.]: (IAar, O, TA:) this being done for the preservation of her [stoutness of] body, and her fatness, so that burdens may be put upon her in the coming year. (TA.) b5: [شرّف, app. for شرّف العُنُقَ, is also said by Reiske, as mentioned by Freytag in his Lexicon, to signify He (a camel going along) raised the neck: but his authority for this is not stated.]3 شارفهُ, (S, O, K,) inf. n. مُشَارَفَةٌ, (TA,) He vied with him, or contended with him for superiority, in شَرَف [i. e. highness, elevation, or eminence, of rank, condition, or estimation; or nobility]; (S, O, K, TA;) ↓ فَشَرَفَهُ and he overcame, or surpassed, him therein. (TA.) b2: See also 5. b3: Also He was, or became, near to it; he drew near to it, or approached it; namely, a thing: and he was, or became, near to attaining it, [and in like manner شارف عَلَيْهِ, as used in the S and K in the beginning of art. بلغ, he was, or became, at the point of reaching it, or attaining it, namely, a place,] or of obtaining it, or getting possession of it: [and he was, or became, at the point of experiencing it, (See Bd in lxxviii. 14,) and doing it; followed by أَنْ and an aor. :] and, as some say, he looked for it, or expected it; his mind told him of it; he looked for its coming to pass. (TA.) See also 4, in two places.4 اشرف It rose; or it was, or became, high or elevated; [so as to overtop, or overlook, what was around it or adjacent to it: overtopped, surmounted, overpeered, overlooked, overhung; was, or became, protuberant, prominent, or projecting: and rose into view, came within sight or view, or became within a commanding, or near, view:] said of a place [&c.]. (Msb.) One says of a piece of ground, أَشْرَفَ عَلَى مَا حَوْلَهُ [It rose above, or overtopped, what was around it]. (Sh, TA.) And أَشْرَفَ لِى شَرَفٌ فَمَا زِلْتُ أَرْكُضُ حَتَّى

عَلَوْتُهُ [An eminence rose into view to me, and I ceased not to urge on my beast until I ascended, or mounted, upon it]. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] أَشْرَفْتُ عَلَيْهِ I looked upon it, or viewed it, (S, O, Msb, K, *) from above; (S, O, K;) [I overlooked it, or looked down upon it: and I came in sight of it: got a view of it: and got knowledge of it; became acquainted with it; or knew it: all of which meanings may be intended to be conveyed by the explanation in the Msb, which is اِطَّلَعْتُ عَلَيْهِ:] and الشَّىْءَ ↓ شَارَفْتُ signifies the same as أَشْرَفْتُ عَلَيْهِ [app. in the first of the senses expl. in this sentence, as well as in another sense expl. in what follows]: (S, O:) and ↓ شَارَفُوهُمْ signifies the same as أَشْرَفُوا عَلَيْهِمْ. (TA.) b3: And اشرف عَلَى المَوْتِ He (a sick man) was, or became, on the brink, or verge, or at the point, of death. (O, K.) and اشرف بِهِ عَلَى المَوْتِ [He made him to be on the brink, or verge, or at the point, of death]. (T and K in art. ذرف.) b4: And أَشْرَفَتْ نَفْسُهُ عَلَى شَىْءٍ

His soul was vehemently eager for a thing. (Mgh. [See also 10.]) إِشْرَافٌ signifies The being eager, and the being vehemently eager: and hence the saying, in a trad., مَنْ أَخَذَ الدُّنْيَا بِإِشْرَافِ نَفْسٍ

لَمْ يُبَارَكْ لَهُ فِيهَا [Whoso takes the enjoyments of the present world with eagerness, or vehement eagerness, of soul, he will not be blessed therein]. (TA.) b5: And اشرف عَلَيْهِ He regarded him with solicitous affection or pity or compassion. (O, * K.) b6: [And اشرف لِى He, or it, came within sight, or view, to me; or came within a commanding, or near, view of me: see an ex. voce أَجْهَدَ; and another voce رَبَأَ.] b7: And [hence,] اشرف لَكَ الشَّىْءُ The thing became, or has become, within thy power or reach; or possible, practicable, or easy, to thee. (TA.) A2: See also 5, in two places.5 تشرّف, said of a man, is from الشَّرَفُ, (O,) and signifies صَارَ مُشَرَّفًا [He became elevated, or exalted, in rank, condition, or estimation; or ennobled]. (K.) b2: تشرّف بِهِ He became elevated, or exalted, in rank, condition, or estimation; or ennobled; by, or by means of, him, or it: (MA:) [or he gloried, or prided himself, by reason of it, or in it; i. e.] he reckoned it, (S,) or regarded it, (O,) as a glory or an honour [to himself], (S, O,) and a favour. (O.) A2: تشرّف المَرْبَأَ, (S, O, TA,) in the K, erroneously, شَرَّفَهُ; (TA;) and ↓ اشرفهُ; (S, O, K;) and ↓ شارفهُ, (K,) inf. n. مُشَارَفَةٌ; (TA;) He (a man, S, O) ascended, or mounted, upon the elevated place of observation. (S, O, K.) And الشَّىْءَ ↓ اشرف and عَلَى الشَّىْءِ signify the same as [تشرّفهُ and] تشرّف عَلَيْهِ, i. e. He ascended, or mounted, upon the thing. (TA.) b2: It is said in a trad., with reference to certain future trials, or conflicts and factions, (فِتَن,) مَنْ

↓ تَشَرَّفَ لَهَا تَسْتَشْرِفْهُ i. e. Whoso finds a place of refuge [for escaping, or avoiding them, let them invite him, or cause him, to seek, or take, refuge, virtually meaning] let him seek, or take, refuge therein. (O, TA. *) A3: تُشُرِّفَ القَوْمُ The people, or party, had their أَشْرَاف [or eminent, or noble, men, pl. of شَرِيف,] slain. (O, K.) 8 اشترف He, or it, stood up, or upright, or erect; (S, O, TA;) and (TA) so ↓ استشرف [if this be not a mistranscription, which I incline to think it may be as the former verb (of which see the part. n. below) is not mentioned in the K]. (K, TA.) 10 استشرف الشَّىْءَ, (S, O, Msb, K,) and لِلشَّىْءِ, (Msb in art. طمح,) He raised his eyes (S, O, Msb, K) towards the thing, (O, K,) or to look at the thing, (Msb,) or looking at the thing, (S,) and expanded his hand over his eyebrow like as does he who shades [his eyes] from the sun. (S, O, K.) A poet says, تَطَالَلْتُ وَاسْتَشْرَفْتُهُ فَرَأَيْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ آأَنْتَ زَيْدُ الأَرَامِلِ [I stretched up myself, and raised my eyes towards him, expanding my hand over my eyebrow like him who is shading his eyes from the sun; and I said to him, Art thou Zeyd-el-Arámil?]. (O.) b2: Hence, (TA,) أُمِرْنَا أَنْ نَسْتَشْرِفَ العَيْنَ وَالأُذُنَ, (Mgh, * O, K, TA,) in a trad. (O, TA) relating to the sheep or goat to be slaughtered as a victim on the day of sacrifice, (TA,) means We have been commanded to pay much attention to the eye and the ear, and to examine them carefully, in order that there may not be any such defect as blindness of one eye or mutilation (Mgh, * O, K, TA) of an ear: (TA:) or, (Mgh, O,) as some say, (O,) [in the K “ that is,”] to seek that they be of high estimation, by being perfect (Mgh, * O, K) and sound: (Mgh, O:) or, accord. to some, it is from الشُّرْفَةُ signifying “ the choice ones,” or “ best,” of cattle; and the meaning is, we have been commanded to select them. (TA.) b3: And يَسْتَشْرِفُ مَعَالِىَ الأُمُورِ (tropical:) He desires, or seeks, [or raises his eye to,] the means of attaining eminence. (Msb in art. شوف.) b4: استشرف إِبِلَهُمْ means He (a man) smote their camels with the [evil] eye; syn. تَعَيَّنَهَا: (S, TA:) or he looked at them (تعيّنها) to smite them with the [evil] eye. (TA.) b5: استشرفهُ حَقَّهُ He defrauded him of his right, or due. (O, K.) A2: See also 5: A3: and 8.

Q. Q. 1 شَرْيَفْتُ الزَّرْعَ I cut off the شِرْيَاف [q. v.] of the seed-produce; (S, O;) and so شَرْنَفْتُهُ: (O and K * in art. شرنف:) of the dial. of El-Yemen: but Az doubts whether the word be with ن; and the ى and ن are both held by him to be augmentative. (O.) شَرْفٌ: see the next paragraph, near the end.

شَرَفٌ Highness, elevation, exaltation, or eminence, [in rank, condition, or estimation, in respect of religion or of worldly things: (see the first sentence of this art.:)] (S, O, Msb, K:) [generally meaning high birth:] glory, honour, dignity, or nobility; syn. مَجْدٌ: or not unless [transmitted] by ancestors: (K:) [for] accord. to ISk, شَرَفٌ and مَجْدٌ may not be unless [transmitted] by ancestors; but حَسَبٌ and كَرَمٌ may be in a man though he have not ancestors [endowed therewith]: (O:) or, (K,) accord. to IDrd, (O,) it signifies highness of حَسَب [which means grounds of pretension to respect or honour, consisting in any qualities (either of oneself or of one's ancestors) which are enumerated, or recounted, as causes of glorying]: (O, K:) and ↓ شُرْفَةٌ signifies the same as شَرَفٌ; (TA;) or the same as فَضْلٌ and شَرَفٌ [meaning a favour and a glory or an honour]; as in the saying, أَعُدُّ إِتْيَانَكُمٌ شُرْفَةً [I reckon your coming a favour, and a glory or an honour]; (O, K;) and أَرَى ذٰلِكَ شُرْفَةً [I regard that as a favour, and a glory or an honour]: (O:) the pl. of شَرَفٌ is أَشْرَافٌ, like as that of سَبَبٌ is أَسْبَابٌ. (TA.) نُهْبَةٌ ذَاتُ شَرَفٍ means Spoil, or booty, of high value, at which men raise their eyes, and look, or which they smite with the [evil] eye: [see اِسْتَشْرَفَ إِبِلَهُمْ:] but the phrase is also related with س. (TA. See سَرَفٌ.) b2: See also شَرِيفٌ, with which, or with the pls. of which, it is said to be syn. b3: Also An elevated place; an eminence: (S, Mgh, O, K:) accord. to Sh, any piece of ground that overtops what is around it, whether extended or not, only about ten cubits, or five, in length, of little or much breadth in its upper surface: (TA:) pl. أَشْرَافٌ: (TA voce وَطْءٌ:) and مَشَارِفُ الأَرْضِ signifies the high, or elevated, places, or parts, of the earth or ground: (S, Msb, K:) sing. ↓ مَشْرَفٌ, with fet-h to the م and ر. (Msb. [See also مُشْرَفٌ.]) A poet says, آتِى النَّدِىَّ فَلَا يُقَرَّبُ مَجْلِسِى

وَأَقُودُ لِلشَّرَفِ الرَّفِيعِ حِمَارِى

[I come to the assembly, and my sitting-place is not made near to the chief person or persons, and I lead to the high elevated place my ass]: he means, I have become unsound in my intellect in consequence of old age, so that no profit is gotten from my opinion, and I am not able to mount my ass from the ground, unless from a high place. (S.) b4: [Hence, (tropical:) The brink, verge, or point, of some event of great magnitude, or of any importance: not well expl. as meaning] the being on the brink, or verge, or at the point, of some event of great importance, good or evil: (O, K:) one says in the case of good, هُوَ عَلَى شَرَفٍ مِنْ قَضَآءِ حَاجَتِهِ (tropical:) [He is at the point of accomplishing the object of his want]: and in the case of evil, هُوَ عَلَى شَرَفٍ مِنَ الهَلَاكِ (tropical:) [He is on the brink, &c., of destruction]. (O, TA.) b5: And (tropical:) The hump of a camel. (O, K, TA.) b6: And app. sing. of أَشْرَافٌ in a sense expl. below: see the latter word. (TA.) A2: And A heat; a single run, or a run at once, to a goal, or limit: (O, K:) or, (K,) accord. to Fr, about a mile: (O, K:) or about two miles. (TA as from the K and on the authority of Fr.) One says, عَدَا شَرَفًا أَوْ شَرَفَيْنِ [He ran a heat, or two heats]: (O:) and [in like manner,] اِسْتَنَّتٌ شَرَفًا أَوْ شَرَفَيْنِ, (O, K,) occurring in a trad., said of a mare, or of horses. (O.) A3: Also, (O, TA,) accord. to IAar, (O,) A red clay or earth: and i. q. مَغْرَةٌ [i. e. red ochre]; as also ↓ شَرْفٌ: accord. to Lth, a kind of trees, having a red dye: and said to be the same as [the Pers\.] دار پرنيان [i. e.

