نفس

1 نَفُسَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. نَفَاسَةٌ (S, M, A, Msb, K) and نِفَاسٌ and نَفسٌ (K) and نُفُوسٌ; (TA;) and ↓ أَنْفَسَ, (M, A, Msb,) inf. n. إِنْفَاسٌ; (A, Msb;) It was, or became, high in estimation, of high account, or excellent; (M, Msb, TA;) [highly prized; precious, or valuable;] and therefore, (TA,) was desired with emulation, or in much request: (S, K, TA:) and the ↓ latter verb, said of property, it was, or became, loved, and highly esteemed. (TA.) A2: نَفِسَ بِهِ, (S, M, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. نَفَسٌ (M) [and app. نَفْسٌ as will be shown below] and نَفَاسَةٌ and نَفَاسِيَةٌ, which last is extr., (M, TA,) He was, or became avaricious, tenacious, or niggardly, of it, (S, M, Msb, K,) because of its being in high estimation, or excellent. (Msb.) Hence the saying in the Kur, [xlvii. 40,] فَإِنَّمَا يَبْخَلُ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ [app. meaning He is only avaricious from his avarice.] (TA.) You say, نَفِسَ عَلَيْهِ بِالشَّىْءِ, (M,) or عَنْهُ [in the place of عليه], (TA,) He was, or became, avaricious, &c., of the thing, towards him, or withholding it from him. (M, TA.) And نَفِسَ عَلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ, (S, M, K, TA,) and بِالشَّىْءِ, (M,) inf. n. نَفَاسَةٌ. (S, K, TA,) He was, or became, avaricious, &c., of the thing, towards him, and thought him not worthy of it, and was not pleased at its coming to him: (TA:) or [simply] he thought him not worthy of it: (S, M, K;) as also نافسهُ ↓ فِيهِ ; of which last verb we have an ex. in the phrase تُنَافِسُ دُنْيَا, used by a poet in speaking of the tribe of Kureysh, meaning either تُنَافِسُ فِى دُنْبَا [they think others not worthy of worldly good]. or تُنَافسُ أَهْلَ دُنْيَا [they think the possessors of worldly good unworthy thereof]. (M.) [See also 3, below.] You say also, نَفِسْتَ عَلَىَّ بِخَيْرٍ, (A, K,) or بِخَيْرٍ قَلِيل, (S,) and نَفِسْتَ عَلَىَّ خَيْرًا كَثِيرًا, (A,) inf. n. نَفْسٌ and نَفَاسَةٌ, (A,) Thou enviedst me (S, A, K) good, (A, K,) or a little good, (S,) and much good, (A.) and didst not consider me worthy of it. (A.) And فُلَانٌ مَا يَتَنَغَّسُ عَلَيْنَا الغَنِيمَةَ وَالظَّفَرَ [app. meaning Such a one does not envy us the spoil and the victory.] (A, in continuation of what here immediately precedes.) And مَا هٰذَا النَّفَسُ What is this envying? (A, TA.) A3: نُفِسَتْ; (S, M, A, Msb, K;) and نَفِسَتْ, (S, M, Msb, K,) as some of the Arabs say, (Msb.) aor. ـ, (Msb, K:) inf. n. نِفَاسٌ and نِفَاسةٌ (S, M) and نَفَسٌ, (M, TA,) or the first of these ns. is a simple subst.; (Msb;) (tropical:) She (a woman) brought forth; (S, M, K;) and نُفِسَتْ وَلَدًا [she brought forth a child]: (Th, M:) and نُفِسَتْ بِوَلَدِهَا [she brought forth her child]. (A.) You say also, وَرِث فُلَانٌ هٰذَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْفَسَ فُلَانٌ, meaning, Such a one inherited this before such a one was born. (S.) b2: Also, both these verbs, (Msb, K,) or the latter, نَفِسَتْ, only, (Az, Mgh, TA,) or the latter is the more common, (K.) the former, which is related on the authority of As, not being well known, (Msb,) (tropical:) She (a woman) menstruated. (Az, Mgh, Msb, K.) [In the CK, a confusion is made by the omission of a و before the verb which explains this last signification.] This signification and that next preceding it are from نَفْسٌ meaning “ blood. ” (Mgh.) A4: نَفَسْتُهُ بِنَفْسِ (tropical:) I smote him with an [evil or envious] eye. (S, K, TA.) 2 نفّسهُ فِيهِ, or بِهِ: see 4.

A2: نفّس كُرْبَتَهُ, (A, Mgh, Msb, K, *) and نفّس عَنْهُ كُرْبَتَهُ, (S,) inf. n. تَنْفِيسٌ (S, Msb, K) and [quasi-inf. n.] نَفَسٌ, (K,) (tropical:) He (God) removed, or cleared away, his grief, or sorrow, or anxiety: (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K *:) and نفّس عَنْهُ signifies the same; (M, Mgh;) and He made his circumstances ample and easy; (M, TA;) and he (a man) eased him, or relieved him, syn. رَفَّهَ: (S, TA:) and also, this last phrase, he granted him a delay: the objective compliment being omitted: and نَفِّسْنِى is used as meaning grant thou to me a delay: or, elliptically, نَفِّسْ كَرْبِى or غَمِّى [remove thou my grief, &c.]. (Mgh.) b2: [Hence] حَرْفُ تَنْفِيسٍ, applied to the prefix سَ [and its variants سَوْفَ &c.], meaning A particle of amplification; because changing the aor. from the strait time which is the present, to the ample time, which is the future. (Mughnee, in art. س.) A3: نفّس القَوْسَ (tropical:) He cracked the bow: (Kr. M:) [see 5:] accord. to ISh, he put (حَطَّ) its string [upon the bow]. (TA.) 3 نافس فِى الشَّىْءِ, (S, K. *) inf. n. مُنَافَسَةٌ and نِفَاسٌ, (S,) He desired the thing, [or aspired to it.] with generous emulation; (S, K;) as also ↓ تنافس: (K:) and نافس صَاحِبَهُ فِيهِ [he vied with his companion in desire for it]: (A:) or تنافسوا ↓ فيه CCC signifies they desired it [or aspired to it]: (S:) or they vied, one with another, in desiring it: or they desired it with emulation; syn. فَراغَبَوا: (A, TA:) [and يُنَنَافسُ فيه it is emulously desired, or in request; or in great request:] or مُنَافَسَهٌ and ↓ تَنَافُسٌ signify the desiring to have a thing, and to have it for himself exclusively of any other person; from نَفِيسٌ, signifying a thing “ good, or goodly, or excellent, in its kind: ” (TA:) and تَنَافَسْنَا ذٰلِكَ الأَمْرَ and تنافسنا فيه we envied one another for that thing, and strove for priority in attaining it. (M.) See also تَفِسَ عَلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ, with which نَافَسَهُ فِيهِ is syn. (M.) 4 انفس: see نَفُسَ, in two places.

A2: انفسهُ It (a thing, TA) pleased him, (K, TA,) and made him desirous of it: (TA:) or became highly esteemed by him. (IKtt.) b2: أَنْفَسَنى فِيهِ He made me desirous of it; (S, M, A, K:) as also تَفَّسَنِى فيه, (IAar, M, TA,) or بِهِ. (So in my copy of the A.) A3: مَا أَنْفَسَهُ How powerful is his evil, or envious, eye! (Lh, M.) 5 تنفّس [He breathed] is said of a man and of every animal having lungs: (S:) [or it signifies] he drew (اِسْتَمَدَّ) breath: (M:) or [he respired, i. e.] he drew breath with the air-passages in his nose; to his inside, and emitted it. (Msb.) Yousay also, تنفّس الصُّعَدَآءَ [He sighed: see also art. صعد]. (S.) b2: (tropical:) He (a man) emitted wind from beneath him. (TA.) b3: Also, (TA,) or تنفّس فِى الإِنَآءِ, (K,) (tropical:) He drank (K, TA) from the vessel (TA) with three restings between draughts, and separated the vessel from his mouth at every such resting: (K, TA.) and, contr., the latter phrase, (assumed tropical:) he drank [from the vessel] without separating it from his mouth: (K, TA:) which latter mode of drinking is disapproved. (TA.) b4: Also تنفّس (assumed tropical:) He lengthened in speech; he spoke long; for when a speaker takes breath, it is easy to him to lengthen his speech; and تنفس فِى الكَلَامِ signifies the same. (TA.) b5: (tropical:) It (said of the day, M, A, and of the dawn, A, and of other things, M) became extended; (M;) it became long; (M, A;) or, said of the day, accord. to Lh, it advanced so that it became noon: (M:) or it increased: (S:) and it extended far: and hence it is said of life, meaning either it became protracted, and extended far, or it became ample: (M:) and, said of the dawn, it shone forth, (Akh, S, K, TA,) and extended so that it became clear day: (Fr, TA:) or it broke, so that things became plain in consequence of it: (TA:) or it rose: (Mujáhid:) or its dusty hue shone at the approach of a gentle wind. (Bd, lxxxi. 18.) You say also, تنفّس بِهِ العُمُرُ (tropical:) [Life became long, or protracted, &c., with him]. (A.) And تنفّست دِجْلَةُ (assumed tropical:) The water of the Tigris increased. (TA.) b6: تنفّس المَوْجُ (tropical:) The waves sprinkled the water. (S, K.) b7: تنفّست القَوْسُ (tropical:) The bow cracked. (S, M, K.) It is only the stick that is not split in twain that does so; and this is the best of bows. And تنفّس in the same sense is said of an arrow. (M.) A2: [تنفّس عَلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ app. signifies the same as نَفِسَ عليه الشىء, q. v.]6 تَنَاْفَسَ see 3, throughout.