دَارْ پَرْنِيَان, meaning Brazil-wood, which is commonly called in Arabic بَقَّم]. (O, TA: * in the former of which, the Pers\. word here mentioned is written without the points to the پ; and in the latter, الدابرنيان.) شُرْفَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, first quarter. b2: Also The choice ones, or best, of مَال [meaning cattle]. (S, O, K.) b3: The شُرْفَة of a [palace, or pavilion, or other building such as is called] قَصْر (S, O, Msb, K) [and of a mosque] is well-known; (K;) [An acroterial ornament, forming a single member of a cresting of a wall or of the crown of a cornice, generally of a fanciful form, and pointed, or small, at the top:] pl. شُرَفٌ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K, TA,) a pl. of mult., and شُرُفَاتٌ and شُرَفَاتٌ and شُرْفَاتٌ, which are pls. of pauc., or, as some say, شرفات [i. e.

شُرُفَاتٌ] is pl. of ↓ شُرُفَةٌ, with two dammehs: EshShiháb says that شُرْفَات is expl. as meaning the highest portions of a قَصْر; but what are thus termed are only what are built on the top of a wall, distinct from one another, [side by side, like merlons of a parapet,] according to a well-known form: (TA:) the شُرْفَة is what is called by the [common] people ↓ شُرَّافَة: (Ham p. 824:) the شُرَّافَة of a mosque is a word used by the lawyers, and is one of their mistakes, as IB has notified: so says MF: its pl. is شَرَارِيفُ. (TA.) b4: The شُرُفَات (thus with two dammehs, K) of a horse are The neck and قَطَاة [i. e. croup, or rump, or part between the hips or haunches,] thereof. (O, K.) شُرُفَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

شَرِيفٌ High, elevated, exalted, or eminent, (S, O, * Msb, K, TA,) [in rank, condition, or estimation,] in respect of religion or of worldly things: (TA:) [generally meaning high-born, or noble:] possessing glory, honour, dignity, or nobility: or such, and having also [such] ancestry: (TA:) [using it as not implying highness, or nobility, of ancestry,] you say, هُوَ شَرِيفٌ اليَوْمَ [He is high, or noble, to-day], and عَنْ قَلِيلٍ ↓ شَارِفٌ as meaning one who will be شَرِيف [after a little while]: (Fr, S, K:) the pl. [of pauc.] is أَشْرَافٌ and [of mult.]

شُرَفَآءُ (S, O, Msb, K) and ↓ شَرَفٌ, so in the K, app. denoting that this last is one of the pls. of شريف, and it is said in the O that شَرَفٌ is syn. with شُرَفَآءُ; but in the L it is said that it is syn. with شَرِيفٌ; and hence the saying هُوَ شَرَفُ قَوْمِهِ meaning He is the شَرِيف of his people, and كَرَمُهُمْ meaning the كَرِيم of them; and thus it has been expl. as used in a trad.: (TA:) [but both these assertions are probably correct; for it seems to be, agreeably with analogy, an inf. n. used as an epithet, and therefore applicable to a single person and to a pl. number, and also to two persons, and likewise to a female as well as to a male.] b2: [By the modern Arabs, and the Turks and Persians, it is also applied, as a title of honour, to Any descendant of the Prophet; like سَيِّد. And, with the article ال, particularly to the descendant of the Prophet who is The governor of Mekkeh; now always a vassal of the Turkish Sultán.]

شُرَافِىٌّ, applied to a [lizard of the kind called]

ضَبّ, and to a jerboa, Large in the ears, and in the body: (TA:) and so شُرَافِيَّةٌ applied to a she-camel; (O, K, TA;) as also ↓ شَرْفَآءُ. (TA.) and أُذُنٌ شُرَافِيَّةٌ i. q. شُفَارِيَّةٌ [q. v.], (K, TA,) or An ear that is high, long, and having hair upon it. (IDrd, O, TA.) See also أُذُنٌ شَرْفَآءُ, voce أَشْرَفُ. b2: Also A kind of white garments or cloths: (O, K: *) or a garment, or piece of cloth, that is purchased from a country of the foreigners adjacent to the land of the Arabs. (As, O, K. *) شُرَّافَةٌ; pl. شَرَارِيفُ: see شُرْفَةٌ.

شِرْيَافٌ (S, O, K) and شِرْنَافٌ (O and K in art. شرنف) [but see Q. Q. 1] The leaves of seedproduce that have become so long and abundant that one fears its becoming marred; wherefore they are cut off. (S, O, K.) شَارِفٌ: see شَرِيفٌ. b2: Applied to a she-camel, (assumed tropical:) High [app. meaning much advanced] in age: (A, TA:) or advanced in age; (S, O, K;) decrepit; (IAar, K;) as also شَارِفَةٌ: (K:) [see دَلُوقٌ, in three places:] pl. شُرْفٌ, like بُزْلٌ and عُوذٌ pls. of بَازِلٌ and عَائِذٌ, (S, O,) or شُرُفٌ, like كُتُبٌ, (K,) or the latter is allowable in poetry, (O,) or the former is a contraction of the latter, (IAth, TA,) and شَوَارِفُ [also pl. of شَارِفَةٌ] (O, K) and شُرَّفٌ and شُرُوفٌ: (K:) it is said that شَارِفٌ is not applied to the he-camel; but it is so applied, as well as to the she-camel, accord. to the Towsheeh of El-Jelál. (TA.) Hence, as being likened to black decrepit she-camels, (Aboo-Bekr, TA,) الشُّرُفُ الجُونُ, with two dammehs, [which I think a mistake, unless it mean with a dammeh to each word,] (K,) or الشَّرْفُ الجُونُ, (O, IAth, TA,) occurring in a trad., meaning (assumed tropical:) [Trials, or conflicts and factions,] like portions of the dark night: (O, * K, * TA:) thus expl. by the Prophet: (O, TA:) but some relate it otherwise, with ق, (K,) saying الشُّرْقُ الجون, pl. of شَارِقٌ, (O, * TA,) meaning “ [trials, &c.,] rising (O, K, TA) from the direction of the east. ” (O, TA.) b3: Also applied to an arrow, as meaning Old: (S, O, K:) and applied to a garment or a piece of cloth [app. in the same sense]: (A and TA voce طَرِيدٌ:) or an arrow long since laid by [expl. by بَعِيدُ العَهْدِ بِالصِّيَابَةِ; but I think that the right reading is بعيد العهد لِالصِّيَانَةِ, and have assumed this to be the case in my rendering]: or of which the feathers and the sinews [wherewith they are bound] have become uncompact: or slender and long. (TA.) b4: دَنٌّ شَارِفٌ [A wine-jar] of which the wine is old. (TA.) b5: And شَارِفٌ [alone] A receptacle for wine, such as a خَابِيَة and the like thereof. (O, K.) الشَّارُوفُ A kind of cord or rope; syn. حَبْلٌ: [so in the O, and in one of my copies of the S: in my other copy of the S, and in the K, جَبَلٌ, i. e. the name of a certain mountain:] a postclassical word. (S, O.) b2: And شَارُوفٌ also signifies A broom: (S, O, K:) a Pers\. word, (S,) arabicized, from جَارُوبٌ, (O, K,) originally جَاىْ رُوبْ, which means “ a place-sweeper. ” (O.) أَشْرَفُ [More, and most, high, elevated, exalted, or eminent, in rank, condition, or estimation; &c.; generally meaning more, and most, high-born or noble; (see شَرِيفٌ;)] surpassing in شَرَف. (S, O.) b2: مَنْكِبٌ أَشْرَفُ A high shoulder; (S, O, K;) such as has a goodly rising; which implies what is termed إِهْدَآء [inf. n. of أَهْدَأَهُ, and here app. meaning the “ being curved in the back ”]. (TA.) And أُذُنٌ شَرْفَآءُ A long ear; (S, O, K;) standing up; rising above what is next to it: and so اذن ↓ شُرَافِيَّةٌ. (TA.) b3: See also شُرَافِىٌّ [أَشْرَفُ also signifies Having a prominent, or an apparent, ear: opposed to أَسَكُّ, q. v. b4: Hence,] الأَشْرَفُ is an appellation of The bat; (O, K, TA;) because its ears are prominent and apparent: it is bare of downy and other feathers, and is viviparous, not oviparous: so in the saying of Bishr Ibn-ElMoatemir, وَطَائِرٌ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَكْرُ وَطَائِرٌ أَشْرَفُ ذُو جُرْدَةٍ

[And a flying thing that has prominent and apparent ears and a denuded body, and a flying thing that has no nest]: (O, TA:) in the K is added, and another bird, that has no nest, &c.: but this is taken from an explanation of the latter hemistich of the verse cited above; which explanation is as follows: (TA:) the bird that has no nest is one of which the Bahránees [so in the TA, but accord. to the O “ the sailors,”] tell that it does not alight save while it makes, of the dust, or earth, a place in which it lays its eggs, and which it covers over; then it flies into the air, and its eggs break open of themselves at the expiration of the term thereof; and when its young ones are able to fly, they do after the habit of their parents. (O, L, TA: and the same is said, less fully, in the K.) b5: مَدِينَةٌ شَرْفَآءُ A city having شُرَف, (Mgh, O, K, *) pl. of شُرْفَةٌ [q. v.]: (O:) the pl. of أَشْرَفُ and of شَرْفَآءُ, accord. to rule, is شُرْفٌ. (Mgh. [In the copies of the K, الشُّرُفُ is erroneously said to be pl. of الشَّرْفَآءُ.]) It is said in a trad. of Ibn-' Abbás, أُمِرْنَا أَنْ نَبْنِىَ المَدَائِنَ شُرْفًا وَالمَسَاجِدَ جُمًّا i. e. We have been commanded to build cities with شُرَف and mosques without شُرَف. (Mgh, O. *) أَشْرَافٌ The ears and nose of a man: (O, K, TA:) its sing. in this sense is not mentioned: it is app. ↓ شَرَفٌ; like سَبَبٌ, sing. of أَسْبَابٌ. (TA.) تَشْرِيفٌ inf. n. of 2 [q. v.]. (S &c.) b2: [and also a ـوَلَّدٌ and مُحْدَثٌ">post-classical term applied to An honorary present, such as a garment &c.: and a letter, i. e. an epistle, considered as conferring honour: pl. تَشْرِيفَاتٌ.]

مَشْرَفٌ: see شَرَفٌ, in the middle of the paragraph: and see also what here next follows.