نَفْسٌ The soul; the spirit; the vital principle; syn. رُوحٌ: (S, M, A, Msb, K:) but between these two words is a difference [which must be fully explained hereafter, though ISd says, that it is not of the purpose of his book, the M, to explain it]: (M:) in this sense it is fem.: (Msb:) pl. [of pauc.] أَنْفُسٌ and [of mult.] نُفُوسٌ. (M, Msb.) You say, خَرَجَتْ نَفْسُهُ [His soul, or spirit, went forth]; (Aboo-Is-hák, S, M, Msb, K;) and so جَادَتْ نَفْسُهُ. (Msb.) And a poet says, not Aboo-Khirásh as in the S, but Hudheyfeh Ibn-Anas, (IB,) نَجَا سَالِمٌ والنَّفْسُ مِنْهُ بِشِدْقِهِ وَلَمْ يَنْجُ إِلَّا جَفْنَ سَيْفٍ وَمِئْزَرَا i. e., [Sálim escaped when the soul was in the side of his mouth; but he escaped not save] with the scabbard of a sword and with a waist-wrapper. (S.) In the same sense the word is used in the saying. فِى نَفْسِ فُلَانٍ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ كَذَا وَكَذَا [but this seems rather to mean, It is in the mind of such a one to do so and so]. (Aboo-Is-hák, M.) Some of the lexicologists assert the نَفْس and the رُوح to be one and the same, except that the former is fem., and the latter [generally or often] masc.: others say, that the latter is that whereby is life; and the former, that whereby is intellect, or reason; so that when one sleeps, God takes away his نفس, but not his روح, which is not taken save at death: and the نَفْس is thus called because of its connexion with the نَفَس [or breath]. (IAmb.) Or every man has نَفْسَانِ [two souls]: (I'Ab, Zj:) نَفْسُ العَقْلِ [the soul of intellect, or reason, also called النَّفْسُ النَّاطِقَةُ (see رُوحٌ)], whereby one discriminates, [i. e., the mind,] (I'Ab,) or نَفْسُ التَّمْيِيزِ [the soul of discrimination], which quits him when he sleeps, so that he does not understand thereby, God taking it away: (Zj:) and نَفْسُ الرُّوحِ [the soul of the breath], whereby one lives, (I'Ab,) or نَفْسُ الحَيَاةِ [the soul of life], and when this quits him, the breath quits with it; whereas the sleeper breathes: and this is the difference between the taking away of the نفس of the sleeper in sleep and the taking away of the نفس of the living [at death.] (Zj.) Much has been said respecting the نَفْس and the رُوح; whether they be one, or different: but the truth is, that there is a difference between them, since they are not always interchangeable: for it is said in the Kur, [xv. 29 and xxxviii. 72,] وَنَفَخْتُ فِيهِ مِنْ رُوحِى [And I have blown into him of my spirit.]; not مِنْ نَفْسِى: and [v. 116,] تَعْلَمُ مَا فِى نَفْسِى [to be explained hereafter]; not فِى رُوحِى, nor would this expression be well except from Jesus: and [lviii. 9,] وَيَقُولُونَ فِى أَنْفُسِهِمْ [And they say in their souls, or within themselves]: for which it would not be well to say فِى أَرْوَاحِهِمْ: and [xxxix. 57,] أَنْ تَقُولَ نَفْسٌ [That a soul shall say]; for which no Arab would say أَنْ تَقُولَ رُوحٌ: hence, the difference between them depends upon the considerations of relation: and this is indicated by a trad., in which it is said that God created Adam, and put into him a نَفْس and a رُوح; and that from the latter was his quality of abstaining from unlawful and indecorous things, and his understanding, and his clemency, or forbearance, and his liberality, and his fidelity; and from the former, [which is also called النَّفْسُ الأَمَّارَةُ, q. v., in art. أمر,] his appetence, and his unsteadiness, and his hastiness of disposition, and his anger: therefore one should not say that نَفْسٌ is the same as رُوحٌ absolutely, without restriction, nor رُوحٌ the same as نَفْس. (R.) The Arabs also make the discriminative نَفْس to be two; because it sometimes commands the man to do a thing or forbids him to do it; and this is on the occasion of setting about an affair that is disliked: therefore they make that which commands him to be a نفس, and that which forbids him to be as though it were another نفس: and hence the saying, mentioned by Z, فُلَانٌ يُؤَامِرُ نَفْسَيْهِ (tropical:) [Such a one consults his two souls, or minds]; said of a man when two opinions occur to him. (TA.) [بِنَفْسِى فُلَانٌ is an elliptical phrase sometimes used, for بِنَفْسِى فُلَانٌ مَفْدِىٌّ, which see in art. فدى.] b2: (assumed tropical:) A thing's self; (S, M, A, K, TA;) used as a corroborative; (S, TA;) its whole, (Aboo-Is-hák, M, TA,) and essential constituent: (Aboo-Is-hák, M, A, K, TA:) pl. as above, أَنْفُسٌ and نُفُوسٌ. (M.) You say, رَأَيْتُ فُلَانًا نَفْسَهُ (assumed tropical:) I saw such a one himself, (S,) and جَآءَنِى بِنَفْسِهِ [or, more properly, حَآءَنِى هُوَ بِنَفْسِهِ (see, under the head of بِ, a remark on that preposition when used in a case of this kind, redundantly,)] He came to me himself. (S, K.) And وَلِىَ الأَمْرَ بِنَفْسِهِ [He superintended, managed, or conducted, the affair in his own person]. (K, in art. بشر, &c.) And حَدَّثَ نَفْسَهُ [He talked to himself; soliloquized]. (Msb, in art. بلو; &c.) and قَتَلَ فُلَانٌ نَفْسَهُ (assumed tropical:) [Such a one killed himself]: and أَهْلَكَ نَفْسَهُ (assumed tropical:) made his whole self to fall into destruction. (Aboo-Is-hák, M.) And hence, (TA,) from نَفْسُ الشَّىْءِ signifying ذَاتُهُ, (M,) the saying mentioned by Sb, نَزَلْتُ بِنَفْسِ الجَبَلِ (assumed tropical:) [I alighted in the mountain itself]: and نَفْسُ الجَبَلِ مُقَابِلِى (assumed tropical:) [The mountain itself is facing me]. (M, TA.) [Hence also the phrase] فِى نَفْسِ الأَمْرِ [meaning (assumed tropical:) in reality; in the thing itself]: as in the saying, قَلَّلَهُ فِى نَفْسِهِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ قَلِيلًا فِى نَفْسِ الأَمْرِ (assumed tropical:) [He held it to be little in his mind though it was not little in reality]. (Msb, art. قل.) The words of the Kur, [v. 116,] تَعْلَمُ مَا فِى نَفْسِى وَلَا أَعْلَمُ مَا فِى نَفْسِكَ mean (assumed tropical:) Thou knowest what is in myself, or in my essence, and I know not what is in thyself, or in thine essence: (Bd, K:) or Thou knowest what I conceal (M, Bd, Jel) in my نفس [or mind], (Bd, Jel,) and I know not what is in thyself, or in thine essence, nor that whereof Thou hast the knowledge, (M.) or what Thou concealest of the things which Thou knowest; (Bd, Jel;) so that the interpretation is, Thou knowest what I know, and I know not what Thou knowest: (M:) or نفس is here syn. with عِنْد; and the meaning is, تَعْلَمُ مَا عِنْدِى وَلَا أَعْلَمُ مَا عِنْدَكَ; (K, * TA;) [i. e., Thou knowest what is in my particular place of being, and I know not what is in thy particular place of being; for] the adverbiality in this instance is that of مَكَانَة, not of مَكَان: (TA:) but the best explanation is that of IAmb, who says that نفس is here syn. with غَيْب; so that the meaning is, Thou knowest غَيْبِى [my hidden things, or what is hidden from me, and I know not thy hidden things, or what Thou hidest]; and the correctness of this is testified by the concluding words of the verse, إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ عَلَّامُ الغُيُوبِ [for Thou art he who well knoweth the hidden things]: (TA:) [and here it must be remarked that] العَيْبُ, which occurs afterwards in the K as one of the significations of النَّفْسُ, is a mistake for الغَيْبُ, the word used by IAmb in explaining the above verse. (TA.) b3: (assumed tropical:) A person; a being; an individual; syn. شَخْصٌ; (Msb;) a man, (Sb, S, M, TA,) altogether, his soul and his body; (TA;) a living being, altogether. (Mgh, Msb.) In this sense of شخص it is masc.: (Msb:) or, accord to Lh, the Arabs said, رَأَيْتُ نَفْسًا وَاحِدَةً (assumed tropical:) [I saw one person], making it fem.; and in like manner, رَأَيْتُ نَفْسَيْنِ ثِنْتَيْنِ (assumed tropical:) [I saw two persons]; but they said, رَأَيْتُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَنْفُسٍ (assumed tropical:) [I saw three persons], and so all the succeeding numbers, making it masc.: but, he says, it is allowable to make it masc. in the sing. and dual., and fem. in the pl.: and all this, he says, is related on the authority of Ks: (M:) Sb says, (M.) they said ثَلَاثَةُ أَنْفُسٍ, (S, M,) making it masc., (S,) because they mean by نفس “ a man,” (S, M,) as is shown also by their saying نَفْسٌ وَاحِدٌ: (M:) but Yoo asserts of Ru-beh, that he said ثَلَاثُ أَنْفُسٍ, making نفس fem., like as you say ثَلَاثُ أَعْيُنٍ, meaning, of men; and ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْخُصٍ, meaning, of women: and it is said in the Kur, [iv. l, &c.,] اَلَّذِى خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ نَفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ (assumed tropical:) [who created you from one man], meaning, Adam. (M.) You also say, مَا رَأَيْتُ ثَمَّ نَفْسًا (assumed tropical:) I saw not there any one. (TA.) b4: (assumed tropical:) A brother: (IKh, IB:) a copartner in religion and relationship: (Bd, xxiv. 61:) a copartner in faith and religion. (Ibn-'Arafeh.) (assumed tropical:) It is said in the Kur, [xxiv. 61,] فَإِذَا دَخَلْتُمْ بُيُوتًا فَسَلِّمُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِكُمْ and when ye enter houses, salute ye your brethren: (IB:) or your copartners in religion and relationship. (Bd.) And in verse 12 of the same chapter.

بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ means (assumed tropical:) Of their copartners in faith and religion. (Ibn-'Arafeh.) b5: (tropical:) Blood: (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K:) [or the life-blood: in this sense, fem.:] pl. [of pauc. أَنْفُسٌ and of mult.] نُفُوسٌ: (IB:) so called [because the animal soul was believed by the Arabs, as it was by many others in ancient times, (see Gen. ix. 4, and Aristotle, De Anim. i. 2, and Virgil's Æn. ix. 349.) to diffuse itself throughout the body by means of the arteries: or] because the نَفْس [in its proper sense, i. e. the soul,] goes forth with it: (TA:) or because it sustains the whole animal. (Mgh, Msb.) You say, سَالَتْ نَفْسُهُ (tropical:) [His blood flowed]. (S.) And نَفْسٌ سَائِلَةٌ (tropical:) [Flowing blood]. (S, A, Mgh.) And دَفَقَ نَفْسَهُ (tropical:) He shed his blood. (A, TA.) b6: (tropical:) The body. (S, A, K.) b7: (assumed tropical:) [Sometimes it seems to signify The stomach. So in the present day. You say, لَعِبَتْ نَفْسُهُ, meaning He was sick in the stomach. See غَثَتْ نَفْسُهُ, in art. غثى; and مَذِرَتْ مَعِدَتُهُ and نَفْسُهُ, in art. مذر.] b8: (assumed tropical:) [The pudendum: so in the present day: in the K, art. حشو, applied to a woman's vulva.] b9: [From the primary signification are derived several others, of attributes of the rational and animal souls; and such are most of the signification here following.] b10: (assumed tropical:) Knowledge. (A.) [See, above, an explanation of the words cited from ch. v. verse 116 of the Kur-án.] b11: (assumed tropical:) Pride: (A, K, TA:) and self-magnification; syn. عِزَّةٌ. (A, K.) b12: (assumed tropical:) Disdain, or scorn. (A, K.) b13: (assumed tropical:) Purpose, or intention: or strong determination: syn. هِمَّةٌ. (A, K.) b14: (assumed tropical:) Will, wish, or desire. (A, K.) b15: [Copulation: see 3, art رود.] b16: [(assumed tropical:) Stomach, or appetite.] b17: (tropical:) An [evil or envious] eye, (S, M, A, K, TA,) that smites the person or thing at which it is cast: pl. أَنْفُسٌ. (TA.) [See 1, last signification.] So in a trad., in which it is said, that the نَمْلَة and the حُمَة and the نَفْس are the only things for which a charm is allowable. (TA.) You say, أَصَابَتْ فُلَانًا نَفْسٌ (tropical:) [An evil or envious eye smote such a one]. (S.) and Mohammad said, of a piece of green fat that he threw away, كَانَ فِيهَا سَبْعَةُ أَنْفُسٍ, meaning, (tropical:) There were upon it seven [evil or envious] eyes. (TA.) b18: (assumed tropical:) Strength of make, and hardiness, of a man: and (assumed tropical:) closeness of texture, and strength, of a garment or piece of cloth. (M.) A2: Punishment. (A, K.) Ex. وَيُحَذِّرُكُم اللّٰهُ نَفْسَهُ, (K,) in the Kur, [iii. 27 and 28, meaning, And God maketh you to fear his punishment]; accord. to F; but others say that the meaning is, Himself. (TA.) A3: A quantity (S, M, K,) of قَرَظ, and of other things, with which hides are tanned, (S, K,) sufficient for one tanning: (S, M, K:) or enough for two tannings: (TA:) or a handful thereof: (M:) pl. أَنَفُسٌ. (M.) You say, هَبْ لِى نفْسًا مِنْ دِبَاغٍ [Give thou to me a quantity of material for tanning sufficient for one tanning, or for two tannings, &c.]. (S.) نَفَسٌ [Breath;] what is drawn in by the airpassages in the nose, [or by the mouth,] to the inside, and emitted, (Msb;) what comes forth from a living being in the act of تَنَفُّس. (Mgh:) or the exit of wind from the nose and the mouth: (M:) pl. أَنْفَاسٌ. (S, M, A. Mgh, Msb, K.) b2: A gentle air: pl. as above. (M, Msb.) You say also, نَفَسُ الرِّيحِ [The breath of the wind]: and نَفَسُ الرَّوْصَةِ the sweet [breath or] odour [of the meadow, or of the garden, &c.]. (TA.) b3: [Hence, app., its application in the phrase] نَفَسَ السَّاعَةِ [The blast of the last hour; meaning,] the end of time. (Kr, M.) b4: [Hence also, (assumed tropical:) Speech: and kind speech: (see an ex. voce أَمْلَحَ:) so in the present day.] b5: [and (assumed tropical:) Voice, or a sweet voice, in singing: so in the present day.] b6: A gulp. or as much as is swallowed at once in drinking: (S, L, K:) but this requires consideration; for in one نَفَس a man takes a number of gulps, more or less according to the length or shortness of his breath, so that we [sometimes] see a man drink [the contents of] a large vessel in one نَفَس, at a number of gulps: (L:) [therefore it signifies sometimes, if not always, a draught, or as much as is swallowed without taking breath:] pl. as above. (S.) You say, إِكْرَعْ فِى الإِتَآءِ نَفَسًا أَوْ نَفَسَيْنِ (tropical:) [Put thou thy mouth into the vessel and drink] a gulp, or two gulps: [or a draught, or two draughts:] and exceed not that. (S; And شَربْتُ نَفَسًا وَأَنْفَاسًا (tropical:) [I drank a gulp, and gulps: or a draught, and draughts]. (A.) And فُلَانٌ شَرِبَ الإِنَآءَ كُلَّهُ عَلَى نَفَسٍ وَاحِدٍ (tropical:) [Such a one drank the whole contents of the vessel at one gulp or at one draught]. (L.) b7: (tropical:) Every resting between two draughts: (M, TA:) [pl. as above.] Yousay, شَرِبَ بِنَفَسٍ وَاحِدٍ (tropical:) [He drank with one resting between draughts]. (A.) And شَربَ بِثَلَاثَةِ أَنْفَاسٍ (tropical:) [He drank with three restings between draughts]. (A. K.) [And hence,] شَرَابٌ ذُو نَفَسِ (tropical:) Beverage in which is ampleness, [so that one pauses while drinking it, to take breath,] and which satisfies thirst. (IAar, K.) And شَرَابٌ غَيْرُ ذِى نَفَسٍ (tropical:) Beverage of disagreeable taste, (A, K, *) changed in taste and odour, (K,) in drinking which one does not take breath (A, K) when he has tasted it; (K;) taking a first draught, as much as will keep in the remains of life, and not returning to it. (TA.) b8: [and hence it is said that] نَفَسٌ signifies (assumed tropical:) Satisfaction, or the state of being satisfied, with drink; syn. دِىَّ. (IAar, K.) b9: [Hence also.] (tropical:) Plenty, and redundance. So in the saying إِنّ فِى المَآءِ نَفَسًا لِى وَلَكَ [Verily in the water is plenty, and redundance, for me and for thee]. (Lh, M.) b10: (tropical:) A wide space: (TA:) (tropical:) a distance (A.) You say, بَيْنَ الفَر يقَيْن نَفَسٌ (tropical:) Between the two parties is a wide space. (TA.) And بَيْنِى وَبَيْنَهٌ نَفَسٌ (tropical:) Between me and him is a distance. (A.) b11: (tropical:) Ample scope for action &c.; and a state in which is ample scope for action &c., syn. سعةٌ, (S, M, A, Mgh, K,) and فُسْحَةٌ, (A, K,) in an affair. (S, M, A, K.) You say, لَك فِى هٰذَا نَفَسٌ [There is ample scope for action &c. for thee in this. (Mgh.) And أَنْتَ فِى نَفِس مِنْ أَمْرِكَ (tropical:) [Thou art in a state in which is ample scope for action &c. with respect to thine affair. (S, M.) And إِعْملْ وَأَنْتَ فِى نَفَسٍ مِنْ أَمْرِكَ (tropical:) Work thou while thou art in a state in which is ample scope for action &c. (فِى فُسْحَةٍ وَسَعَة) with respect to thine affair, before extreme old age, and diseases, and calamities. (TA.) See also نُفْسَةٌ. b12: (tropical:) Length. (M.) So in the saying زِدْنى نَفَسًا فِى أَجَلِى (tropical:) [Add thou to me length in my term of life]: (M:) or lengthen thou my term of life. (TA.) You say also, ↓ فِى عُمُرِهِ مُتَنَفَّسٌ (tropical:) [In his life is length: see 5]. (A, TA.) b13: The pl., in the accus. case, also signifies (assumed tropical:) Time after time. So in the saying of the poet, عَيْنَىَّ جُودَا عَبْرَةً أَنْفَاسَا [O my two eyes, pour forth a flow of tears time after time]. (S.) A2: نَفَسٌ is also a subst. put in the place of the proper inf. n. of نَفَّسَ; and is so used in the two following sayings, (K, TA,) of Mohammad. (TA.) لَا تَسبُوُّا الرِّيحَ فَإِنَّهَا مِنْ نَفَسِ الرَّحْمٰنِ, i. e. (tropical:) [Revile not ye the wind, for] it is a means whereby the Compassionate removes grief, or sorrow, or anxiety, (K, TA,) and raises the clouds, (TA,) and scatters the rain, and dispels dearth, or drought. (K, TA.) and أَجِدُ نَفَسَ رَبَِّكُمْ مِنْ قِبَلِ اليَمَنِ (tropical:) I perceive your Lord's removal of grief, &c., from the direction of El-Yemen: meaning, through the aid and hospitality of the people of El-Medeeneh, who were of El-Yemen; (K, TA;) i. e., of the Ansár, who were of [the tribe of] El-Azd, from ElYemen. (TA.) It is [said by some to be] a metaphor, from نَفَسُ الهَوَآءِ, which the act of breathing draws back into the inside, so that its heat becomes cooled and moderated: or from نَفَسُ الرِّيِح, which one scents, so that thereby he refreshes himself: or from نَفَسُ الرَّوْضَةِ. (TA.) You also say, مَا لِى نَفَسٌ, meaning, (tropical:) There is not for me any removal, or clearing away, of grief. (A.) A3: It is also used as an epithet, signifying (assumed tropical:) Long; (Az, K;) applied to speech, (K,) and to writing, or book, or letter. (Az, K.) نُفْسَةٌ, (S, Mgh, K,) with damm, (K,) [in a copy of the S, نَفْسَةٌ,] (assumed tropical:) Delay; syn. مَهْلَةٌ; (S, Mgh, K;) and ample space, syn. مُتَّسَعٌ. (TA.) Ex. لَكَ فِى هٰذَا الأَمْرِ نُفْسَةٌ (assumed tropical:) [Thou shalt have, in this affair, a delay, and ample space]. (S, Mgh, * TA.) See also نَفَسٌ.

نَفْسِىٌ Relating to the نَفْس, or soul, &c.: vital: and sensual; as also ↓ نَفْسَانِىٌّ.]

نُفَسَآءُ (Th, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.) and نَفَسَآءُ and نَفْسَآءُ (M, K) (tropical:) A woman in the state following childbirth: (S, M, * Mgh, * Msb, * K:) or bringing forth: and pregnant: and menstruating: (Th, M:) and نَافِسٌ signifies the same; (Msb;) and so ↓ مَنْفُوسَةٌ: (A:) [see نُفِسَتْ:] dual نُفَسَاوَانِ; the fem. ء being changed into و as in عُشَرَاوَانِ: (S:) pl. نِفَاسٌ, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) like as عِشَارٌ is pl. of عُشَرَآءُ, (S, Msb, K,) the only other instance of the kind, (S, K,) and نُفَاسٌ, (M, K,) which is also the only instance of the kind except عُشَارٌ, (K,) and نُفَّاسٌ, and نُفَّسٌ and نُفَسٌ (M) and نُفُسٌ (M, K) and نُفْسٌ (K) and نُفَسَاوَاتٌ (S, M, K) and [accord. to analogy, of نَافِسٌ,] نَوَافِسُ. (K.) نَفْسَانٌ, or نَفْسَانِىٌّ: see نَفُوسٌ.

نَفْسَانِىٌّ: see نَفْسِىٌّ: b2: and نَفُوسٌ.

نِفَاسٌ (tropical:) Childbirth (S, K) from نَفْسٌ signifying “ blood. ” (Msb, TA.) See نُفِسَتْ. b2: [And The state of impurity consequent upon childbirth. See 5, in art. عل.] b3: Also, (tropical:) The blood that comes forth immediately after the child: an inf. n. used as a subst. (Mgh.) b4: A poet says, (namely, Ows Ibn-Hajar, O, in art. طرق,) لَنَا صَرْخَةٌ ثُمَّ إِسْكَاتَةٌ كَمَا طَرَّقَتْ بِنِفَاسٍ بِكِرْ [We utter a cry; then keep a short silence; like as when one that has never yet brought forth experiences resistance and difficulty in giving birth to a child, or young one]; meaning, بِوَلَدٍ. (S.) نَفُوسٌ An envious man: (M, TA:) (tropical:) one who looks with an evil eye, with injurious intent, at the property of others: (M, A, * TA:) as also ↓ نَفْسَانٌ, (TA,) or ↓ نَفْسَانِىٌّ. (A.) نَفِيسٌ A thing high in estimation; of high account; excellent; (Lh, M, Msb, TA;) [highly prized; precious; valuable; and therefore (TA) desired with emulation, or in much request; (S, K, TA;) good, goodly, or excellent, in its kind; (TA;) and ↓ نَافِسٌ signifies the same, (M,) and so does ↓ مُنْفِسٌ, (Lh, M, A, Msb, K,) and ↓ مَنْفُوسٌ: (K:) it signifies thus when applied to property, as well as other things; as also ↓ مَنْفِسٌ: (Lh, M:) and, when so applied, of which one is avaricious, or tenacious: (M:) or ↓ مُنْفِسٌ, so applied, abundant; much; (K;) as also ↓ مُنْفَسٌ: (Fr, K:) and ↓ نَافِسٌ, a thing of high account or estimation, and an object of desire: (TA:) this last is also applied, in like manner, to a man; as also نَفِيسٌ: and the pl. [of either] is نِفَاسٌ (M, TA) Youalso say, ↓ أَمْرٌ مَنْفُوسٌ فِيهِ, meaning, A thing that is desired. (M.) And فِيهِ ↓ شَىْءٌ مُتَنَافَسٌ A thing emulously desired, or in much request. (A.) b2: Also, [as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates,] Much property; (S, A, K;) and so ↓ مُنْفِسٌ. (S.) You say, لِفُلَانٍ مُنْفِسٌ and نَفِيسٌ Such a one has much property. (S.) And مَا يَسُرُّنِى بِهٰذَا الأَمْرِ مَنْفِسٌ and نَفِيسٌ [Much property does not rejoice me with this affair]. (S.) نَافِسٌ: see نَفِيسٌ, in three places.

A2: See also نُفَسَآءُ.

A3: (tropical:) Smiting with an evil, or envious, eye. (S, M, K.) A4: The fifth of the arrows used in the game called المَيْسِر; (S, M, K;) which has five notches; and for which one wins five portions if it be successful, and loses five portions if it be unsuccessful: (Lh, M:) or, as some say, the fourth. (S.) هٰذَا أَنْفَسُ مَالِى This is the most loved and highly esteemed of my property. (S, TA.) A2: بَلَّغَكَ اللّٰهُ أَنْفَسَ الأَعْمَارِ (tropical:) [May God cause thee to attain to the most protracted, or most ample, of lives: see 5]. (A, TA.) And دَارُكَ أَنْفَسُ مِنْ دَارِى (tropical:) Thy house is more ample, or spacious, than my house: (M:) and the like is said of two places: (M:) and of two lands. (A.) And هٰذَا التَّوْبُ أَنْفَسُ مِنْ هٰذَا (tropical:) This garment, or piece of cloth, is wider and longer and more excellent than this. (M.) And ثَوْبٌ أَنْفَسُ الثَّوْبَيْنِ (tropical:) A garment, or piece of cloth, the longer and wider of the two garments, or pieces of cloth. (A.) مُنْفَسٌ: see نَفِيسٌ; for the latter, throughout.

مُنْفِسٌ: see نَفِيسٌ; for the latter, throughout.

مَنْفُوسٌ: see نَفِيسٌ, in two places.

A2: (tropical:) Brought forth; born. (S, M, A, Msb, K.) It is said in a trad., مَا مِنْ نَفْسٍ مَنْفُوسَةٍ إِلَّا وَقَذْ كُتِبَ مَكَانُهَا مِنَ الجَنَّةِ أَوِ النَّارِ (tropical:) [There is not any soul born but its place in Paradise or Hell has been written]. (S.) b2: مَنْفُوسَةٌ applied to a woman: see نُفَسَآءُ.

A3: (tropical:) Smitten with an evil, or envious, eye. (M.) مُتَنَفَّسٌ A place of passage of the breath.] b2: فى عُمُرِهِ مُتَنَفَّسٌ: see نَفَسٌ. b3: See also سَحَرٌ.

مُتَنَفِّسٌ [Breathing;] having breath: (TA:) or having a soul: (so in a copy of the M:) an epithet applied to everything having lungs. (S, TA.) b2: غَائِطٌ مُتَنَفِّسٌ (tropical:) A depressed expanse of land extending far. (A, TA.) b3: أَنْفٌ مُتَنَفِّسٌ (tropical:) A nose of which the bone is wide and depressed; or depressed and expanded; or a nose spreading upon the face: syn. أَفْطَسُ. (A, TA.) شَىْءٌ مُتَنَافَسٌ فِيهِ: see نَفِيسٌ.