مُشْرَفٌ, (O, K,) like مُكْرَمٌ, (K,) or ↓ مَشْرَفٌ [q. v. voce شَرَفٌ], (so in my two copies of the S,) A place from which one overlooks, i. e. looks upon, or views, [a thing] from above. (S, O, K.) b2: Hence the saying in a trad., مَا جَآءَكَ مِنْ هٰذَا المَالِ وَأَنْتَ غَيْرُ مُشْرَفٍ وَلَا سَائِلٍ فَخْذْهُ (O, TA) i. e. [What comes to thee of this property] thou not coveting nor looking for it [nor asking it, take it]. (O.) مُشْرِفٌ [part. n. of 4;] High; (S, Mgh, Msb;) [or overtopping; &c.;] applied to a mountain, (S,) or a place. (Mgh, Msb.) سُيُوفٌ مَشْرَفِيَّةٌ Certain swords, (S, O, K,) so called in relation to مَشَارِفُ, (S,) or in relation to مَشَارِفُ الشَّامِ, (O, Msb, K,) i. e. certain towns, or villages, of the land of the Arabs, near to the رِيف [q. v.]: (S, O, Msb, K:) so says AO: (S, O:) or, as some say, this is a mistake, and they are so called in relation to a place of El-Yemen: (Msb:) [or, accord. to some, in relation to المَشَارِفُ, certain towns, or villages, near Howrán: (see De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., sec. ed., iii. 53:)] and it is said that مَشْرَف was the name of a blacksmith who made swords: (TA:) one says سَيْفٌ مَشْرَفِىٌّ, (S, O, Msb,) not مَشَارِفِىٌّ, because a rel. n. is not formed from a pl. of the measure of مَشَارِفُ. (S, O.) مُشَرَّفٌ [Elevated, or exalted, in rank, condition, or estimation; or ennobled]; (K, TA;) an epithet applied to a man; from الشَّرَفُ. (TA.) A2: Also A garment, or piece of cloth, dyed with the red clay or earth [&c.] called شَرَف. (IAar, TA.) مَشْرُوفٌ (S, TA) and مَشْرُوفٌ عَلَيْهِ (Z, TA) Overcome, or surpassed, in شَرَف [i. e. highness, elevation, or eminence, of rank, condition, or estimation; or nobility]. (S, Z, TA.) مُشْتَرِفٌ A horse high in make. (S, O, K.)

شبل

1 شَبَلَ, (K,) aor. ـُ (TK,) inf. n. شُبُولٌ, He (a boy, TA) became a youth, or young man, (K,) or grew up, and became a youth, or young man, (TA,) in a state of ease and plenty. (K, TA. [In the CK, فى نِعْمَة ٍ is erroneously put for فى نَعْمَة ٍ.]) Accord. to Ks, one says, شَبَلْتُ فِى بَنِى

فُلَان ٍ, meaning I grew up, or became a youth, or young man, among the sons of such a one: (S, TA:) and قَدْ شَبَلَ الغُلَامُ أَحْسَنَ شُبُول ٍ The boy has grown up, or become a youth, or young man, in the best manner: (S:) but accord. to others, it is not said except in the case of being in a state of ease and plenty. (TA.) 4 أَشْبَلَتِ المَرْأَةُ بَعْدَ بَعْلِهَا (assumed tropical:) The woman bore with her children, [tending them patiently, after the loss of her husband,] without marrying: (S, O:) [and] اشبلت عَلَى وَلَدِــهَا (tropical:) She (a woman) applied herself constantly to the care of her children, after [the loss of] her husband, (K, TA,) and bore with them, (TA,) not marrying: (K, TA:) and the epithet applied to her is ↓ مُشْبِلٌ [without ة]. (TA.) One says, هِىَ فِى إِشْبَالِهَا كَاللَّبُوَةِ عَلَى أَشْبَالِهَا (tropical:) [She is, in her constant application of herself to the care of her children, &c., like the lioness over her whelps]. (TA.) b2: And اشبل عَلَيْهِ (tropical:) He inclined to him; affected him; or was, or became, favourably inclined towards him: (S, O, K, TA:) and he aided, helped, or assisted, him. (K, TA.) 7 انشبل is expl. by Golius as signifying “Leviter e loco exivit, effluxit;” as on the authority of the KL; but I do not find it in my copy of that work; and think that it is some other word to which this meaning is there assigned.]

شِبْلٌ The whelp, or young one, of the lion: (S, Mgh, O, Msb:) or the young one of the lion when it has attained to the seeking, or taking, of prey: (K, TA:) [and Freytag says, on the authority of Meyd, of any wild beast:] pl. أَشْبَالٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and أَشْبُلٌ (S, O, K) [both properly pls. of pauc.] and [pl. of mult.] شُبُولٌ and شِبَالٌ. (K.) شَابِلٌ A lion whose canine teeth have become such as lock together, dissimilar; expl. by the words اَلَّذِى اشْتَبَكَتْ أَنْيَابُهُ. (K. [Perhaps, in this sense, a mistranscription for شَابِكٌ, q. v.]) b2: and (K) (assumed tropical:) A boy, or young man, full [or plump] in body, by reason of ease and plenty and of youthfulness: (IAar, O, K: *) and so شَابِنٌ, and حِضَجْرٌ. (IAar, O.) b3: [شَابِلَةٌ, expl. by Golius as signifying “Diminuta lacte camela, pulli septimestris mater,” as on the authority of the KL, is a mistake for شَائِلَةٌ.]

أَشْبَلُ, expl. by Golius as signifying “Magno veretri præputio camelus,” as on the authority of the KL, is a mistake for أَثْيَلُ.]

مُشْبِلٌ A lioness whose whelps, or young ones, accompany her, (S, O, Msb,) going with her. (S, O.) And A she-camel whose young one has become strong, and goes with her. (Az, S, O.) b2: See also 4.

مَشْبُولٌ A place in which are lions' whelps or young ones. (Ham p. 416.)

شمل

1 شَمِلَهُمُ الأَمْرُ, aor. ـَ and شَمَلَهُم, aor. ـُ (S, Msb, K;) but the latter verb was unknown to As, (S, TA,) and is said by Lh to be rare; (TA;) inf. n. شَمَلٌ, (Msb, K,) which is of the former, (Msb,) and شُمُولٌ, (Msb, K,) and شَمْلٌ; (K;) i. q. عَمَّهُمْ [i. e. The event, or case, included them in common, in general, or universally, within the compass of its effect or effects, its operation or operations, its influence, or the like]: (S, Msb, K:) or شَمِلَهُمْ خَيْرًا or شَرًّا, or خَيْرًا and شَرًّا, (accord. to different copies of the K,) like فَرِحَ, (in the CK, or like فَرِحَ,) [app. means he, or it, caused that] good or evil, or good and evil, betided them [in common, in general, or universally]: and شَرًّا ↓ أَشْمَلَهُمْ [means] عَمَّهُمْ بِهِ [i. e. he, or it, included them in common, in general, or universally, with, or by, evil]: (K:) but one should not say, اشملهم خَيْرًا. (TA.) [Whether what precedes, or what next follows, should be regarded as giving the primary signification of شَمِلَ, is uncertain.] b2: شَمِلَهُ, aor. ـَ inf. n. شَمْلٌ and شُمُولٌ, He covered [or enveloped] him with the شَمْلَة, (K, TA,) or, with the مِشْمَلَة: such is thought by ISd to be meant by the explanation given by Lh, which is, غَطَّى عَلَيْهِ المِشْمَلَةَ. (TA.) b3: هٰذِهِ شَمْلَةٌ تَشْمَلُكَ means تَسَعُكَ [i. e. This is a شملة sufficient in its dimensions, or sufficiently large, for thee]. (TA.) You say, اِشْتَرَيْتُ شَمْلَةً ثَشْمَلُنِى [I bought a شملة sufficient in its dimensions, &c., for me]. (ISk, S, O.) b4: شَمِلَتْ لِقَاحًا, aor. ـَ (S, O, K,) inf. n. شَمَلٌ, (S, O,) said of a she-camel, (S, O, K,) She admitted impregnating seed, (K,) or she conceived, مِنْ فَحْلِ فُلَانٍ, [from the stallion of such a one]. (S, O.) b5: شَمِلَتْ إِبِلُكُمْ بَعِيرًا لَنَا Your camels concealed among them a he-camel belonging to us, by his entering amid their dense multitude: (K, TA:) so in the M and the Moheet. (TA.) A2: شَمَلَ الشَّاةَ, aor. ـُ (S, K) and شَمِلَ, (K,) inf. n. شَمْلٌ, (S,) He suspended upon the ewe, or she-goat, the kind of bag called شِمَال, and bound it upon her udder: (S, * K, TA:) and some say, شَمَلَ النَّاقَةَ, he suspended a شِمَال upon the she-camel. (T, TA.) Also, and ↓ اشملها, He put to the ewe, or she-goat, (K, TA,) or he made for her, (TA,) a شِمَال. (K, TA.) A3: شَمَلَ بِهِ, (K, TA,) inf. n. شَمْلٌ, (TA,) He took [in it, i. e. in travelling it, (see the pass. part. n.,)] the direction of the left hand; syn. أَخَذَ ذَاتَ الشِّمَالِ: (K, TA:) so expl. by IAar. (TA.) b2: شَمَلَتِ الرِّيحُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. شُمُولٌ (S, O, TA) and شَمَالٌ, (O,) or شَمْلٌ, (TA,) The wind shifted to a northerly direction (شَمَالًا); (S, TA;) so expl. by Lh: (TA:) or the wind blew northerly; syn. هَبَّتْ شَمَالًا; as also ↓ أَشْمَلَت. (O. [In the TA, I find أَشْمَلَت الريح ذهبت شماليل مثل شَمَّلت: but this, I doubt not, is a mistranscription of the passage in the O, which I have here followed; i. e. أَشْمَلَتِ الرِيحُ هَبَّت شَمالًا مِثل شَمَلَت; or of a similar passage in which إِذَا هَبَّتْ is put instead of هَبَّتْ alone.]) One says of two persons when they are separated, شَمَلَتْ رِيحُهُمَا (assumed tropical:) [Their wind has become north, or northerly]. (TA voce جَنُوبٌ, q. v. [See also مَشْمُولٌ.]) b3: شَمَلَ الخَمْرَ, (K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. شَمْلٌ, (TA,) He exposed the wine to the شَمَال [i. e. north, or northerly, wind], so that it became cold, or cool. (K.) b4: And شُمِلُوا, (S, and in like manner in the Ham p. 595,) or شَمِلُوا, [expressly said to be] like فَرِحُوا, (K, [but this I think to be a mistake, the weight of authority, and the form of the part. n., which is مَشْمُولٌ, being against it,]) They were smitten, or blown upon, by the wind called the شَمَال. (S, K.) A4: شَمَلَ النَّخْلَةَ, (K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. شَمْلٌ, (TA,) He picked the ripe dates that were upon the palm-tree; as also ↓ اشملها, and ↓ شَمْلَلَهَا: (K:) or this last (which is mentioned on the authority of Seer), accord. to some, signifies he took of the شَمَالِيل of the palmtree; i. e., of the few dates remaining upon it. (TA.) 2 تَشْمِيلٌ [properly inf. n. of شَمَّلَ]: see 5, of which it is an anomalous inf. n. (TA.) b2: and for its proper verb see 7.

A2: Also The taking by the شِمَال [or left hand]. (TA.) A3: And شمّل النَّخْلَةَ He bound pieces of [the garments called]

أَكْسِيَة [pl. of كِسَآءٌ] beneath the racemes of the palm-tree, because of its shaking off its fruit. (TA.) 4 أَشْمَلَهُمٌ شَرًّا: see 1, first sentence. b2: اشمل الفَحْلُ شَوْلَهُ, (Az, S, O,) inf. n. إِشْمَالٌ; (S;) or اشمل شَوْلَهُ لِقَاحًا; (K;) The stallion-camel got with young from half to two thirds of the number of his شَوْل [or she-camels that had passed seven or eight months since the period of their bringing forth]: (Az, S, O, K:) when he has got them all with young, one says, أَقَمَّهَا; (Az, S, O, TA;) and of the شول one says, قَمَّتْ, inf. n. قُمُومٌ. (TA.) b3: اشمل فُلَانٌ خَرَائِفَهُ Such a one picked the ripe dates that were upon his خرائف [or palm-trees of which he gathered the fruit for himself and his household], except a few. (S, O.) b4: See also 1, last sentence.

A2: اشملهُ He gave him a شَمْلَة [q. v.]. (K, TA.) b2: اشمل الشَّاةَ: see 1.

A3: اشمل He became possessor of a مِشْمَلَة, (Lh, TA,) or, of a مِشْمَل. (K.) A4: اشملوا They entered upon [a time in which blew] the [north, or northerly,] wind termed الشَّمَال: (S, O, K:) like as they say, اجنبوا in the case of the جَنُوب. (TA.) b2: أَشْمَلَتِ الرِّيحُ: see 1, latter half. b3: See also 7.5 تشمّل بِالشَّمْلَةِ, [and تشمّل الشَّمْلَةَ, (see 5 in art. درس,)] inf. n. تَشَمُّلٌ and ↓ تَشْمِيلٌ; (K;) the former reg.; the latter, which is mentioned by Lh, irreg., an instance like that in the saying [in the Kur lxxiii. 8], وَتَبَتَّلْ إِلَيْهِ تَبْتِيلًا; (TA;) He covered himself with the شَمْلَة [q. v.]. (K.) [See also 8.]7 انشمل i. q. شَمَّرَ, (K, TA,) or اِنْشَمَرَ, (O, TA,) [both of which signify He passed along striving, or exerting himself; and the latter signifies also he acted with a penetrative force or energy; and he hastened, or went quickly;] فِى حَاجَتِهِ [in his needful affair]. (O, TA.) And i. q. أَسْرَعَ [He hastened; went quickly; or was quick, swift, or fleet]: (K:) or so ↓ أَشْمَلَ: (thus in the O, as on the authority of IDrd:) or so ↓ اشتمل, inf. n. اشتمال: (thus accord. to my copy of the Msb:) and likewise (O, K) ↓ شَمْلَلَ, (S, O, K,) inf. n. شَمْلَلَةٌ: (S:) and so ↓ شمّل, (K,) inf. n. تَشْمِيلٌ. (TA.) And i. q. اِنْشَمَرَ (O, TA) and اِنْضَمَّ, (TA,) [both meaning It became contracted,] as used by a poet in relation to a she-camel's udder. (O, TA.) 8 اشتمل بِثَوْبِهِ He wrapped, or inwrapped, himself with his garment; syn. تَلَفَّفَ: (S, O:) or اشتمل بِالثَّوْبِ signifies he wrapped the garment around the whole of his body so that his arm, or hand, did not come forth from it: (K:) or, as some say, he wrapped himself with the garment, and threw [a part of] it upon his left side. (TA.) [See also 5.] اِشْتِمَالُ الصَّمَّآءِ, which is forbidden by the Prophet, is, accord. to As, The wrapping oneself with the garment so as to cover with it his body, not raising a side thereof in such a manner that there is in it an opening from which he may put forth his hand, or arm: (O:) this is also termed التَّلَفُّعُ: and sometimes one reclines in the state thus described: (TA:) but A 'Obeyd says, accord. to the explanation of the lawyers, it is the wrapping oneself with one garment, not having upon him another, then raising it on one side and putting it upon his shoulders: [so says Sgh; and he adds,] he who explains it thus has regard to the dislike of one's uncovering himself and exposing to view the pudenda; and he who explains it as do the lexicologists dislikes one's covering his whole body for fear of his becoming in a state in which his respiration would become obstructed so that he would perish: (O:) or it is one's covering his whole body with the كِسَآء or with the إِزَار; (S, Msb;) to which some add, not raising aught of the sides thereof. (Msb.) [See also art. صم.] One says also, يَشْتَمِلُ عَلَى السَّيفِ [He wraps his garment over the sword; or] he covers the sword with his garment. (S, O.) b2: [Hence, اشتمل عَلَى كَذَا It comprehended, or comprised, such a thing.] One says, الرَّحِمُ تَشْتَمِلُ عَلَى الــوَلَدِ (assumed tropical:) The womb comprises [or encloses] the young. (TA.) [And in like manner one says of a woman, اشتملت مِنْهُ عَلَى وَلَدٍ (assumed tropical:) She became with child by him. And الكِتَابُ يَشْتَمِلُ عَلَى كَذَا وَكَذَا (assumed tropical:) The book, or writing, comprises such and such things. And hence the phrase in grammar, بَدَلُ اشْتِمَالٍ (assumed tropical:) A substitute for an antecedent to indicate an implication therein.] b3: One says also, اشتمل عَلَيْهِ الأَمْرُ, meaning (tropical:) The event [such as a misfortune or an evil of any kind beset him, or beset him on every side, or] encompassed him; (K, TA;) like as the كِسَآء encompasses the body. (TA.) b4: One says of wine, تَشْتَمِلُ عَلَى العَقْلِ فَتَمْلِكُهُ وَتَذْهَبُ بِهِ (assumed tropical:) [It compasses the intellect, and so takes possession of it, and makes away with it]: (Ham p. 555:) or تَشْتَمِلُ عَلَى عَقْلِ الإِنْسَانِ فَتُغَيِّبُهُ (assumed tropical:) [It compasses the intellect of the man, and conceals it]; and thus one says of the present world or its enjoyments (الدُّنْيَا). (TA.) [اشتمل عَلَى شَىْءٍ often means (assumed tropical:) He took, or got, possession of a thing; got it, or held it, within his grasp, or in his possession.] b5: [Hence,] one says, اشتمل عَلَى نَاقَةٍ فَذَهَبَ بِهَا (assumed tropical:) He mounted a she-camel and went away with her. (Az, O.) b6: And اشتمل عَلَيْهِ (assumed tropical:) He shrouded, covered, or protected, him with himself, or his own person. (TA.) b7: See also 7 R. Q. 1 شَمْلَلَ: see 1, last sentence: A2: and see also 7.

شَمْلٌ A state of union or composedness: and a state of disunion or discomposedness: thus having two contr. significations: (MF, TA:) or a united, or composed, state of the affairs, (S, Msb, TA,) and of the number, (TA,) of a people, or company of men: (S, Msb, TA:) and a disunited, or discomposed, state of the affairs [&c.] thereof. (S, Mgh, Msb.) In imprecating evil upon enemies, (O, TA,) [or upon an enemy,] one says, شَتَّتَ اللّٰهُ شَمْلَهُمْ, (O, TA,) or فَرَّقَ اللّٰهُ شَمْلَهُمْ, (Msb,) or فرّق اللّٰه شَمْلَهُ, (S,) i. e. [May God dissolve, break up, discompose, derange, disorganize, disorder, or unsettle,] their, (Msb,) or his, (S,) united, or composed, state of affairs; (S, Msb;) and شَتَّ شَمْلُهُمْ i. e. [May their united, or composed, state of affairs &c.] become dissolved, broken up, discomposed, &c.: (O, TA:) and [in the contr. case] one says, جَمَعَ اللّٰهُ شَمْلَهُمْ, (S, O, Msb, TA,) or شَمْلَهُ, (Mgh,) i. e. [May God unite, or compose,] their, (S, Msb,) or his, (Mgh,) disunited, or discomposed, state of affairs [&c.]. (S, Mgh, Msb.) And ↓ شَمَلٌ signifies the same: El-Ba'eeth says, قَدْ يَنْعَشُ اللّٰهُ الفَتَى بَعْدَ عَثْرَةٍ

وَقَدْ يَجْمَعُ اللّٰهُ الشَّتِيتَ مِنَ الشَّمَلْ [Sometimes, or often, God raises the young man after a stumble: and sometimes, or often, God unites, or composes, what is dissolved, or broken up, of the state of affairs previously united, or composed]: (S, O:) Az cites this ex. in his “ Nawádir: ” (S:) but Aboo-'Omar El-Jarmee says that he had not heard the word thus except in this verse: (S, O:) Ibn-Buzurj, however, cites another verse as presenting an ex. of the same. (TA.) b2: دَخَلَ فِى شَمْلِهَا and ↓ شَمَلِهَا, said of a he-camel that has become concealed among a herd of [she-] camels, means He entered amid their dense multitude: (K, TA:) so in the M and the Moheet. (TA.) A2: Also, (AHn, O, K,) and so ↓ شِمْلٌ, and ↓ شِمِلٌّ, (K,) A raceme of a palm-tree: (AHn, O, K:) Et-Tirimmáh likens thereto a camel's tail: (TA:) or such as has little fruit: (K:) or of which some of the fruit has been plucked: but AO used to say that it is the produce [or spadix] of the male palm-tree, while not abundant and large. (TA.) A3: See also شَمَالٌ.

A4: And شَمْلٌ مِنْ جُنُونٍ signifies Fear, or fright, like insanity: and so ↓ شَمَلٌ [used alone, and thus written]. (TA.) شِمْلٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, near the end.

شَمَلٌ: see شَمْلٌ, in two places.

A2: Also i. q. كَنَفٌ [as meaning Quarter, or shelter or protection]: الكَتِفُ in the copies of the K being a mistake for الكَنَفُ: one says, نَحْنُ فِى شَمَلِكُمْ i. e. فِى كَنَفِكُمْ [We are in your quarter, &c.]. (TA.) A3: And A small quantity (S, K) of dates upon a palm-tree (S) or of ripe dates: (K:) and of rain: (S, K:) and a small number (S, K) of men and of camels (S) or of men &c.: pl. أَشْمَالٌ: and in like manner ↓ شُمْلُولٌ [app. in all of these applications]; (K;) [or] as meaning a light quantity of fruit of the palm-tree; (TA;) and the pl. of the latter is شَمَالِيلُ: (K:) one says, مَا عَلَى النَّخْلَةِ إِلَّا شَمَلٌ and ↓ شَمَلَةٌ and ↓ شَمَالِيلُ There is not upon the palm-tree save a small quantity remaining of its fruit: (S, TA:) or ↓ مَابَقِىَ فِى النَّخْلَةِ إِلَّا شَمَلَةٌ and ↓ شَمَالِيلُ There remained not upon the palm-tree save somewhat in a sparse state [of its fruit]: (TA:) and أَصَابَنَا شَمَلٌ مِنْ مَطَرٍ A small quantity of rain fell upon us: and رَأَيْتُ شَمَلًا مِنَ النَّاسِ وَالإِبِلِ I saw a small number of men and of camels. (S.) A4: See also شَمَالٌ, in two places: A5: And see شَمْلٌ, last sentence.

شَمِلٌ Wrapping, or inwrapping, himself (↓ مُشْتَمِلٌ) with a شَمْلَة [q. v.]. (TA.) A2: and Thin; syn. رَقِيقٌ: thus expl. by Sh, as applied in this sense by Ibn-Mukbil to a she-camel's tail, which he terms لِيف. (TA.) شَمْلَةٌ A [garment of the kind called] كِسَآء, with which one wraps, or inwraps, himself (يُشْتَمَلُ بِهِ), (S, Mgh, K,) smaller than the قَطِيفَة; as also ↓ مِشْمَلٌ (K) and ↓ مِشْمَلَةٌ; (S, K;) the last two expl. by Lth as a كِسَآء having a sparse villous substance, with which one wraps himself, smaller than the قَطِيفَة: (TA:) or the first signifies a small كِسَآء which one wears in the manner of the إِزَار [or waist-wrapper]: (Msb:) or with the Arabs it is a مِئْزَر [or waist-wrapper] of wool or of [goats'] hair, which one wraps round him: and ↓ مِشْمَلَةٌ, such as is made of two pieces sewed together, with which a man wraps himself when he sleeps by night: (Az, TA:) and this last, accord. to Meyd, signifies a كِسَآء comprising the steel with which one strikes fire, with the apparatus of this latter: (Har p. 628:) the pl. of the first is شِمَالٌ (Msb, TA) and شَمَلَاتٌ. (Msb.) [See also مِشْمَالٌ.] b2: [Hence the saying,] ضَمَّ عَلَيْهِ اللَّيْلُ شَمْلَتَهُ (tropical:) [The night contracted upon him its covering of darkness]. (TA.) b3: and أُمُّ شَمْلَةَ (tropical:) The present world, or its enjoyments; syn. الدُّنْيَا: (IAar, K, TA:) so called because compassing the intellect of a man (تَشْتَمِلُ عَلَى

عَقْلِهِ), and concealing it. (TA.) b4: And (assumed tropical:) Wine: (AA, K, TA:) so called for the same reason. (TA.) b5: And The sun. (Z, TA; and T in art. ام).