نكس

1 نَكَسَهُ, (S, A, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. نَكْسٌ, (S, Msb,) He turned it over, or upside down; inverted it; reversed it; changed its manner of being, or state: (Sh, Msb: *) he turned it over upon its head: (S, A, K:) and he turned it fore part behind; made the first part of it to be last; or put the first part of it last: (Sh:) and ↓ نكّسهُ, (S, A, K) inf. n. تَنْكِيسٌ, (S,) signifies the same; (S, * A, K;) or has an intensive sense. (TA.) You say, نُكِسَ السَّهْمُ فِى الكِنَانَةِ The arrow was turned, or put, upside down in the quiver. (TA.) And it is said in the Kur, [xxxvi. 68,] وَمَنْ نُعَمِّرْهُ نَنْكُسْهُ فِى الخَلْقِ, or, accord. to the reading of 'Ásim and Hamzeh, ↓ نُنَكِّسْهُ; meaning, And him whom We cause to live long, We cause him to become in a state the reverse of that in which he was, in constitution; so that after strength, he becomes reduced to weakness; and after youthfulness, to extreme old age. (TA.) b2: نَكَسْتُ فُلَانًا فِى ذٰلِكَ الأَمْرِ (assumed tropical:) I made such a one to enter again into that affair, or state, after he had got out of it. (ISh.) [Hence the saying in the Kur, xxi. 66,] ثُمَّ نُكِسُوا عَلَى رُؤُوسِهِمْ (assumed tropical:) Then they were made to return to their disbelief: (Jel:) or (tropical:) then they reverted to disputation, after they had taken the right course by means of consulting together; their return to falsity being likened to a thing's becoming upside down: and there are two other readings; ↓ نُكِّسُوا, and نَكَسُوا; the latter meaning نَكَسُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ: (Bd;) or (assumed tropical:) then they reverted from what they knew, of the evidence in favour of Abraham. (Fr.) b3: [And hence,] نَكَسَهُ, and نَكَسَهُ إِلَى مَرَضِهِ, (tropical:) It made him to fall back into his disease.] (TA, in art. هيض.) And نُكِسَ, (S, Msb, K,) or نُكِسَ فِى مَرَضِهِ, (A, TA,) inf. n. نُكْسٌ (S, Msb, K) and نَكْسٌ (TA, [but see what is said of this below]) and نُكَاسٌ, (Sh, K,) (tropical:) He relapsed into his disease, after convalescence, or after recovery, but not complete, of health and strength: (S, A, K:) or the disease returned to him; [he relapsed into the disease;] as though he were made to turn back to it. (Msb.) Yousay, أَكَلَ كَذَا فَنُكِسَ (tropical:) [He ate such a thing, and relapsed into his disease]. (A, TA.) and تَعْسًا لَهُ وَنُكْسًا, and sometimes one says, نَكْسًا, (S, K,) in this case, (S,) for the sake of mutual resemblance, (S, K,) or because نَكْسًا is a dial form [of نُكْسًا], (S,) [meaning, (assumed tropical:) May he fall upon his face, or the like, (see art. تعس,) and relapse into disease: or] may he fall upon his face, and not rise after his fall until he fall a second time: and in like manner you say, ↓ تَعَسَ وَانْتَكَسَ. (Msb, art. تعس.) [See also 8.] You say also, نُكِسَ الجُرْحُ (assumed tropical:) [The wound broke open again; or became recrudescent]. (S, in arts. عرب and حبط, &c.) b4: And نَكَسَ الطَّعَامُ وَغَيْرُهُ دَآءَ المَرِيضِ (tropical:) The food, &c., made the disease of the sick man to return. (K.) And نَكَسَ الخِضَابَ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ (tropical:) He put the dye upon his head repeatedly, or several times. (A, TA. *) b5: Also نَكَسَ [or more probably نُكِسَ] (assumed tropical:) He (a man) became weak and impotent. (Sh, in TA.) And نُكِسَ عَنْ نُظَرَائِهِ, like عُنِىَ, (assumed tropical:) He fell short of his fellows; was unable to attain to them. (TA.) b6: نَكَسَ رَأْسَهُ, and ↓ نكّسهُ, (TA,) [and نَكَسَ alone, (see نَاكِسٌ,)] and ↓ نكّس, (L, TA, art. بقر,) and ↓ انتكس, (TA,) [and in like manner ↓ تنكّس, said of a flower-stalk in the M and K, voce قِشْبٌ,] He bent, or inclined, his head; (TA;) he lowered, or stooped, his head; bent, or hung, it down towards the ground; absolutely; or by reason of abasement. (So accord. to explanations of the act. part. n., below.) 2 نَكَّسَ see 1, throughout.5 تَنَكَّسَ see 1, last sentence.8 انتكس quasi-pass. of نَكَسَهُ; (S, A, TA;) [and therefore signifying It became turned over, or upside down; became turned over upon its head; became inverted; became reversed; became changed in its manner of being, or state; it became turned fore part behind; its first part was made to be last, or was put last:] he fell upon his head. (K.) This last signification [understood figuratively] it is said to have in the phrase تَعَسَ وَانْتَكَسَ, a form of imprecation, meaning, (assumed tropical:) May he be disappointed, or fail, of attaining his desire: for he who is overthrown in his affair (مَن انْتَكَسَ فِى

أَمْرِهِ) is disappointed of attaining his desire, and suffers loss. (TA.) [See also 1, where this form of imprecation is differently explained.] b2: Also, i. q. نَكَّسَ رَأَسَهُ. (TA.) [See 1, last signification.]

نِكْسٌ An arrow having its notch broken, and its top therefore made its bottom: (S, A, K:) pl. [of pauc.] أَنْكَاسٌ (A, TA) and [of mult.]

نُكُسٌ. (A.) b2: A head, or blade, of an arrow &c., having its tongue (سِنْخ) broken, and its point therefore made its tongue: (K:) pl. أَنْكَاسٌ. (TA.) b3: A bow of which the foot is made [of] the head of the branch; as also ↓ مَنْكُوسَةٌ. This peculiarity is a fault. (K.) b4: A child such as is termed يَتْنٌ [born preposterously, feet foremost; but يَتْنٌ is an inf. n., and I have not found it used as an epithet anywhere but in this instance]; (K;) i. q. مَنْكُوسٌ; and mentioned by IDrd; but he says that it is not of established authority. (TA.) b5: (tropical:) Low, or ignoble; base; vile; mean, or sordid: See a verse cited voce أَشَّعَلَ: (A:) (tropical:) one who falls short of the utmost point of generosity; (K;) or of courage and generosity: (TA:) (assumed tropical:) weak; (S, K;) applied to a man: (S:) (assumed tropical:) short: (AHn:) pl. أَنْكَاسٌ. (A, K.) b6: See also مُنَكِّسٌ: b7: and نُكُسٌ.

نُكَسٌ, [app. pl. of نِكْسٌ,] (assumed tropical:) Old men tottering by reason of age (مُدْرَهِمُّونَ) after attaining to extreme old age. (K.) نَاكِسٌ Lowering his head; bending, or hanging, down his head towards the ground; [absolutely;] (S, K;) [or] by reason of abasement: (TA:) pl. [properly نَاكِسُونَ; (see Kur, xxxii.

12;) and sometimes] نَوَاكِسُ, (S, K,) used [only] in poetry, (S, TA,) by reason of necessity, (TA,) and anomalous, (S, K,) like فَوَارِسُ. (S.) ElFarezdak says, وَإِذَا الرِّجَالُ رَأَوْا يَزِيدَ رَأَيْتَهُم خُضُعَ الرِّقَابِ نَوَاكِسَ الأَبْصَارِ [And when the men see Yezeed, thou seest them depressed in the necks, lowering the eyes]: (S:) thus the verse is related by Fr and Ks: Akh says, that it is allowable to say نَوَاكِسِ الأَبْصَارِ, after the manner of the phrase حُجْرُ ضَبٍّ خَرِبٍ; [see art. خرب;] and Ahmad Ibn-Yahyà adds

ى in relating it; saying نَوَاكِسِى الأَبْصَارِ. (TA.) [See the remarks on فَوَارِسُ, pl. of فَارِسٌ.]

مُنَكِّسٌ A horse that does not raise, or elevate, his head, (S, IF, K,) nor his neck, when running, by reason of weakness: (IF, K:) or that has not reached the other horses (Lth, K) in their heat, or single run to a goal; (Lth;) i. e., by reason of his weakness and impotence; as also ↓ نِكْسٌ. (TA.) وَلَدٌ مَنْكُوسٌ A child [preposterously brought forth; whose feet come forth before his head. (A, Msb, and so in a copy of the S.) See also نِكْسٌ. b2: وِلَادٌ مَنْكُوسٌ [Preposterous childbirth] is when the feet come forth before the head; (K, and so in a copy of the S, [and that this is what was meant by the author of the S seems to be indicated by what immediately follows]) i. q. يَتْنُ. (S.) b3: طَوَافٌ مَنْكُوسٌ A circuiting of the Kaabeh performed in a way contrary to the prescribed custom, by saluting the black stone and then going towards the left. (Mgh.) b4: قَرَأَ القُرَآنَ مَنْكُوسًا He read or recited, the Kur-án, beginning from the last part thereof, (K,) i. e. from [the commencement of the latter of] the مُعَوِّذَتَانِ [or last two chapters], (TA,) and ending with the فَاتِحَة [or first chapter]; contrary to the prescribed mode: (TA:) or beginning from the end of the chapter, and reading it, or reciting it, to its beginning, invertedly; (K;) a mode which A 'Obeyd thinks impossible; and therefore he holds the former explanation to be the right: (TA:) each of these practices is disapproved, excepting the former in teaching children, [in which case it is generally adopted in the present day,] (K,) and [in teaching] the foreigner the [portion of the Kur-án called the] مُفَصَّل; an indulgence being granted to these two only because the long chapters are difficult to them: but if any one knows the Kur-án by heart, and intentionally recite it from the last part thereof to the first, this is forbidden: and if we disapprove this, still more is the reciting from the end of the chapter to the beginning disapproved, if the doing this be possible. (TA.) b5: مَنْكُوسٌ also signifies (tropical:) Suffering a relapse into disease, after convalescence; or after recovery, but not complete, of health and strength. (K.) b6: مَنْكُوسَةٌ applied to a bow: see نِكْسٌ.

نقش

1 نَقَشَ, (S, M, Msb,) aor. ـُ (M, Msb,) inf. n. نَقْشٌ. (S, M, A, Msb, K,) He variegated a thing; or decorated or embellished it; syn. نَمْنَمَ; as also ↓ انتقش: (M:) [he charactered in any manner a coin &c.:] and he engraved, agreeably with modern usage: he coloured a thing with two colours, (K,) or with colours; (A, K;) and ↓ نقّش, (S,) inf. n. تَنْقِيشُ, (S, K,) signifies the same. (S, K.) b2: نَقَشَ فى خَاتَمِهِ كَذَا, and عَلَى فَصِّ خَاتَمِهِ, (A,) inf. n. as above, (K,) [He engraved upon his signet-ring such a thing, and upon the stone of his signet-ring: and نَقَشَ also signifies he marked with a cutting or a pointed instrument: he sculptured a thing in any manner.] b3: نَقَشَ الرَّحَا (tropical:) He pecked the mill-stone with a مِنْقَار; syn. نَقَرَهَا. (A, TA.) b4: نَقَشَ, inf. n. as above, also signifies He, or it, scratched, lacerated, or wounded in the outer skin. (TA.) They said, كَأَنَّ وَجْهَهُ نُقِشَ بِقَتَادَةٍ [As though his face were scratched, or lacerated, by a tragacanth-bush]; syn. خُدِشَ: relating to hatefulness, and austerity or moroseness of countenance, (M, TA,) and anger. (M.) b5: نَقْشُ العِذْقِ signifies The striking the raceme of dates with thorns, in order that the dates may ripen: (S, K:) or and their consequently ripening. (AA.) and one says, نُقِشَ العِذْقُ, meaning, The raceme of dates had specks apparent in it, in consequence of ripening. (S.) b6: And [hence, perhaps,] نَقْشٌ is used as (tropical:) syn. with جِمَاعٌ (S, A, Sgh, K,) accord. to AA, (S,) or IAar; (Sgh;) نَقَشَ signifying (tropical:) Inivit puellam. (T, K.) [This signification is mentioned in the A among those which are proper; but in the TA it is said, to be tropical.]