شِمْلَةٌ A mode, or manner, of اِشْتِمَال [or wrapping oneself with a garment as expl. above: see 8]. (K, TA.) الشِمْلَةُ الصَّمَّآءُ is That [mode of wrapping oneself] which is without a shirt and without drawers beneath; in the case of which, prayer is disliked. (TA. [See 8, and see also art. صم.]) شَمَلَةٌ: see شَمَلٌ, in two places.

شَمَلٌّ: see شَمَالٌ.

شِمِلٌّ: see شَمْلٌ, near the end of the paragraph.

A2: Also, (TA,) and شِمِلَّةٌ; (S, O, K, TA;) the former applied to a he-camel; (TA;) and the latter to a she-camel, as also ↓ شِمْلَالٌ and ↓ شِمْلِيلٌ, (S, O, Msb, K, TA,) which are likewise applied to a he-camel, (TA,) and ↓ شِمَالٌ; (K;) Light, active, or agile; (S, O, Msb, K;) or swift. (Msb, K, TA.) Hence the phrase ↓ طَأْطَأْتُ شِمْلَالِى [I hastened my light one, or my swift one]: or, accord. to AA, he means his hand, or arm, called the شِمَال; [i. e. I lowered my left hand or arm;] شِمْلَالٌ and شِمَالٌ meaning the same. (S, O.) شَمَالٌ, (S, O, Msb, K, &c.,) the most common form of the word, (Msb,) and ↓ شِمَالٌ, [a form which I think objectionable as likely to cause confusion, though it is probably the original form,] (K,) and ↓ شَمْأَلٌ, (S, O, Msb, K,) and ↓ شَمْأَلٌّ, (S, O, K, [in one place in the O erroneously written شَأمَلّ,]) and ↓ شَأْمَلٌ, (S, O, Msb, K,) which last is formed by transposition, (S, O, Msb,) and ↓ شَامَلٌ, without ء, (MF, TA,) and ↓ شَوْمَلٌ, and ↓ شَيْمَلٌ and ↓ شَمُولٌ, (O, K,) and ↓ شَمِيلٌ, (K,) and ↓ شَمَلٌ, (S, O, Msb, K,) and ↓ شَمْلٌ, (S, Msb, K,) the last said by ISd not to have been heard except in the poetry of El-Ba'eeth, (TA,) and ↓ شَمَلٌّ, (MF, TA,) [every one of these] used as a subst. and as an epithet, (K,) [so that one says رِيحُ الشَّمَالِ &c. as well as رِيحٌ شَمَالٌ &c. and شَمَالٌ &c. alone; The north wind: or a northerly wind:] the wind that is the opposite to the جَنُوب: (Msb:) the wind that blows from the direction of the قُطْب [or pole-star]: (S:) or the wind that blows from the direction of the حِجْر [which is on what is called the north, but what is rather to be called the north-west, side of the Kaabeh]: (M, K:) or the wind that blows from the direction of the right hand of a person facing the Kibleh [by which is meant the angle of the Black Stone; i. e., correctly speaking, from the north]: (Th, M, K:) or, correctly, the wind that blows from between the place of sunrise and the constellation of the Bear (بَنَات نَعْش): or from between the place of sunrise and the place of setting of the constellation of the Eagle (النَّسْر الطَّائِر): (IAar, K:) [i. e. the wind that blows from some point of the north-east quarter, or nearly so: but it was probably thus named as being the wind that blows from the direction of the شِمَال (or left side) of a person facing the rising sun; and therefore the north wind or a northerly wind:] it seldom, or never, blows in the night: (K:) when it blows for seven days upon the people of Egypt, they prepare the graveclothes, for its nature is deadly: it is cold and dry: (TA:) [see also نَكْبَآءُ:] the pl. of شَمَالٌ is شَمَالَاتٌ (S, O, K) and شَمَائِلُ, which is anomalous, as though pl. of شَمَالَةٌ: (S, O:) الأَشَامِل also occurs, coupled with الأَجَانِب, in a verse of Et-Tirimmáh; and [as أَجَانِبُ is a reg. pl. of أَجْنُبٌ, which is a pl. of جَنُوبٌ,] ISd thinks that they formed from شَمْلٌ the pl. أَشْمَلٌ; and then from this last, the pl. أَشَامِلُ. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] one says, ↓ أَصَبْتُ مِنْ فُلَانٍ شَمَلًا i. e. رِيحًا [(assumed tropical:) I perceived from such a one an odour, app. meaning a foul odour]. (TA.) شِمَالٌ, (S, O, Msb, K, &c.,) applied to one of the hands or arms, (S, Msb,) The left; contr. of يَمِينٌ; (S, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ شِيمَالٌ, (K, TA, [in the CK, الشَّمال and الشّمال are erroneously put for الشِّمَال and الشِّيمَال,]) the latter thought by ISd to be used only by poetic license, for شِمَالٌ, (TA,) and ↓ شِمْلَالٌ, (AA, S, O, K,) this last not known to Ks nor to As: (TA:) of the fem. gender: (S, O, Msb:) pl. [of pauc.] أَشْمُلٌ, (S, O, Msb, K,) because it is fem., (S, O,) and [of mult.] شَمَائِلُ, (S, O, Msb, K,) which is anomalous, (S, O,) and شُمُلٌ, and شِمَالٌ like the sing. (K.) b2: And The direction [or side] of the hand so called: you say, اِلْتَفَتَ يَمِينًا وَشِمَالًا i. e. [He looked, or turned his face,] in the direction of the يمين and in the direction of the شمال: and the pl. in this sense also is أُشْمُلٌ and شَمَائِلُ: (Msb:) you say, ذَهَبَ إِلَى أَيْمُنِ الإِبِلِ وَأَشْمُلِهَا He went to the right sides of the camels and the left sides thereof. (TA in art. يمن.) b3: [Hence,] (tropical:) Ill luck, unluckiness, or evil fortune. (K, TA.) طَيْرُ الشِّمَالِ means (tropical:) Birds of ill luck: (A, TA:) every bird from which one augurs evil. (O, TA.) One says, جَرَى لَهُ غُرَابُ شِمَالٍ, meaning (assumed tropical:) What was disliked, or hated, happened to him: as though the bird [to which this is likened] came to him from the شِمَال [or direction of the left hand]. (TA.) And when the place that a person occupies is rendered evil, one says, فُلَانٌ عِنْدِى

بِالشِّمَالِ (assumed tropical:) [Such a one is with me, or in my estimation, in an evil plight]. (TA.) b4: See also شَمَالٌ. b5: Also Every handful of corn, or seedproduce, which the reaper grasps [app. because grasped with his left hand]. (K.) A2: And A sort of bag that is put upon the udder of the ewe or goat (S, O, K) when it (i. e. the udder, TA) is heavy [with milk]: (K, * TA:) or it is peculiar to the she-goat: (K:) pl. شُمُلٌ. (K voce عَرَابَةٌ.) b2: And A similar thing that is put to the raceme of a palm-tree, made with pieces of [the garments called] أَكْسِيَة [pl. of كِسَآءٌ], in order that the fruit may not be shaken off. (S, O.) [In this sense it may perhaps be from the same word as pl. of شَمْلَةٌ.]

A3: And A mark made with a hot iron (سِمَةٌ) upon the udder of a ewe or goat. (K.) A4: Also A nature; or a natural disposition or temper or the like: (O, Msb, K:) accord. to Er-Rághib, so called because [it is as though it were a thing] inwrapping the man [and restricting his freedom of action], like as the [garments called]

شِمَال [pl. of شَمْلَةٌ] inwrap the body: (TA:) the pl. is شَمَائِلُ, (O, K, TA,) and شِمَالٌ, also, [which seems to be rarely used as a sing. in this sense,] may be a pl., like دِلَاصٌ. (TA; and Ham p. 489, q. v.) 'Abd-Yaghooth El-Hárithee says, أَلَمْ تَعْلَمَا أَنَّ المَلَامَةَ نَفْعُهَا قَلِيلٌ وَمَا لَوْمِى أَخِىمِنْ شِمَالِيَا [Know not ye two that the utility of censure is little, and my censuring my brother is not of my nature, or of my natural dispositions?]: (O, TA:) here it may be a pl., of the class of هِجَانٌ and دِلَاصٌ: or it may be [شَمَالِيَا,] an instance of transposition, for شَمَائِلِى. (TA.) A5: See also شِمِلٌّ.

شَمْأَلٌ and شَمْأَلٌّ: see شَمَالٌ.

شَمُولٌ: see شَمَالٌ. b2: Also Wine: (S, K:) or wine that is cool (K, TA) to the taste; but this is not of valid authority; (TA;) as also ↓ مَشْمُولَةٌ: [wine is said to be] thus called because it envelops (تَشْمَلُ) men with its odour: or because it has a strong puff (عَصْفَة), [when opened,] like that of the [wind called] شَمَال [in the CK شمال]. (K, TA.) شَمِيلٌ: see شَمَالٌ.

شمالة [thus in my original, without any syll. signs, probably شِمَالَةٌ, like سِتَارَةٌ &c.,] The lurkingplace (قُتْرَة) of a hunter or sportsman: pl. شَمَائِلُ. (TA.) شَمَالِىٌّ Of, or relating to, the quarter of the شَمَال [or north, or northerly, wind]. (KL.) b2: And A cold day. (KL.) شِمْلَالٌ: see شِمِلٌّ, in two places: A2: and see شِمَالٌ.

شُمْلُولٌ; and its pl. شَمَالِيلُ: see شَمَلٌ, in three places. b2: شَمَالِيلُ also signifies The shoots that divaricate at the heads of branches, like the fruitstalks of the raceme of the palm-tree. (S, O.) b3: [Hence,] ذَهَبُوا شَمَالِيلَ They went away in distinct parties: (K:) or they dispersed themselves. (S, O.) b4: And ثَوْبٌ شَمَالِيلُ A garment, or piece of cloth, rent, or slit, in several places; (O, TA;) like شَمَاطِيطُ. (S, O.) b5: شَمَالِيلُ النوى means بَقَايَاهُ [i. e. The remains of النوى: but I doubt whether this word be correctly transcribed]. (TA.) شِمْلِيلٌ: see شِمِلٌّ.

شَامَلٌ and شَأْمَلٌ: see شَمَالٌ.

أَمْرٌ شَامِلٌ i. q. عَامٌّ [i. e. An event, or a case, that includes persons or things in common, in general, or universally, within the compass of its effect or effects, its operation or operations, its influence, or the like; or that is common, general, or universal, in its effect &c.]. (S, * O, * Msb, TA.) b2: لَوْنٌ شَامِلٌ A black colour overspread with another colour. (O, TA.) شَوْمَلٌ: see شَمَالٌ.

شَيْمَلٌ: see شَمَالٌ.