A2: Also نَقَشَ, (S, M, A, Msb,) aor. as above, (M, TA,) and so the inf. n., (S, M, Msb, K,) He extracted, or drew, or pulled, out, or forth, a thorn (S, M, A, Msb, K) from his foot, (S, M,) with the مِنْقَش or مِنْقَاش; (Msb, K; *) as also ↓ انتقش: (S, M, A, K:) thought by A 'Obeyd to be from المُنَاقَشَةُ; but others say the reverse: (TA:) and in like manner, bones from a wound in the head: (S, K:) and he plucked out (S, A,) hair, (A,) with the مِنْقَاش; (S, A;) as also ↓ انتقش. (A.) A certain poet says, (namely, Yezeed Ibn-Maksam [?] EthThakafee, O in art. شوك,) لَا تَنْقُشَنَّ بِرِجْلِ غَيْرِكَ شَوْكَةً

فَتَقِى بِرِجْلِكَ رِجْلَ مَنْ قَدْ شَاكَهَا [Do not thou by any means extract from the foot of another a thorn, and so preserve, by (risking) thy foot, the foot of him who has pierced himself therewith]: the [former] ب is put in the place of عَنْ: he says, do not thou extract from the foot of another a thorn and put it in thy foot ?? (TA:) or مَنْ شَاكَهَا meanswho has entered among the thorns. (S and O, in art. شوك.) And it is said in a trad. of Aboo-Hureyreh, عَثَرَ فَلَا انْتَعَشَ وَشِيكَ فَلَا انْتَقَشَ [May he stumble, and not rise again; and may he be pierced with a thorn, and not extract the thorn]: (M, TA: *) the words meaning an imprecation. (TA.) See also 8, below. b2: [Hence,] نَقَشَ, aor. as above, (TA,) and so the inf. n., (K,) He cleared the nightly resting-place of sheep or goats from thorns and the like, (K,) or from what might hurt them, of stones and thorns and the like. (TA.) b3: Hence also, نَقَشَ عَنِ الشَّىْءِ, (TK,) inf. n. as above, (IDrd, K,) He explored the thing to the utmost. (IDrd, K, TK.) b4: [Hence also,] مَا نَقَشَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا (assumed tropical:) He did not obtain from him anything: but the word commonly known is نَتَشَ. (M, TA.) See also 8.2 نَقَّشَ see 1, first sentence.3 ناقشهُ, (Msb,) or ناقشهُ الحِسَابَ, (S, * M, A,) and فِى الحِسَابِ, (A,) inf. n. مُنَاقَشَةٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and نِقَاشٌ, (M, TA,) He did the utmost with him, or went to the utmost length with him, in reckoning, (S, M, Msb, K,) so as to omit nothing therein: (A 'Obeyd:) A 'Obeyd thinks that نَقْشٌ signifying the “ extracting ” a thorn from the foot is from this; but others say the reverse; that the primary signification of مُنَاقَشَةٌ is the extracting a thorn from the body with difficulty; and that it then became [conventionally regarded as] a proper term in the sense of doing the utmost, or going to the utmost length, in reckoning; as observed by MF. (TA.) It is said in a trad., مَنْ نُوقِشَ الحِسَابَ عُدِّبَ, (S,) or هَلَكَ, (M,) He with whom the utmost is done in reckoning (S, M,) is punished, (S,) or perishes. (M.) See also 4. b2: [Hence,] ناقش الكَلَامَ (assumed tropical:) He picked out the faults of the language; syn. نَقَدَهُ. (TA, art. نقد.) 4 انقش على غَرِيمِهِ He went to the utmost length against his debtor. (IAar, K.) See also 3.5 تَنَقَّشَ see 8, last signification.8 انتقش: see 1, first signification. b2: Also, (K,) or انتقش عَلَى فَصِّهِ, (Lth, A,) He ordered (Lth, A, K) the نَقَّاش [or engraver], (Lth, K,) to engrave upon the stone of his signet-ring. (Lth, A, K.) A2: He extracted, or drew, or pulled, out, or forth, a thing; (K;) such as a thorn and the like: (TA:) syn. with نَقَشَ, as shewn above; see 1, in three places. (S, M, A, K.) b2: [Hence,] He (a camel) struck the ground (S, K) with his fore leg, (S,) or with his foot, (K,) on account of something entering into it; (S, K;) [i. e., to beat out a thorn or the like.] b3: [Hence also,] (tropical:) He chose, or selected, a thing. (M, A, K.) You say, of a man who has chosen (A, L) a man, (A,) or a thing, (L,) for himself, جَادَ مَا انْتَقَشَهُ لِنَفْسِهِ (tropical:) Good, or excellent, be that which he has chosen for himself: (A, L:) or, accord. to the O, when a man has chosen for himself a servant (خَادِمًا [which suggests that this may be a mistranscription for جَادَ مَا]) إِنْتَقَشْتَ هٰذَا لِنَفْسِكَ [thou hast chosen this for thyself]. (TA.) [Hence also.]

انتقش مِنْهُ حَقَّهُ (tropical:) [He took from him his right, or due]. (A.) And انتقش جَمِيعَ حَقِّهِ, and ↓ تنقّشهُ, (tropical:) He took from him the whole of his right, or due, not leaving thereof anything. (M, TA.) See also 1, last signification.

نَقْشٌ [an inf. n. (see 1) used as a simple subst.: or in the sense of a pass. part. n. in which the quality of a subst. is predominant: Variegation; or variegated work: decoration, embellishment, a picture; or decorated, or embellished, or pictured, work: broidery: tracery: (significations well known: see نَقَّاشٌ:)] engraved work upon a signet: [and any sculptured work:] pl. نُقُوشٌ. (A.) Also The impress of a signet. (Mgh, in art. ختم.) And A mark, or trace, upon the ground; as, for instance, of ashes. (AHeyth.) A2: See also مَنْقُوشٌ.

نُقْشٌ: see مَنْقُوشٌ.

نِقَاشَةٌ The art, or occupation, of the نَقَّاش, (M, K, TA,) who does variegated, or decorated or embellished, work; (M;) of him who does what is termed نَقْش: (TA:) [and of him who engraves upon signet-rings: and of him who does any sculptured work.]

نَقَّاشٌ One who does variegated, or decorated or embellished, work; (M;) who does what is termed نَقْش: (TA:) and one who engraves upon the stones of signet-rings: (Lth, K:) [and one who does any sculptured work.]

مِنْقَشٌ: see مِنْقاشٌ.

مُنَقَّشٌ: see مَنْقُوشٌ, first sentence.

شَجَّةٌ مُنَقِّشَةٌ: see مَنْقُوشٌ, last signification.

مِنْقَاشٌ An instrument with which variegated, or decorated or embellished, work is done: pl. مَنَاقِيشُ: (M:) [and an instrument with which engraving, or any sculptured work, is done: so in the present day.] b2: Also, [A kind of tweezers;] an instrument with which one extracts, or draws or pulls out or forth, thorns; as also ↓ مِنْقَشٌ; (Msb, K;) [of which latter the pl. is مَنَاقِشُ, occurring below:] and with which one plucks out (S, A) hair. (A.) [Hence the saying,] اِسْتَخْرَجْتُ حَقِّى مِنْهُ بِالمَنَاقِشِ (tropical:) I wearied myself in extorting my right, or due, from him. (A.) مَنْقُوشٌ A garment, or piece of cloth, (A,) or other thing, (TA,) [variegated; or decorated, or embellished: charactered in any manner, as a coin &c.: (see 1:)] coloured (A, TA) with two colours, (TA,) or with colours; (A, TA;) as also ↓ مُنَقَّشٌ. (A, TA.) b2: [A signet-ring engraved: and anything sculptured. (See 1.)] b3: عِذْقٌ مَنْقُوشٌ A raceme of dates struck with thorns, and consequently ripened: (AA:) [or having specks apparent in it, in consequence of ripening: (see نُقِشَ العِذْقُ:)] and بُسْرٌ مَنْقُوشٌ full-grown unripe dates pricked with thorns in order that they may ripen: (M, TA:) and رُطَبٌ مَنْقُوشٌ fresh ripe dates soaked with water; syn. رَبِيطٌ: (Sgh, TA:) called by the vulgar معذب [app. مُعَذَّبٌ]; (TA;) as also نَقْشٌ. (K [accord. to some copies; and in the TA: accord. to other copies of the K, نُقْشٌ; but expressly said in the TA to be with fet-h.]) A2: شَجَّةٌ مَنْقُوشَةٌ A wound in the head from which bones are extracted: (S, K:) and شَجَّةٌ

↓ مُنَقِّشَةٌ a wound in the head from which bones are removed; (AA, El-Ghanawee, Aboo-Turáb;) i. q. مُنَقِّلَةٌ. (K.) لَطَمَهُ لَطْمَ المُنْتَقِشِ, (S,) or لَطْمَةَ المُنْتَقِشِ, (K,) [He gave him a violent slap, like the slap of the camel striking the ground with his fore-leg, or with his foot, on account of something entering into it:] from إِنْتَقَشَ, said of a camel, as explained above. (S, K.)

نزل

1 نَزَلَ بِالمَكَانِ (Kull) and نَزَلَ المَكَانَ (Msb in art. حل, &c.) He alighted, descended and stopped or sojourned or abode or lodged or settled, in the place; syn. حَلَّ فِيهِ. (Kull.) See حَلَّ. b2: نَزَلَ لَبَنُ الشَّاةِ [The milk of the ewe descended into her udder; i. e. she secreted milk]. (S, K, voce أَضْرَعَتْ.) b3: نَزَلَ مَنْزِلَ كَذَا It took, or occupied, the place, or became in the position or condition, of such a thing: see a verse cited voce أَنْ, near the end of the paragraph; and another voce حَبِيبٌ; and see مَنْزِلَةٌ. b4: نَزَلْتُ, الوَدِىَ, for فِى الوَادِى: see دَخَلْتُ البَيَتَ in art. دخل.3 نَازَلَهُ He alighted with him, each to oppose the other, in war, or battle; inf. n. مُنَازَلَةٌ and نِزَالٌ. (Msb.) b2: نَازَلَهُ He alighted with him.4 أَنْزَلَتْ Her (a camel's) milk descended [into her udder]: opposed to أَقْلَصَتْ. (TA, art. قلص.) b2: أَنْزَلَتِ اللَّبَنَ [i. e. اللِّبَأَ She (a camel) excerned the first milk, or biestings, into her udder; i. q. أَبْسَقَتْ. (TA in art. بزق.) b3: She excerned milk [either into, or from, the udder]. b4: أَنْزَلَتِ الناقةُ اللَّبَنَ مِنَ الضَّرْعِ [or فِى الضرع] The she-camel excerned the milk from [or into] the udder. (TA, art. ذرأ.) b5: أَنْزَلَهُ He lodged him; made him his guest; or gave him refuge or asylum; syn. آوَاهُ; (S and K in art. اوى;) and أَضَافَهُ and ضَيَّفَهُ: (Mgh in art. ضيف:) [and he lodged and entertained him;] namely, a guest. (Msb.) I. q.

أَثْوَاهُ مَنْزِلَا. CCC (Fr in T in art. بوأ.) b6: أَنْزَلَهُ عَنْ كَذَا He made him to resign, or relinquish, such a thing. b7: أَنْزَلْتُ بِكَ حَاجَتِى [app. I imposed my want upon thee]. (S in art. عر.) And أَنْزَلَ حَاجَتَهُ على كريم. (TA.) 6 تَنَازَلَ He descended gradually, by little and little. b2: تنازل إِلَى أَحَدٍ He humbled himself, condescended, to one. b3: تنازل عَنِ المُلْكِ He abdicated the kingdom. b4: تنازل عَن شَىْءٍ

He desisted from a thing. b5: تَنَازَلُوا They alighted and ate by turns with different people; i. q. تَنَاوَبُوا, q. v.10 اِسْتَنْزَلَهُ He made him, or caused him, or it, to descend. (Msb.) b2: اِسْتَنْزَلَهُ عَنْ رَأَيِهِ [He sought to make him resign, or relinquish, his opinion]. (Bd, xii. 11.) نُزْلٌ Food or rations at a halt: see سُكْنٌ, in two places.

نُزُلٌ Food prepared for the guest. (Msb.) See مَفَثَّةٌ.) أَرْضٌ نَزِلَةٌ : see حَشَادٌ.

نَزِيلٌ A guest. (S, Mgh, Msb, * K.) See also Har, 353.

نَازِلٌ [Alighting, &c.,] has for pl. نُزُولٌ and نُزَّالٌ. (TA.) نَازِلَةٌ A defluxion: pl. نَوازِلُ. See سِلٌّ. b2: نَازِلَةٌ A severe calamity or affliction, (S, Msb, K,) that befalls men. (S, Msb.) مَنْزِلٌ A place of alighting or descending and stopping or sojourning or abiding or lodging or settling: (Mgh:) a place of settlement: an abode; a dwelling; a place where travellers alight in the desert; syn. مَنْهَلٌ: a [house, or mansion, such as is called] دَارٌ: (S, K:) or, accord. to the فُقَهَآء, less than a دار, and more than a بَيْت [or chamber], consisting of at least two chambers (بَيْتَانِ) or three. (Mgh.) See also بَيْتٌ.

مَنْزِلَةٌ A space which one traverses in journeying. (TA, art. سير.) b2: مَنْزِلَةٌ, used unrestrictedly, Station, standing, footing, or grade; honourable station or rank; a place of preferment. b3: A predicament in which one stands. b4: كَلِمَةٌ بِمَنْزِلَةِ كَلِمَةٍ أُخْرَى A word equivalent, or similar, to another word. b5: [You say] يُسْتَعْمَلُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ كَذَا It (a word) is used in the manner of such [another word]; generally with respect to government, not necessarily with respect to meaning. (The lexicons passim.) b6: النَّازِلُ مِنَ الدِّينِ والدُّنْيَا مَنْزِلَةَ النُّورِ مِنَ العَيْنِ Who is, in respect to religion and the world, as light to the eye.

مَرْعًى مُنْزِلٌ : see مُسْكِنٌ.

نعم

1 نَعِمَ عَيْشُهُ His life was, or became, plentiful and easy: (Msb:) was, or became, good, or pleasant. (Mgh.) See عَوْفٌ. b2: نَعِمَ, aor. نَعُمَ

, is like فَضِلَ, aor. نَعُمَ

, and حَضِرَ, aor نَعُمَ

. See the latter. b3: اِنْعِمْ ضَبَاحًا, and عِمْ صَباحًا: see تَرِبَ and صَبَاحٌ. b4: نَعُمَ, inf. n. نُعُومَةٌ; (S, Msb;) and نَعِمَ; (S;) It was, or became, soft, or tender, (S, Msb,) to the feet. (Msb.) 2 نَعَّمَهُ , (S, Msb, K,) and ↓ نَاعَمَهُ, (S, K,) He (God, S, Msb,) made him to enjoy, or lead, a plentiful, and a pleasant or an easy, and a soft, or delicate, state, or life; a state, or life, of ease and plenty. (S, Msb, K.) b2: نَعَّمَهُ He nourished well him, or it; pampered him.3 نَاْعَمَ see 2.4 أَنْعَمَ عَلَيْهِ بِشَىْءِ He conferred, or bestowed, upon him a thing as a favour. See أَحْسَنَ. b2: أَنْعَمَ عَجْنَهُ He kneaded it well, thoroughly, or soundly. (TA, voce رَيْعٌ.) b3: أَنْعَمَ الدَّقَّ He bruised or powdered finely: see دَقَّقَ. b4: أَنْعَمَ طَبْخَهُ He cooked it well; syn. أَجَادَ طَبْخَهُ. (IbrD.) The verb is often used in this sense. b5: أَنْعَمَ اللّٰهُ بِكَ عَيْنًا: see أَبْغَضَ.5 تَنَعَّمَ he enjoyed, or led, an easy, a pleasant, a soft, or a delicate, life, with ampleness of the means of subsistence; a life of ease and plenty. (K.) b2: تَنَعَّمَ It (a tree) became flourishing and fresh, (TK, art. روى, &c.,) luxuriant, succulent, sappy, soft, tender, and supple. See رَوِىَ. b3: تَنَعَّمَ i. q. تَمَتَّعَ. (Msb. *) نُعْمٌ contr. of بُؤْسٌ, (S,) [like ↓ نَعْمَآءُ and ↓ نُعْمَى and ↓ نَعْمَةٌ and ↓ نَعِيمٌ:] pl. أَنْعُمٌ. (S.) See نِعْمَةٌ.

نَعَمْ Even so; yes; yea. (Msb, &c.) See أَجَلْ and بَجَلْ.

نَعَمٌ Pasturing مَال [or cattle]; mostly applied to camels, and neat, and sheep and goats: or applied to all these, and to camels when alone, but neat and sheep or goats when alone are not thus termed; (Msb;) therefore, cattle, consisting of camels or neat or sheep or goats, or all these, or camels alone.

نِعْمَ الرَّجُلُ زَيْدٌ Excellent, or most excellent, or excellent above all, is the man, Zeyd; or [very or] superlatively good, &c. (Msb.) b2: See بئْسَ.

نَعْمَةٌ subst. of تَنَعُّمٌ (Msb, K) in the sense of تَرَفُّةٌ subst. of تَمَتُّعْ (Msb:) or i. q. b2: تَنَعُّمٌ: (S: in F's smaller copy, تَنَعِيمٌ, an evident mistake:) i. e. plentifulness, and pleasantness or easiness, and softness or delicacy, of life: ease and plenty. b3: نَعْمَةٌ A living in [or rather enjoyment of a life of] softness, daintiness, or delicacy, and ease, comfort, or affluence: (KL:) i. q. ↓ نَعِيمٌ; (Msb;) and مُتْعَةٌ: (Jel in xliv. 26:) it is from التَّنَعُّمُ; and ↓ نِعْمَةٌ is from الإِنْعَامُ. (Ksh, cited in Kull, p. 364.) See نِعْمَةٌ: and see تُرْفَةٌ. b4: نَعْمَةُ الشَّباَبِ [The flourishing freshness, softness, tenderness, or blooming loveliness or graces, of youth. See عَبْعَبٌ.] b5: نَعْمَةٌ Softness; tenderness; bloom; or flourishing freshness (IbrD;) of a branch; and of youth, or youthfulness. (M, art. ملد; &c.) نِعْمَةٌ and ↓ نُعْمَى and ↓ نَعْمَآءُ A benefit; benefaction; favour; boon; or good: (S, Msb:) a blessing; [bounty; gratuity;] or what God bestows upon one: and so ↓ نَعِيمٌ: (S:) [grace of God:] and ↓ نَعِيمٌ and ↓ نَعْمَةٌ, with fet-h, [and ↓ نُعْمَى and ↓ نَعْمَآءُ and ↓ نُعْمٌ, ease and plenty,] enjoyment; (Msb;) [welfare; well being; weal:] ↓ نُعْمَى and ↓ نَعْمَآءُ are the contr. of بُؤْسَى and بَأْسَآءُ: (TA, art. بأس:) بَعْدَ ضَرَّآءَ ↓ نَعْمَآءُ, in the Kur [xi. 13,] is like health after sickness; and richness, or competence, after want. (Bd.) b2: نِعْمَةٌ A blessing; (S;) a cause of happiness. (K.) A favour: a benefit; and the like. (S.) b3: نِعْمَةٌ Wealth, or property. (K.) The first explanations given to it above are assigned in the K, not to this word, but to ↓ نَعِيمٌ and ↓ نُعْمَى. b4: نِعْمَةٌ with the article seems generally to signify Wealth: and without the article, A benefit, benefaction, favour, boon, or blessing.

نُعْمَةٌ The act of rejoicing by a thing: and the state of rejoicing in a thing. (KL.) نُعْمَى contr. of بُؤْسَى; (S, TA in art. بأس;) and نَعْمَآءُ contr. of بَأَسَآءُ. (TA in that art.) b2: See نِعْمَةٌ.

نَعْمَآءُ : see نِعْمَةٌ.

نَعِيمٌ Enjoyment; [delight; pleasure;] as also ↓ نَعْمَةٌ, q. v.: (Msb:) plenty and ease. (K.) See نِعْمَةٌ.

نَعَامَةٌ The blackness of night. (S in art. سقط.) see an ex. voce سقْطٌ. b2: نَعَامَةٌ The ostrich: it sometimes denotes the female. See مَخْزُومٌ and جَراَدٌ. b3: شاَلَتْ نَعَامَتُهُمْ: see طَائِرٌ, زَأْلٌ, شَالَ, and a verse voce إِمَّا. b4: اِبْنُ النَّعَامَةِ The shank-bone: and a certain vein in the leg: and the middle, or beaten track, of the road: and the brisk, lively, or sprightly, horse: and the drawer of water (السَّانِى) who is at the head of the well. (T in art. بنى.) b5: نَعَامَةٌ and نَعَامَتَانِ of a well see زُرْنُوقٌ. b6: النَّعَائِمُ Nine stars [of Sagittarius], behind الشَّوْلَةُ, four in the Milky Way, [b, g, d, and ε,] called النعائمُ الوَارِدَةُ, as though drinking; and four without the Milky Way β, γ, δ, ε,, [c, s, t, and f,] called النعائمُ الصَّادِرَةُ, as though returning from drinking; and the ninth, λ,] [not mentioned by some,] high between them: each of the two fours forming the corners of a quadrilateral figure. The twentieth Mansion of the Moon. (El-Kazweenee.) عَيْشٌ نَاعِمٌ [A plentiful and easy life. See نَعِمَ عَيْشُهُ.] A pleasant life. (Mgh.) [A soft, or delicate, life.] b2: نَاعِمٌ Soft, or tender: applied to a plant or tree: (Mgh:) [smooth; sleek. And i. q. مُتَنِّعَمٌ.]

مُنَعَّلٌ , applied to a horse, white on the forelegs: see أَقْفَزُ.

أَنَاعِيمُ , pl. pl. of نَعَمٌ: see a verse cited voce دَانَى.

قر

أ1 قَرَأَ الشَّىْءَ, [aor. ـَ inf. n. قُرْآنٌ, He collected together the thing; put it, or drew it, together; (S, O, K, TA;) part to part, or portion to portion. (S, O, TA.) [This seems to be generally regarded as the primary signification.] b2: Hence the saying of the Arabs, مَا قَرَأَتْ هٰذِهِ النَّاقَةُ سَلًى قَطُّ and مَا قَرَأَتْ جِنِينًا, meaning This she-camel has not contracted her womb upon a young one: (S, O, TA:) but most say that the meaning is, her womb has not comprised, or enclosed, a fœtus:or the former saying means she has not borne a fœtus: accord. to AHeyth, this same saying and مَا قَرَأَتْ مَلْقُوحًا are both said to mean, by some, she has not borne in her womb a young one (??): and by some, she has not let fall a young one, ever; i. e. she has not been pregnant: and accord. to ISh, one says, ↓ ضَرَبَ الفَحْلُ النَّاقَةَ عَلَى غَيْرِ قَرْءٍ [which seems to mean The stallion covered the she-camel without her bringing forth, or becoming pregnant; for he adds that قرء الناقة means ضعتها; app. ضَعَتُهَا or ضِعَتُهَا; but I have not found ضَعَةٌ nor ضِعَةٌ among the inf. ns. of وَضَعَتْ meaning “ she brought forth; ” and I rather think that the right reading is ضَغَنُهَا or ضِغْنُهَا, and that the meaning therefore is, without her inclining, or being desirous: see 10, third sentence; and see قَرْءُ الفَرَسِ]: and there is another saying; that لَمْ تَقْرَأْ جَنِينًا means She has not, or did not, cast forth a fœtus, or a young one. (TA.) One says also, of the she-camel, (K, TA,) and of the ewe, or she-goat, (TA,) قَرَأَتْ, alone, meaning She became pregnant: (K, TA:) and likewise, of the pregnant [in general], or of the she-camel, accord. to different copies of the K, (TA,) meaning she brought forth: (K, TA:) ISh says that قَرَأَتْ is used in relation to a she-camel; and ↓ أَقْرَأَتْ, in relation to a woman: [each, app., in the former sense and in the latter:] and that one says ↓ نَاقَةٌ قَارِئٌ; pl. نُوقٌ قَوَارِئُ. (TA.) b3: See also 4.