شِيمَالٌ: see شِمَالٌ.

مِشْمَلٌ: see شَمْلَةٌ. b2: Also A short sword, (S, O, K,) or a short and slender sword, like the مِغْوَل, (TA,) over which a man covers himself with his garment. (S, O, K.) مَشْمَلَةٌ The place [or quarter] whence blows the [north, or northerly, wind called] شَمَال. (Ham p. 628.) مِشْمَلَةٌ: see شَمْلَةٌ, in two places.

مِشْمَالٌ A [garment of the kind called] مِلْحَفَة, (K, TA,) with which one wraps, or inwraps, himself (يُشْتَمَلُ بِهِ). (TA.) [See also شَمْلَةٌ.]

مَشْمُولٌ A man smitten, or blown upon, by the [north, or northerly,] wind called شَمَال: (S, O:) and in like manner, a meadow, and a pool of water left by a torrent; (O;) or, applied to this last, smitten by the wind thus called so as to become cool: (S:) and hence, with ة, wine (tropical:) cool to the taste; (S, O, TA; *) or wine exposed to the شَمَال and so rendered cool and pleasant: (TA: see also شَمُولٌ:) and fire upon which the wind called the شَمَال has blown: (S, O:) and a night cold, with [wind that is called] شَمَال. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] (tropical:) One whose natural dispositions are liked, approved, or found pleasant: (K:) from [the same epithet applied to] water upon which the شَمَال has blown, and which it has cooled: or, as ISd thinks, from شَمُولٌ [q. v.]: (TA:) or مَشْمُولُ الخَلَائِقِ a man whose natural dispositions are commended; as being likened to wine that is commended: and also whose natural dispositions are discommended; as though from الشَّمَالُ, because they do not commend it when it disperses the clouds: (Har p. 285:) [for] أَخْلَاقٌ مَشْمُولَةٌ [sometimes] means discommended, evil, natural dispositions. (IAar, ISk, TA.) The saying of Aboo-Wejzeh, مَشْمُولَةُ الأُنْسِ مَجْنُوبٌ مَوَاعِدُهَا is expl. by IAar as meaning (assumed tropical:) Her familiarity passes away with the شَمَال, and her promises pass away with the جَنُوب [which is the opposite of the شَمَال]: or, as some relate it, مَجْنُوبَةُ الأُنْسِ مَشْمُولٌ مَوَاعِدُهَا [meaning in like manner, as is said in the TA, on the authority of IAar, in art. جنب: or,] accord. to ISk, meaning her familiarity is commended, because the جنوب, with rain, is desired for abundance of herbage; and her promises are not commended. (TA.) b3: نَوًى مَشْمُولَةٌ, a phrase used by Zuheyr, is expl. as meaning (assumed tropical:) [A tract, or place, towards which one journeys,] that separates friends; because the [wind called]

شَمَال disperses the clouds: (TA:) or it means quickly [or soon] becoming exposed to view; (ISk, O, TA;) from the fact that when the wind called the شَمَال blows the clouds, they delay not to become cleared away, and to depart: (O:) or, accord. to IAar, it means مَأْخُوذٌ بِهَا ذَاتُ الشِّمَالِ [in which the direction of the left hand is taken]. (TA.) b4: In the saying, حَمَلَتْ بِهِ فِى لَيْلَةٍ مَشْمُولَةٌ the meaning is, فَرِعَةٌ [i. e. One in a state of fright became pregnant with him in a certain night]. (TA, referring to the phrase شَمْلٌ مِنْ جُنُونٍ.) مُشْتَمِلٌ: see شَمِلٌ b2: One says, جَآءَ مُشْتَمِلًا بِسَيْفِهِ like as one says مُرْتَدِيًا [i. e. He came having his sword hung upon him]. (TA.) b3: And جَآءَ فُلَانٌ مُشْتَمِلًا عَلَى دَاهِيَةٍ (tropical:) [Such a one came conceiving a calamity]. (TA.)

شرم

1 شَرَمَهُ, (S, K,) aor. ـِ (K,) inf. n. شَرْمٌ, i. q. شَقَّهُ [meaning He slit it; or rent it; and perhaps also he clave it, split it, &c.]. (S, K.) b2: It is also said in the K that الشَّرْمُ signifies قَطْعُ مَا بَيْنَ الأَرْنَبَةِ: but ما بين should be struck out: and the passage, moreover, is defective: it should be, as in the M, الشَّرْمُ and ↓ التَّشْرِيمُ signify The cutting (قَطْع [or rather شَقّ i. e. slitting or rending]) of the end, or tip, of the nose, and of the ثَفْر [here meaning the vulva, or the orifice of the vagina,] of a she-camel: specially said of these two things. (TA. [See also 2; and see شَرِيمٌ.]) b3: شَرَمَ الثَّرِيدَةَ, aor. and inf. n. as above, and the latter, by poetic license, شَرَمٌ, He ate of the sides, or of the edge, of the ثريدة [or mess of crumbled bread moistened with broth]. (TA.) b4: شَرَمَ لَهُ مِنْ مَالِهِ, (S, K,) aor. as above, (K,) and so the inf. n., (TA,) He gave him little of his مال (i. e. property, or cattle]. (S, K.) A2: شَرِمَ, aor. ـَ is quasi-pass. of شَرَمَهُ; [i. e. it signifies It was, or became, slit, or rent;] (TA;) as also ↓ انشرم. (S, TA. [In the former it is implied that the meaning of the latter verb is اِنْشَقَّ.]) b2: Also, aor. as above, (Msb,) inf. n. شَرَمٌ, (S, * Msb, K, *) He (a man) had his nose slit: (Msb:) or he had the end, or tip, of his nose cut. (S, * Msb, K. *) 2 تَشْرِيمٌ i. q. تَشْقِيقٌ [meaning The slitting, or rending, and perhaps also cleaving, splitting, &c., much, or in several places]: (S, K, TA: [see 2 in art. خرم:]) one says, شرّمهُ [he slit it &c.], in relation to the ear &c.: (TA:) [it is used in relation to the end, or tip, of the nose; and to the orifice of the vagina of a she-camel; as shown above:] see 1, second sentence. تَشْرِيمُ الظِّئَارِ is [The scarifying of the vulva, or of the orifice of the vagina, for the purpose of] the making a she-camel to affect and suckle a young one not her own [by causing her to imagine, from the pain thus occasioned, that she has recently brought forth that young one]; (TA;) تشريم in this phrase signifying تَشْقِيق. (T in art. ظأر.) It is said in a trad. of Ibn-'Omar, that he purchased a she-camel, and, seeing in her what is thus termed, returned her: (S:) in this instance, تشريم الظئار means The laceration of the two edges of the vulva on the occasion of ظئار. (T and TA in art. ظأر: see 1 in that art.) b2: تَشْرِيمُ الصَّيْدِ is The wounding of the skin of the animal of the chase without piercing into the belly, or inside, (L in art. حق, [see 8 in that art.,]) so that the animal escapes wounded. (S, K. *) 5 تشرّم, (S, K,) said of the skin, (TA,) or of a thing, (S,) It was, or became, rent, or slit, in several places; (S, K, TA;) quasi-pass. of شَرَّمَهُ. (TA.) It is said in a trad. of Kaab, أَتَى عُمَرَ بِكِتَابٍ قَدْ تَشَرَّمَتْ نَوَاحِيهِ i. e. تَشَقَّقَتْ [meaning He brought to 'Omar a book of which the sides were slit, or rent, in several places]. (TA.) 7 إِنْشَرَمَ see 1, near the end.

شَرْمٌ A canal, or cut, (خَلِيج,) from a بَحْر [i. e. sea, or large river]: (S, K:) [now applied to a creek of a sea:] or the لُجَّة [i. e. main body, or fathomless deep,] of the بَحْر [or sea]: (K:) or the deepest part thereof: (TA:) or a غَمْرَة [or submerging deep] thereof: pl. شُرُومٌ. (IB, TA.) b2: And Any fissure in a mountain or rock, not passing through. (TA.) A2: Also A certain kind of tree. (K.) b2: Also, (K,) or عُشْبٌ شَرْمٌ, (S, [in one of my copies of the S شَرِمٌ,]) Abundant herbs or herbage, of which the upper parts are eaten, the middle parts not being required, (S, K,) nor the lower parts. (S.) شَرُومٌ: see what next follows.

شَرِيمٌ A woman having her vagina and rectum united by the rending of the separation between them; syn. مُفْضَاةٌ; (S, Mgh, K;) as also ↓ شَرُومٌ, (S, K,) and ↓ شَرْمَآءُ; (K;) or the last of these in this sense has not been heard, though mentioned in the sense here following. (Mgh.) b2: Also A she-camel having her ثَفْر [here meaning the vulva, or the orifice of the vagina,] cut [or rather slit or rent]; and so ↓ شَرْمَآءُ, and ↓ مَشْرُومَةٌ: (M, TA:) or ↓ شَرْمَآءُ applied to a she-camel and to a she-ass, accord. to the Tekmileh, means having the vulva slit, or rent: therefore the first-mentioned meaning of this epithet, applied to a woman, if correct, may be tropical. (Mgh.) b3: Also The فَرْج [or vulva]; (K;) because of its being cleft. (TA.) شَارِمٌ An arrow that slits, or rends, (يَشْرِمُ,) the side of the target. (S, K, TA.) أَشْرَمُ, applied to a man, (IAar, S, Msb, K,) i. q. الأَنْفِ ↓ مَشْرُومُ; (S, K,) [i. e.] Having the nose slit; (IAar, Msb, TA;) like أَخْرَمُ: (IAar, TA:) or having the end, or tip, of the nose cut: (Msb:) and having the lower lip slit; like أَفْلَحُ: and having the upper lip slit; like أَعْلَمُ: and having the ear slit; like أَخْرَبُ: and having the eyelid slit; like أَشْتَرُ: it has all these meanings: (IAar, TA:) fem. شَرْمَآءُ, applied to a woman. (Msb.) b2: For the fem., see also شَرِيمٌ, in three places. b3: The fem. is also applied to an ear (أُذُنٌ), meaning Having a small portion cut from the upper part; and so ↓ مُشَرَّمَةٌ. (TA.) مُشَرَّمٌ Slit, or rent, in several places: so in a trad., where it is said, فَجَآءَهُ بِمُصْحَفٍ مُشَرَّمِ الأَطْرَافِ [And he brought him a copy of the Kur-án having the extremities slit, &c.]. (TA.) b2: See also أَشْرَمُ, last sentence.

مَشْرُومٌ: see أَشْرَمُ: b2: and see also شَرِيمٌ.

ت

أم3 تَآءَمَ أَخَاهُ, (K, TA, [in the TT, as from the M, written تَأَمَ, and so by Golius,]) inf. n. مُتَآءَمَةٌ, (TA,) He was twinborn with his brother. (M, K, TA.) b2: تآءم, (S,) or تآءم ثَوْبًا, (M, K, TA, [in the TT, again, written تَأَمَ,]) inf. n. as above, (S, TA,) (assumed tropical:) He wove a piece of cloth of threads two and two together (S, M, K) in its warp and its woof. (K.) [See مِتْآمٌ, and see also نِيرٌ.] b3: تآءم الفَرَسُ, (K, [written by Golius تَأَمَ,]) inf. n. as above, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) The horse fetched run after run. (K.) 4 أَتْأَمَتْ She (a mother, K, or a woman, S, M, Msb, and any pregnant animal, M) twinned, or brought forth two at one birth. (T, S, M, Msb, K.) A2: أَتْأَمَهَا i. q. أَفْضَاهَا [like آتَمَهَا, q. v. in art. اتم]. (S, K.) [Golius and Freytag have rendered it as though it meant أَفْضَى إِلَيْهَا.]

تِئْمٌ, whence هُوَ تِئْمُهُ: see تَوْءَمٌ.

تَئِيمٌ, whence هُوَ تَئِيمُهُ: see تَوْءَمٌ.

تُؤَامِيَّةٌ A pearl; (M, K;) so called in relation to تُؤَامٌ, (TA,) which is a town twenty leagues from the metropolis of 'Omán, (K, TA,) in the tract next the sea, (TA,) a city of 'Omán whence pearls are purchased, (M,) erroneously called by J تَوْءَمٌ, [but in one copy of the S I find it written تُوام,] and said by him to be the metropolis of 'Omán; (K;) as also ↓ تَوْءَمِيَّةٌ, (TA, [and thus it is written in copies of the S, but in one copy I find it written تُوامِيَّة,]) thought by En-Nejeeremee to be thus called in relation to the oyster-shell, because this is always what is termed تَوْءَمٌ, q. v. (TA.) تَوْءَمٌ A twin; one of two young, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) and of more, (M, K,) brought forth at one birth, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) of any animals; whether a male or a female, or a male [brought forth] with a female; (M, K;) and تَوْءَمَةٌ is [also] applied to a female: (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K:) it occurs in poetry contracted into تَوَمٌ: (M:) the pl. is تَوَائِمُ and تُؤَامٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) the latter of which is of a rare form, not without parallels, (M,) said by some to be a quasi-pl. n., and by some to be originally [تِئَامٌ,] with kesr, but the assertion of these last is condemned by AHei; (MF;) and تَوْءَمُونَ is allowable as applied to human beings: (S, TA:) you say, هُوَ تَوْءَمُهُ [in the TA, erroneously, تُؤْمُهُ, with damm,] and ↓ تِئْمُهُ and ↓ تَئِيمُهُ [in the CK تَيْئمُهُ] (Az, M, K) [meaning He is his twin-brother]: and هُمَا تَوْءَمَانِ (S, * M, Mgh, Msb * K) and تَوْءَمٌ (M, K) [They two are twin-brothers]: or تَوْءَمٌ applies only to one of the two; (Msb;) it is a mistake to say هُمَا تَوْءَمٌ and هُمَا زَوْجٌ: (Mgh:) [but see زَوْجٌ:] Lth says that تَوْءَمٌ applies to two sons, or young ones, [born] together; and that one should not say هُمَا تَوْءَمَانِ, but هُمَا تَوْءَمٌ: this, however, is a mistake: correctly, as ISk and Fr say, تَوْءَمٌ applies to one, and تَوْءَمَانِ to two. (T, TA.) It is of the measure فَوْعَلٌ, (Kh, S, IB, Msb,) in the opinion of some, (IB,) and originally وَوْءَمٌ, (Kh, T, S, IB,) like as تَوْلَجٌ is originally وَوْلَجٌ; (Kh, T, S;) from الوِئَامُ, (T, IB,) “ the being mutually near,” (T,) “ mutually agreeing,” (T, IB,) “ being mutually conformable; ” (IB;) so that it means one that agrees with, or matches, another, (IB.) b2: It is metaphorically used in relation to all things resembling one another [so that it means (tropical:) One of a pair]. (M.) A poet says, قَالَتْ لَنَا وَدَمْعُهَا تُؤَامُ كَالدُّرِّ إِذْ أَسْلَمَهُ النِّظَامُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ ارْتَحَلُوا السَّلَامُ (assumed tropical:) [She said to us, while her tears fell in pairs, or in close succession, like large pearls when the string lets them drop off, Upon those who have departed be peace]. (S.) [This citation, and what immediately follows it in the S, mentioning the pl. تَوْءَمُونَ, not تُؤَامُونَ, have been misunderstood by Golius; and Freytag has followed him in this case.] b3: التَّوْءَمُ is also [a name of] (assumed tropical:) A certain Mansion [of the Moon; namely, the Sixth; more commonly called الهَنْعَةُ;] pertaining to الجَوْزَآء

[here meaning Gemini]; (M, K;) one of two [asterisms] called تَوْءَمَانِ: (M:) التَّوْءَمَانِ is (assumed tropical:) The Sign of Gemini. (Kzw.) b4: [The pl.] تَوَائِمُ also signifies (assumed tropical:) Clusters, or what are clustered together, (مَا تَشَابَكَ,) of stars, and of pearls. (M, K.) b5: And تَوْءَمَانِ, (assumed tropical:) A pair of pearls, or large pearls, for the ear: each of them is termed a تَوْءَمَة to the other. (TA.) b6: التَّوْءَمَانِ, [in the CK التَّوْءَمانُ,] (assumed tropical:) A certain small herb, (AHn, M, K,) having a fruit like cumin-seed, (AHn, M, and K in art. وأم,) and many leaves, growing in the plains, spreading long and wide, and having a yellow flower. (AHn, TA.) b7: التَّوْءَمُ also signifies (assumed tropical:) The arrow of the kind used in the game called المَيْسِر: (M:) or a certain arrow of those used in that game: (K:) or the second of those arrows; (S, M, K;) said by Lh to have two notches, and to entitle to two portions [of the slaughtered camel] if successful, and to subject to the payment for two portions if unsuccessful. (M.) b8: And تَوْءَمَاتٌ, (assumed tropical:) A kind of women's vehicles [borne by camels], (T, K,) like the مَشَاجِر, (T, TA,) erroneously said in the copies of the K to be like the مَشَاجِب, (TA,) having no coverings, or canopies: the sing. is تَوْءَمَةٌ. (T, K.) تَوْءَمِيَّةٌ: see تُؤَامِيَّةٌ.

مُتْئِمٌ Twinning, or bringing forth two at one birth; (S, M, Msb, K;) applied to a mother, (K,) or a woman, (S, M, Msb,) and to any pregnant animal; (M;) without ة. (Msb.) مِتْآمٌ Accustomed to twin, or bring forth two at one birth; (S, M, K;) applied to a mother, (K,) or a woman, (S, M,) and to any pregnant animal: (M:) pl. مَتَائِيمُ. (Har p. 613.) b2: Hence, (Har ubi suprà,) ثَوْبٌ مِتْآمٌ, (S, Har,) or ↓ مُتَآءَمٌ, (TA, PS,) [both app. correct,] (assumed tropical:) A piece of cloth woven of threads two and two together in its warp and its woof. (S, Har, TA.) b3: Hence, also, أَبْيَاتٌ مَتَائِيمُ (tropical:) Verses consisting of words in pairs whereof each member resembles the other in writing. (Har ubi suprà.) [See also مُتَوْءَمٌ.]

مُتَآءَمٌ: see مِتْآمٌ.

فَرَسٌ مُتَائِمٌ (assumed tropical:) A horse fetching, or that fetches, run after run. (S, M.) تَجْنِيسٌ مُتَوْءَمٌ (assumed tropical:) The using two words resembling each other in writing but not in expression; as in the saying, غَرَّكَ عِزُّكَ فَصَارَ قُصَارُ ذٰلِكَ ذُلَّكَ فَاخْشَ فَاحِشَ فِعْلِكَ فَعَلَّكَ تُهْدَا بِهٰذَا [Thy might, or elevated rank, hath deceived thee, and the end of that has become thine ignominy: fear then thine exorbitant deed, and may-be thou wilt be made to follow a right course by this]. (Har p. 269.)

تسع

1 تَسَعَهُمْ, aor. ـَ (S, Msb, K) and تَسِعَ (Yoo, Msb, K) and تَسُعَ, (Msb,) inf. n. تَسْعٌ, (T K,) He took the ninth part of their possessions: or he became the ninth of them: (S, Msb, K:) or he made them to be nine with himself; (K;) they having before been eight. (TA.) [See also 2.]2 تسّعهُ He made it nine. (Esh-Sheybánee, and K voce وَحَّدَ.) [See also 1.] b2: تسّع لِامْرَأَتِهِ, or عِنْدَهَا, He remained nine nights with his wife: and in like manner the verb is used in relation to any saying or action. (TA voce سَبَّعَ.) 4 اتسعوا They became nine: (S, K:) and they became ninety. (M and L in art. ثلث.) b2: They were, or became, persons whose camels came to water [on the ninth day, counting the day of the next preceding watering as the first; i. e.,] after an interval of nine days, [of which the first or last, or each of these, was not complete,] and eight nights. (S, * K, * TA.) تَسْعٌ: see تِسْعَةٌ.

تُسْعٌ A ninth part; one of nine parts; (S, Msb, K,) as also ↓ تُسُعٌ; (Msb;) and ↓ تَسِيعٌ, (S, Msb, K,) agreeably with a rule which some hold to be applicable in the case of every similar fractional number; but Sh says, I have not heard تَسِيعٌ on any authority but that of Az. (TA.) تِسْعٌ fem. of تِسْعَةٌ, q. v. b2: Also A certain ظْمء of the أَظْمَآء of camels; (S, K, TA;) i. e., their coming to water [on the ninth day, counting the day of the next preceding watering as the first; or, in other words,] after an interval of nine days, [of which the first or last, or each of these, is not complete,] and eight nights. (TA.) b3: Also The ninth young one, or offspring. (A in art. ثلث.) تُسَعٌ The seventh and eighth and ninth nights of the [lunar] month; (K;) the three nights of the month which are after the نُفَل, because the last night of these is the ninth; (S;) among the nights of the month are three called غُرَرٌ, [pl. of غُرَّةٌ,] and after these are three called نُفَلٌ, and after these are three called تُسَعٌ because the last of them is the ninth night: (Az, TA:) or the three nights of the commencement of the month, as some say; but the first of these explanations is more agreeable with analogy. (TA.) تُسُعٌ: see تُسْعٌ.

تِسْعَةٌ, applied to denote a number, [namely Nine,] is masc. ; and ↓ تِسْعٌ, so applied, is fem.: (S:) the latter is also written ↓ تَسْعٌ, with fet-h to the ت; and is thus pronounced in the Kur xxxviii. 22, (Bd, MF,) accord. to one reading. (Bd.) You say تِسْعَةُ رِجَالٍ [Nine men], and تِسْعٌ نِسْوَةٍ [Nine women]. (K.) When it means the things numbered, not the amount of the number, تسعة is imperf. decl., being regarded as a proper name: thus you say, تِسْعَةُ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ ثَمَانِيَةَ [Nine things are more than eight things]. (TA.) It is said in the Kur [xvii. 103], وَ لَقَدْ آتَيْنَا مُوسَى تِسْعَ آيَاتٍ بَيِّنَاتٍ [And we formerly gave unto Moses nine evident signs; generally understood to mean the principal miracles which he was empowered to perform, and which are differently enumerated in the K and other works; but by some supposed to mean statutes]. (K, * TA.) b2: In تِسْعَةَ عَشَرَ, which is masc., and تِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ, which is fem., [each signifying Nineteen,] each of the two words ends with fet-h in every case, because they are two nouns which are regarded as one noun. (TA.) The former is pronounced by some of the Arabs تِسْعَةَ عْشَرَ: and the latter, thus in the dial. of El-Hijáz [and of most of the Arabs], is pronounced تِسْعَ عَشِرَةَ in the dial. of Nejd. (S in art. عشر.) In the Kur lxxiv. 30, some read, تِسْعَةَ عْشَرَ, making the ع in عشر quiescent, instead of تِسْعَهَ عَشَرَ, from a dislike of this consecution of vowels in what is like one word. (Bd, TA. *) تِسْعُونَ, Ninety: and ninetieth.]

تُسَاعَ, as meaning Nine and nine, or nine and nine together, or nine at a time and nine at a time, seems not to have been in use.] A'Obeyd says that more than أُحَادَ and ثُنَآءَ and ثُلَاثَ and رُبَاعَ has not been heard, except عُشَارَ occurring in a verse of El-Kumeyt. (TA in art. عشر.) تَسِيعٌ: see تُسْعٌ.

تَاسِعٌ [Making to be nine with himself, or itself: and hence, ninth]. You say, هُوَ تَاسِعُ تِسْعَةٍ [He is the ninth of nine]: and تَاسِعُ ثَمَانِيَةٍ [He is making eight to be nine with himself]: but it is not allowable to say, تَاسِعٌ تِسْعَةً. (TA.) b2: [تَاسِعَ عَشَرَ and تَاسِعَةَ عَشْرَةَ, the former masc. and the latter fem., meaning Nineteenth, are subject to the same rules as ثَالِثَ عَشَرَ and its fem., explained in art. ثلث, q. v.]

تَاسُوعَآءُ, (Msb, TA, &c.,) or التَّاسُوعَآءُ, (S, K,) The tenth day of [the month] El-Moharram; (Msb, TA;) [the day] before the day of العَاشُورَآءُ, (S,) or before the day of عَاشُورَآءُ: (K:) or, accord. to some, the same as the day of العاشوراء: (TA:) [see عاشوراء, where this is explained:] it is a ـوَلَّدٌ and مُحْدَثٌ">post-classical word: (Sgh, K:) J says, in the S, I think it ـوَلَّدٌ and مُحْدَثٌ">post-classical: (Msb, TA:) but [SM says,] this requires consideration; for it was used by the Prophet: (TA:) one ought to say, that, with عاشوراء, it has this form for the sake of resemblance; but as used alone, it must be conceded that it has not been heard [from the Arabs of the classical times]. (Msb.) مُتَسَّعٌ pass. part. n. of 2, q. v. See also مُثَلَّثٌ.]

مَتْسُوعٌ A rope consisting of nine strands. (TA.)

و

أد1 وَأَدَ, aor. ـِ (inf. n. وَأْدٌ, S, L, &c.) He buried his daughter alive (S, L, Msb, K) in the grave, (S, L,) and put a load of earth upon her. (A.) It was customary for a man in the time of paganism, when a daughter was born to him, to bury her alive when her mother brought her forth, from fear of reproach and want: but this is forbidden in the Kur. xvii. 33: and some of them used to bury their children alive in times of famine: (L:) the tribe of Kindeh used to bury their daughters alive. (S, L.) b2: الوَأْدُ الخَفِىُّ a term used in a trad. as meaning Extractio penis tempore concubitus, ne conciperet femina: as also المَوْؤُودَةُ ↓ الصُّغْرَى because this act resembles that of burying a child alive, and is done with the same motive. (L.) 5 توأّدت عَلَيْهِ الأَرْضُ The earth, or the land, hid, or concealed him, and [as it were] removed him: (T, :) formed by transposition from تودّأت, [q. v. in art. ودأ]. (T.) See 8.8 اِتَّأَدَ (originally اِوْتَأَدَ, S,) and ↓ تَوَأَّدَ He acted, or behaved, with moderation, gentleness, or deliberation, moderately, gently, deliberately, or contr. of hastily: with gravity, staidness, sedateness, or calmness: (T, S, M, A, L, Msb, K:) from تُؤَدَةٌ [q. v.]: (S:) or from وَأْدٌ: or, as some say, formed by transposition, and from تَأَوَّدَت فِى قِيَامِهَا, meaning “ she (a woman) bent in her rising, by reason of her heaviness. ” (T, L.) Ex. اتّأد فِى أَمْرِهِ, and فِيهِ ↓ توأّد, He acted with moderation, gentleness, &c., in his affair: (S, * A, L, * Msb:) and فِى مَشْيِهِ in his walk, or pace, or gait. (S, L.) وأْدٌ and ↓ وَئِيدٌ A sound, or noise; (K;) absolutely: (TA:) or a loud sound or noise; (S, L, K;) as that of a wall falling, and the like. (L.) b2: The sound occasioned by vehement or heavy treading of the ground: the heavy sound of the feet of camels. (L.) b3: Also the former, (L,) or both, (K,) The braying (هَدِير) of a camel. (L, K.) وَئِيدٌ and وَئِيدَةٌ (L, K) and ↓ مَوْؤُودَةٌ, (S, L, K,) and, by abbreviation, مَوْدَةٌ, (Abu-l-'Abbás, T,) A daughter buried alive. (S, L, K.) b2: المَوْؤُودَةٌ ↓ الصُّغْرَى: see الوَأْدُ الخَفِىُّ, voce وَأَدَ. (L.) b3: See وَأْدٌ. b4: See also تُؤَدَةٌ.

وَائِدٌ A man burying, or who buries, his daughter, or daughters alive. (L.) تَوْءَدٌ: see تُؤَدَةٌ.

تُؤَدَةٌ (T, S, M, L, Msb, K) and تُؤْدَةٌ (M, L, K) and تودة, without ء, [i. e., تُوَدَةٌ or تُودَةٌ,] (TA,) and ↓ تَوْءَدٌ (M, L, K) and ↓ وَئِيدٌ; (K;) the first originally وُؤَدَةٌ; like as تُكَأَةٌ is originally وُكَأَةٌ; (T, L;) Moderation; gentleness; deliberateness; a leisurely manner of proceeding, or of deportment, &c.; contr. of hastiness: and gravity; staidness; sedateness; calmness: syn. نَأَنٍّ, (T, M, L, K,) and تَمَهُّلٌ, (T, L,) and رَزَانَةٌ, (M, L, K,) and سَكِينَةٌ. (Msb.) Ex. فَعَلَهُ فِى

تُؤَدَة He did it in a moderate manner; with gentleness; &c.] (A.) And مَشَى عَلَى تُؤَدَة (S, Msb) [He walked moderately; gently; &c.;] calmly; or quietly. (Msb.) ↓ مَشَى مَشْيًا وَئِيدَا i. q. عَلَى تُؤَدَةٍ [He walked moderately; gently; &c.]; (S;) calmly, or quietly. (Msb.) مَوْؤُودَةٌ and مَوْدَةٌ: see وَئِيدٌ and وَأَدَ.

مَوَائِدُ Calamities,: (IAar, T, K:) formed by transposition from مَآوِدُ. (IAar, T.) See art. اود.

وغد

1 وَغُدَ, aor. ـُ (S, K, &c.,) inf. n. وُغَادَةٌ, (L, Msb, K,) He was, or became, a low, or ignoble, mean, or sordid, and weak person, (S, Msb,) who served for the food of his belly: (S, L, Msb:) or light, (L,) stupid, and weak (L, K) in intellect, (L,) low, or ignoble, and mean, or sordid; (L, K;) or weak in body: (L, K:) or light in intellect: or weak as is a slave. (Msb.) b2: وَغَدَ القَوْمَ, aor. ـِ (S, L,) inf. n. وَغْدٌ, (L,) He served the people; acted as a servant to them. (S, L.) 3 واغدهُ, (L,) inf. n. مُوَاغَدَةٌ, (S, L, K,) He (a man) did like as he (another man) did: (L, K:) accord. to some, specially in pace, or in going, or marching; (L;) he went like him; or kept pace with him: (S *, L:) and he ran with him; or vied with him in running: (K:) you say وَاغَدَتِ النَّاقَةُ الأُخْرَى the she-camel went like, or kept pace with, the other: (L:) and sometimes the term مُوَاغَدَةٌ is used in relation to a single she-camel, because one of her fore legs, and her hind legs, moves with (تُوَاغِدُ) the other. (As, S, L, K.) وَغْدٌ A low, or ignoble, mean, or sordid, and weak person, (S, A, Msb:) who serves for the food of his belly: (S, A, L, Msb:) or light, (L,) stupid, weak (L, K) in intellect, (L,) low, or ignoble, and mean, or sordid: (L, K:) or weak in body: (L, K:) or light in intellect: (Msb:) or weak; as is a slave: (Umm-El-Heythem, Msb:) or who eats and carries away. (Expos. of the Lámeeyeh of Et-Tughráee.) b2: A servant of a people. (L, K.) b3: A slave. (L, K.) b4: A boy. (L, K.) b5: Pl. أَوْغَادٌ (A, L, Msb, K) and وُغْدَانٌ and وَغْدَانٌ. (L, K.) b6: A certain arrow, (S, A, L, K,) of those used in the game called المَيْسِر, (S, L,) to which no portion, or share, pertains. (S, A, L, K.) Accord. to the A, this is the original signification. (TA.) b7: The fruit of the بَاذِنْجَان. (L, K.) b8: المُوَاغَدَةُ A certain game (K) of the Arabs, in which one player does like as the other does. (TA.) b9: See also 3.

ورش

1 وَرَشَ, (S, A, K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. وُرُوشٌ (K) and وَرْشٌ, (TA,) He took, or reached, or took or reached with the hand, or with the extended hand, (S, A, K,) food, (A, K,) or somewhat thereof, (S,) or a little thereof. (Az.) b2: Also, (K,) inf. n. وَرْشٌ and وُرُوشٌ, (TA,) He ate vehemently and greedily: (Ibn-'Abbád, A, K:) but accord. to IAar, رَوْشٌ, with the rá first, signifies the “ eating much; ” and وَرْشٌ, with the wáw first, the eating little. (TA.) b3: Also, (K,) inf. n. وَرْشٌ, (TA,) He coveted; longed; yearned; eagerly desired; strove to acquire; obtain, or attain. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) You say, وَرَشَ إِليهِ He coveted it; &c. (TK.) b4: وَرَشَ عَلَيْهِمْ, (A, K,) inf. n. وَرْشٌ, (TA,) He came in to them uninvited when they were eating, (A, K, TA,) to get some of their food: and when one has gone in to others while they were drinking, you say, وَغَلَ عَليْهِمْ: but see وَارِشٌ. (TA.) A2: وَرَشَ فُلَانًا بِفُلاَنٍ He incited such a one against such a one: (Ibn-'Abbád, TA:) in the K, erroneously, وَرَشَ فُلَانٌ بِفُلَانٍ. (TA.) See also 2.2 وَرَّشَ بَيْنَ القَوْمِ, (S,) inf. n. تَوْريِشٌ, (S, K,) He excited discord, dissension, disorder, strife, quarrelling, or animosity, between, or among, the people; syn. حَرَّشَ; (S, K;) as also أَرَّشَ (S) [and هَرَّشَ]. See also 1, last signification.

وَرَشَانٌ A certain bird, (S, Mgh, K,) of the pigeon-kind, (AHát, Mgh, Msb,) or resembling the pigeon, (TA,) also called سَاقُ حُرٍّ, (S, Msb, K,) which is the male of the قَمَارِىّ [or kind of collared turtle-doves of which a single female is called قُمْرِيَّةٌ (see قُمْرِىٌّ)], (Msb,) of the birds of the desert, (TA,) the flesh of which is lighter than that of the [common] pigeon: (K:) fem. with ة: (K:) pl. وَرَاشِينُ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and وِرْشَانٌ, (S, Msb, K,) like as كِرُوَانٌ is a pl. of كَرَوَانٌ, contr. to rule. (S.) It is said in a proverb, بِعِلَّةِ الوَرَشَانِ تَأْكُلُ رُطَبَ المُشَانِ [With the pretext of the warashán, thou eatest the fresh ripe dates of the excellent kind called مشان]: (S, A, K:) said to him who pretends one thing and means another: (A, K:) originating from the fact that some people employed a slave belonging to them to guard the fresh ripe dates of their palm-trees, and he used to eat them, and, when reproved for his evil conduct, laid the blame upon the warashán; wherefore this was said to him. (Sgh.) وَارِشٌ One who comes in to a people uninvited, when they are eating; like وَاغِلٌ in the case of beverage: (S:) and, accord. to some, i. q. وَاغِلٌ but others say, that وارش has the first signification only, relating to food: and that of a sponger desiring food. (TA.) See رَاشِنٌ and طُفَيْلِىٌّ.