A2: قَرَأَ الكِتَابِ, (S, O, Msb, * K, *) and بِهِ, (Msb, * K,) the verb being trans. by itself and by means of ب, or this particle is redundant, (Msb,) and sometimes the ء is suppressed, so that one says [قَرَى and] قَرَيْتُ

&c., (TA,) aor. ـَ and قَرُاَ, (K,) the latter aor. on the authority of Ez-Zejjájee, as is said in the L, but generally ignored, (TA,) inf. n. قِرَآءَةٌ and قُرْآنٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and قَرْءٌ, (Msb, K,) this last mentioned by Az; (Msb;) and ↓ اقترأهُ; (K;) He read [the book, or Scripture], or recited [it]: (K, TA:) or قَرَأْتُ القُرْآنَ means [properly, or etymologically, accord. to some,] I uttered [the words of] the Kur-án in a state of combination [or uninterruptedly]; (O, TA;) as Ktr is related to have said: (O:) [or قَرَأَ as used in a case of this kind app. signifies properly he read, or recited, the Scripture chanting; like as أَنْشَدَ properly signifies “ he recited ” poetry “ chanting with a high voice: ” (for Scripture and poetry are usually chanted:) then, he read, or recited, anything in any manner, without, or from, or in, a book.] It is said in a trad., مَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَقْرَأَ القُرْآنَ غَضًّا كَمَا أُنْزِلَ فَلْيَقْرَأْهُ قِرَآءَةَ أُمِّ عَبْدٍ [He who desires to read, or recite, the Kur-án freshly, like as it was revealed, let him read, or recite, it in the manner of Ibn-Umm-'Abd]; meaning فَلْيُرَنِّلْ كَتَرْتِيلِهِ [properly, let him read, or recite, in a leisurely manner, with distinct utterance, and with moderation; but conventionally, let him chant, in a peculiar, distinct, and leisurely, manner; like as he did]: or يُحَزِّنْ كَتَحْزِينِهِ [let him read, or recite, with a slender and plaintive voice, like as he did]: or يَحْدُرْهُ كَحَدْرِهِ [let him read it, or recite it, quickly, like as he did]. (O.) And in a trad. of I'Ab, it is said, كَانَ لَا يَقْرَأُ فِى الظُّهْرِ وَالعَصْرِ, meaning He used not to recite [the Kur-án] aloud in the [prayers of the] noon and the [period of the afternoon called the] عْصر: or he used not to make himself to hear his reciting: as though he heard persons reciting and making themselves and those near them to hear. (TA.) The saying, in the Kur [lxxv. 17 and 18], إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا جَمْعَهُ وَقُرْآنَهُ فَإِذَا قَرَأْنَاهُ فَاتَّبِع قُرْآنَهُ means, Verily on us is the collecting thereof [i. e. of the Kur-án] and the reciting thereof; and when we recite it, then follow thou the reciting thereof:or, accord. to I'Ab, and when we explain it to thee, then do thou according to that which we have explained to thee: (S, O, TA:) or the meaning [signified and implied] is, verily on us is the collecting thereof in thy mind, and the fixing the recitation thereof on thy tongue; and when we recite it to thee by the tongue of Gabriel, then follow thou the reciting thereof, and often recur therein so that it may become firmly rooted in thy understanding: (Bd:) [therefore قُرْآنَهُ in the former instance means the teaching thee to recite it; and thus we may explain the assertion that]

قَرَأَ and ↓ أَقْرَأَ are syn. in like manner as are عَلَا قِرْنَهُ and استعلاهُ. (Sb, TA.) See 4. قَرَأَ عَلَيْهِ means He read, or recited, to him the Kur-án, &c., [as a teacher, or an informant; (as is shown by phrases in the Kur xxvi. 199 and lxxxiv. 21;) like تَلَا عَلَيْهِ: and also, as a conventional and post-classical phrase,] as a pupil, or learner, to his sheykh, or preceptor. (L.) قَرَأَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامَ and السَّلَامَ ↓ أَقْرَأَهُ are syn., (S, O, Msb, K, TA,) signifying He conveyed, or delivered, to him the salutation: or the latter phrase is not used unless the salutation is written: (K, TA:) or belongs to a particular dial.; and is used when the salutation is written, meaning he made him to read the salutation: (AHát, TA:) the aor. of the verb in the former phrase is قَرَاَ, and the inf. n. is قِرَآءَةٌ: As says that the making that verb trans. by itself is a mistake; therefore one should not say اِقْرَأْهُ السَّلَامَ [meaning Convey thou, or deliver thou, to him, salutation]. (Msb.) b2: See also 5.

A3: and see 4, first quarter.2 قرّأت جَارِيَةً She kept at her abode a girl, or young woman, until she should menstruate, in order to find if she were free from pregnancy. (Aboo-'Amr Ibn-El-'Alà, S, O.) And قِرّئَتْ She was kept in confinement [for the purpose above mentioned, or] in order that the termination of her menstruations might be waited for, or awaited, (K,) or until the termination of her عِدَّة [q. v.]. (TA.) 3 قارأهُ, (O, K.) inf. n. مُقَارَأَةٌ and قِرَآءٌ, (K,) He read, or studied, with him, each of them teaching the other. (O, K.) b2: It is said of the [ch. of the Kur-án entitled] سُورَةُ الأَحْزَاب, as Ibn-Háshim related that trad., إِنْ كَانَتْ لَتُقَارِئُ سُورَةَ البَقَرَةِ هِىَ أَطْوَلُ i. e. [Verily (إِنْ being here a contraction of إِنَّ as in the Kur xvii. 75 and 78 &c.)] it was equal as to the time required to read it, or to recite it, to [that which is entitled] the سورة of the بقرة [or it was longer]: but most related it as commencing with the words ان كانت لَتُوَازِى. (TA.) 4 اقرأت, said of a woman: see 1, former half. Said of a she-camel, (K, TA,) and of a ewe, or she-goat, (TA,) She retained the seed of the male in her womb: (K, TA:) and when this is the case, one says that she is فى قِرْوَتِهَا, which is anomalous, for ↓ فى قِرْأَتِهَا; (TA in the present art.;) meaning in the first period of her pregnancy, before its becoming apparent, or manifest. (TA in art. قرو.) [And accord. to Freytag, (app. in the phrase أَقْرَأَتْ سَمًّا,) the verb is expl. in the Kitáb el-Addád as said of a serpent, meaning It retained poison for the space of a month.] b2: Also, said of a woman, She menstruated: and she became pure from the menstrual discharge: (S, O, * Msb, K, TA:) and so ↓ قَرَأَتْ, in both of these senses, (Msb, TA,) aor. ـَ inf. n. قَرْءٌ; (Msb;) or in the former sense; (Akh, S, K;) and [accordingly] one says, قَرَأَتْ حَيْضَةً أَوْ حَيْضَتَيْنِ [so in copies of the S, agreeably with what immediately precedes, but in one of my copies of the S and in the O and TA, أَقْرَأَت, meaning, she menstruated once or twice]; (S, O, * TA; *) and قَرَأَتْ signifies she saw the blood [of the menses app. for the first time]: (TA:) and أَقْرَأَتْ signifies she became one who had the menstrual discharge. (Akh, S, O, TA.) [Accord. to Zj, as I gather from the TA, the second of the significations in the sentence immediately preceding is from the collection of the blood in the womb: in the opinion of IAth, it and the first signification are from relation to time: but I rather incline to think that the converse of this is the case, and that hence are deduced several other meanings here following.] b3: اقرأت الرِّيَاحُ (S, K) The winds blew, (K,) or began [to blow], (S,) in their time, or season. (S, K.) b4: اقرأ (said of a man, O, TA) He reverted, or turned back, (O, K, TA,) from his journey. (O, TA.) And He returned (K, TA) from his journey. (TA.) b5: And He, or it, approached, or drew near. (K.) You say, أَقْرَأْتُ مِنْ أَهْلِى I approached, or drew near to, my family. (O.) And أَقْرَأَتْ حَاجَتُكَ They object of want approached, or drew near; or has approached, &c. (S, O.) b6: And It set, (K, TA,) said of a star: or the time of its setting came, or drew near. (TA.) أَقْرَأَتِ النُّجُومُ signifies The stars set: (O:) b7: and also (O) The stars delayed [to bring] their rain. (S, O.) b8: And اقرأ is also syn. with أَخَّرَ, (K, TA,) in the phrase اقرأ حَاجَتَهُ [He postponed, or delayed, the object of his want:] (TA:) and, (K, TA,) as some say, (TA,) syn. with اِسْتَأْخَرَ [He, or it, was, or became, behind, backward, late, &c.:] (K, TA:) [but it should be observed that أَخَّرَ is often intrans., and syn. with اِسْتَأْخَرَ; therefore one signification may possibly in this instance be meant by both: such, however, is not the case accord. to SM, as has been shown above, and as is further shown by his saying,] perhaps the saying of the author of the K, that it is syn. with أَخَّرَ, may have been taken from the phrase أَعَتَّمْتَ قِرَاكَ أَمْ أَقْرَأْتَهُ i. e. Hast thou withheld thy entertainment for the guest, or guests, or hast thou postponed it? but his explanation is obviously loose and defective. (TA.) b9: أَقْرَأْتُ فِى الشِّعْرِ is from الأَقْرَآءُ [pl. of القَرْءُ or القُرْءُ: hence it seems to mean I rhymed, or versified: compare أَرْجَزَ from الرَّجَزُ, and أَرْمَلَ from الرَّمَلُ, &c.]. (O. [See also 8.]) A2: أَقْرَأهُ, (L, K, TA,) inf. n. إِقْرَآءٌ, (TA,) He (a sheykh, or preceptor, L, TA) made him, or taught him, to read, or recite; (L, K, TA;) [and so ↓ قَرَأَهُ, inf. n. قُرْآنٌ, as shown before:] see 1, last quarter. One says, أَقْرَأَهُ القُرْآنَ (S, O, L, TA) and الحَدِيثَ (L, TA) He made him, or taught him, to read, or recite, the Kur-án and the tradition. (L, TA.) Hence

أَقْرَأَهُ السَّلَامَ: (AHát, TA:) see 1, near the end. b2: See also what next follows.5 تقرّأ He devoted himself to religious exercises [and particularly to the reading, or reciting, of the Kur-án]; (S, K;) as also ↓ قَرَأَ; (O, TA;) and ↓ اقرأ: (K, TA:) and i. q. تَفَقَّهَ [i. e. he learned knowledge, or science; or particularly الفِقْه, meaning the science of the law. (K.) 8 إِقْتَرَاَ see 1, former half. [After the mention of اقترأهُ as syn. with قَرَأَهُ, it is added in the TA, يقال اقترأت فى الشعر, in which اقترأت is evidently a mistranscription; and not attributable to the copyist, but to the author, of the TA, for the whole sentence is misplaced.]10 استقرأ الأَشْيَآءَ, (Msb,) or استقرى الاشياءَ, (TA in art. قرو,) [both probably correct, as dial. vars.,] He investigated the أَقْرَآء [or modes, or manners of being, (pl. of ↓ قَرْءٌ or قُرْءٌ, and of قَرْوٌ,)] of the things, for acquiring a knowledge of their conditions and properties. (Msb in this art., and TA in art. قرو.) [And one says also, استقرأ الكتَابَ, meaning He investigated the book to find some particular thing.] b2: And استقرأ الجَمَلُ النَّاقَةَ The he-camel left the she-camel (تَارَكَهَا [in the CK and in my MS. copy of the K باركها]) in order that he might see whether she had conceived or not: (S, K:) [or whether she were in her state of desire: for SM adds, after stating that this is from AO,] as long as the وديق [i. e. وَدِيق, an epithet which seems to be properly applied to a female solid-hoofed animal, but here app. applied to a she-camel,] is in her وديق [a mistranscription for وِدَاق or a noun cognate there with], one says of her, ↓ هِىَ فِى قُرْئِهَا and أَقْرَائِهَا. (TA. [See also 1, first quarter; and see قَرْءُ الفَرَسِ.]) b3: And استقرأهُ signifies He desired, or demanded, of him that he should read, or recite. (MA, TA.) قَرْءٌ (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K, &c.) and ↓ قُرْءٌ, (Mgh, Msb, K,) or the latter is a simple subst. and the former is an inf. n., (Msb,) A menstruation: and a state of purity from the menstrual discharge: (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K, &c.:) thus having two contr. meanings: (S, O, K:) said by IAth to have the latter meaning accord. to Esh-Sháfi'ee and the people of El-Hijáz, and the former meaning accord. to Aboo-Haneefeh and the people of El-' Irák: (TA:) and a time; (AA, S, Mgh, O, K;) and so ↓ قَارِئٌ; (S, Mgh, O;) as in the sayings, هَبَّتِ الرِّيحُ لِقَرْئِهَا and ↓ لِقَارِئِهَا The wind blew at its time; (KT, Mgh;) and this is the primary signification (IAth, Mgh, O) accord. to AA [and some others]; (Mgh;) whence [accord. to them] the first and second of the meanings mentioned above: (KT, S, IAth, Mgh, O:) and قَرْءٌ signifies also the termination of a menstruation: and some say, the period between two menstruations: (S:) accord. to Zj, it means the collecting of the blood in the womb; which is only in the case of becoming pure from menstruation: (TA:) the pl. is أَقْرَآءٌ and قُرُوْءٌ and أَقْرُؤٌ, (S, O, Msb, K,) the last of which [as also properly the first] is a pl. of pauc.; (S, O, Msb;) or when قَرْءٌ or ↓ قُرْءٌ has the first of the meanings assigned to it above the pl. is أَقْرَآءٌ, and when it has the second thereof the pl. is قُرُوْءٌ: (K:) respecting the phrase ثَلٰثَةَ قُرُوْءٍ in the Kur [ii. 228], As says, it should by rule be ثَلٰثَةَ أَقْرُؤٍ: (Msb, TA:) the grammarians say that it is for ثَلٰثَةً مِنَ القُرُوْءِ; thus in the L: (TA:) or they say that it is for ثَلٰثَةَ أَقْرُؤٍ مِنَ القُرُوْءِ: but some of them say that it is allowable to use a pl. of mult. in relation to three and more as far as ten [inclusively] without [the necessity of] rendering the phrase otherwise in grammatical analysis. (Msb.) b2: [Hence,] A rhyme: (Z, K, TA:) أَقْرَآءٌ (Z, O, TA) and قُرُوْءٌ (O) signifying the rhymes of verses; (Z, O, TA;) which terminate like as do the اقرآء of the states of purity from menstruation; (Z, TA;) [i. e., they are thus called] because they terminate, and limit, the verses: (O:) and أَقْرَآءُ الشِّعْرِ signifies also the several modes, or manners. or species, (IAth, O, K, TA,) and metres, (IAth, TA,) and scopes, (K, * TA,) of verse, or poetry: (IAth, O, K, TA:) the sing. is قَرْءٌ (O, TA) and ↓ قُرْءٌ, and some say ↓ قِرْءٌ also, and ↓ قَرِىْ and قَرِىٌّ, and some say that it is قَرْوٌ [q. v.] with و: and the pl. of قَرِىٌّ is [also] أَقْرِيَةٌ [a pl. of pauc.]. (TA.) One says, هٰذَا الشِّعْرُ عَلَى قَرْءِ هٰذَا الشِّعْرِ i. e. This poetry is according to the mode, or manner, &c., of this poetry. (O.) See also 10, first sentence. b3: Also A periodical festival; syn. عِيدٌ. (TA.) b4: And A fever [app. an intermittent, or a periodically-recurrent, fever]. (TA.) b5: And i. q. غَائِبٌ [app. meaning A thing becoming absent, or unapparent, or setting, like a star: see 4]. (TA.) b6: And قُرْءُ الفَرَسِ means The days of the mare's desiring the stallion: or, of her being covered: one says هِىَ فِى قَرْئِهَا and فِى أَقْرَائِهَا [She is in her days of desiring &c.]. (TA.) See also 1, first quarter; and see 10, third sentence.

قُرْءٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places.

قِرْءٌ: see قَرْءٌ, last quarter: b2: and see also the paragraph here following.

قِرْأَةٌ The وَبَآء [by which is here meant the common, or general, disease] (As, S, O, K) of a country; (S, O;) of which it is said that when a person has come to that country and remained in it fifteen nights [or days, accord. to one of my copies of the S,] the قرأة thereof quits him; or, as the people of El-Hijáz say, its قِرَة; meaning that if he be affected with a malady after that, it will not be from the وبآء [or قرأة] of the country: (As, S, O;) and it is also termed ↓ قِرْءٌ. (TA. [But I think it not improbable that this last word may have originated in a mistranscription of قِرَةٌ.]) A2: See also 4, second sentence.

القُرْآنُ is said by some of the erudite to be originally an inf. n. of قَرَأْتُ الشَّىْءَ meaning “ I collected together the thing,” or of قَرَأْتُ الكِتَابَ meaning “ I read, or recited, the book, or Scripture; ” and then conventionally applied to signify The Book of God that was revealed to Mo-hammad: (Kull:) it is [also expl. as signifying] the revelation, (K, TA,) meaning that which is termed العَزِيز [the mighty, or inimitable, &c.], which is read, or recited, and written in books, or volumes: (TA:) used as a subst., and unrestrictedly, it is applied in the language of the law to the substance itself [whereof the Kur-án consists], and lexically to the alphabetical letters [in which it is written] for these are what are read; as when one says, كَتَبْتُ القُرْآنَ [I wrote the Kur-án], and مَسِسْتُهُ [I touched it]: (Msb:) [and without the article ال, it is applied to any portion of the Kur-án:] accord. to AO, (S,) and Zj, (TA,) it is thus called because it collects and comprises the سُوَر [or chapters]: (S, O, TA:) and IAth says that the original meaning of the word is the collection; and that the قُرْآن is so called because it has collected the histories [of the prophets &c.], and commands and prohibitions, and promises and threats, [and the like is said in the O,] and the آيَات [i. e. verses, or signs], and the سُوَر [or chapters]: but Ismá'eel Ibn-Kustan- teen, to whom, as a disciple to his preceptor, EshSháfi'ee read, or recited, the Kur-án, is related on the latter's authority to have said that القُرَانُ is a subst., and with hemz, and not taken from قَرَأْتُ, but is a name for the Book of God, like التَّوْرَاةُ [the Book of the Law revealed to Moses] and الإِنْجِيلُ [the Gospel]: and it is related that Aboo-'Amr Ibn-El-'Alà used to pronounce القران without hemz [like many others, but it is, and always has been, pronounced by most with hemz]. (TA.) b2: It is also applied to The divinely appointed act of prayer (الصَّلَاةُ) because it comprises recitation [of words of the Kur-án]. (IAth, TA.) قَرِىْءٌ: see قَرْءٌ, last quarter.

قَرَّاءٌ A good reader or reciter [of the Kur-án]: pl. قَرَّاؤُونَ: it has no broken pl. (K, TA.) قُرَّآءٌ, (S, O, K,) an epithet applied to a man and to a woman, (Fr, TA,) and ↓ قَارِئٌ and ↓ مُتَقَرِّئٌ, (K,) A devotee; or one who devotes himself [and in the case of the first of these epithets herself] to religious exercises [and particularly to the reading, or reciting, of the Kur-án]: (S, O, K:) pl. قُرَّاؤُونَ (S, K) and قَرَارِىْءُ, (K, TA,) [in the CK قَرارِئُ and] in a MS copy of the K قَوَارِئُ, which might be a pl. of قَارِئٌ; and in the L قَرَائِئُ. (TA.) And قُرَّآءُ is sometimes a pl. of قَارِئٌ. (S.) قَارِئٌ as an epithet applied to a she-camel; pl. قَوَارِئُ: see 1, former half.

A2: Also Reading, or reciting, the Kur-án [&c.]; or a reader, or reciter, thereof: (K, TA:) and sometimes the ء is suppressed, so that one says قَارٍ: (TA:) pl. قَرَأَةٌ and قُرَّآءٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and قَارِئُونَ. (Msb, K.) b2: And syn. with قُرَّآءٌ, q. v. (K.) A3: See also قَرْءٌ, first quarter, in two places.

A4: هٰذَا وَقْتُ قَارِئِ الرِّيحِ means This is the time of the blowing of the wind. (TA.) A5: It is also said to signify The top, or upper part, of a قَصْر [or pavilion, &c.]. (O.) أَقْرَؤُكُمْ, occurring in a trad., may mean He, of you, who reads, or recites, [the Kur-án] most: or it may mean, who is most sound in his knowledge of the Kur-án, and who retains it most in his memory. (Ibn-Ketheer, TA.) مُقْرِئٌ [thus withot ة] Menstruating: (S, Msb:) and also being pure from the menstrual discharge. (Msb.) A2: And One who makes, or teaches, another or others to read, or recite, (S, TA,) the Kur-án [&c.). (S.) مُقَرَّأَةٌ One whose termination of her menstruations is waited for, or awaited (K.) [See the verb.]

صَحِيفَةٌ مَقْرُوْءَةٌ, (K, TA,) the only form of the latter word allowed by Ks and Fr, (TA,) and مَقْرُوَّةٌ and مَقْرِيَّةٌ, (K, TA,) which are extr., except in the dial. of those who say قَرَيْتُ [ for قَرَأْتُ], (TA,) [A writing read.]

مُتَقَرِئٌ: see قُرَّآءٌ.

قمر

1 قَمِرَ, aor. ـَ (S, A, K,) inf. n. قَمَرٌ, (S,) He, (a man, S, A, K, and an antelope, and a bird, TA,) and it, (a man's sight, A,) became dazzled (S, A, K) in the moonlight, (A,) or by snow, (S, A, K,) so that he could not see: (S, A:) he (an antelope) became deprived of his sight by the light of the moon, so that he was perplexed, and unable to see his right course. (IKtt.) b2: قَمِرَ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) He (a man, TA,) was, or became, sleepless in the moonlight. (K.) A2: See also 3, throughout.3 قامرهُ, inf. n. قِمَارٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and مُقَامَرَةٌ, (S, K,) (tropical:) He contended with him for stakes, or wagers, laid by both of them to be taken by the winner; syn. رَاهَنَهُ; (K;) [he contended with him in a game of hazard, such as that called المَيْسِر, or the like: (see Bd and Jel, ii. 216:)] in common modern conventional language, he played with him at a game in which it is generally made a condition that the winner shall receive something of the loser: (so accord. to an explanation which I find in several copies of the KT:) from تَقَمِرَهُ signifying “ he deceived him; ” because قِمَار is [often] deception. (A.) You say قَامَرَهُ

↓ فَقَمَرَهُ, aor. of the latter قَمُرَ (JK, S, A, Msb, K) and قَمِرَ, (JK,) inf. n. قَمْرٌ, (S, Msb,) (tropical:) He contended with him for stakes, or wagers, &c., (S, * K,) and overcame him therein; (S, A, Msb, K;) and ↓ قَامَرَهُ فَتَقَمَّرَهُ signifies the same: (K:) or ↓ تقمّر signifies he overcame him who contended with him in the contest termed قِمَار: and ↓ قَمَرَهُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. قَمْرٌ, he played with him in the manner termed قِمَار and overcame him: (S:) or ↓ قَمَرَهُ, inf. n. قَمْرٌ, he overcame him in play; and so ↓ أَقْمَرَهُ: (IKtt:) or ↓ قَمَرَ, aor. ـِ (K,) inf. n. قَمْرٌ, (TA,) i. q. قامر, (K, * TK,) and is transitive: (TA:) you say قَمَرَ بِالقِدَاحِ, and بِالنَّرْدِ, [he contended for stakes, or wagers, &c., with the gaming-arrows, and with the apparatus for trictrac or backgammon]: (A:) and ↓ قَمَرَهُ [as syn. with قَامَرَهُ]: (TA:) and المَالَ ↓ قَمَرْتُهُ, aor. ـِ [so in a copy of the A, doubly trans., app. meaning I contended with him in a game of hazard for the property: or I so contended with him for the property and overcame him.]4 اقمر الهِلَالُ The new moon became what is termed قَمَر, in the third night. (A.) b2: اقمرت لَيْلَتُنَا Our night became bright [with light of the moon]. (S, TA.) b3: أَقْمَرْنَا [We entered upon the time of moonlight;] the moon rose upon us. (S, TA.) b4: اقمر He (a man, TA) watched, or waited, for the rising of the moon. (K.) A2: See also 3.5 تقمّرهُ He came to him in the moonlight. (S.) b2: تقمّر الظِّبَآءَ, (A, TA,) and الطَّيْرَ, (TA,) He hunted, or pursued, the antelopes, (A, TA,) and the birds, (TA,) in the moonlight, so that their sight was dazzled. (A, TA.) b3: تقمّر الأَسَدُ The lion went forth in the moonlight in quest of prey. (S, K. *) A2: تقمّرهُ He deceived, beguiled, or circumvented, him; desired to do him some evil action without his knowing whence it proceeded. (A.) A3: See also 3, in two places.6 تقامروا They played [together] in the manner termed قِمَار: (S:) they contended together for stakes, or wagers, &c.; (K;) [they contended together in a game of hazard, such as that called المَيْسِر, or the like: see 3.]

القَمَرُ The moon in its third night [and after]: (ISd, A, K:) or the moon during the interval between the first two and last two nights: (AHeyth:) or after three nights until the end of the month: (S:) [and the moon, absolutely, in many instances:] so called because of its whiteness, (S, Msb, TA,) from القُمْرَةُ: (TA:) of the masc. gender: pl. أَقْمَارٌ. (TA.) The dim., قُمَيْرٌ, is found to occur: (S:) and is applied to The moon at the time called مُحَاق [which is generally said to be applied to the last three nights of the month]: you say غَابَ قَمَيْرٌ [The moon at the time called مُحَاق set, or disappeared]. (A, TA.) b2: اِسْتَرْعَيْتُ مَالِىَ القَمَرَ (tropical:) I left my cattle to pasture without a pastor to take care of them in the night: and [in like manner,] استرعيته الشَّمْس, in the day. (TA.) b3: القَمَرَانِ The sun and the moon: one of them [namely the latter] being made predominant. (TA.) قَمِرٌ: fem. with ة: see أَقْمَرُ.

قُمْرَةٌ A colour inclining to greenness: (A, K:) or whiteness inclining to dinginess or duskiness: (A:) or whiteness in which is a dinginess or duskiness: (K:) or clear, or pure, whiteness. (TA.) See also أَقْمَرُ.

قَمَرِىٌّ [Of, or relating to, the moon; lunar]. Ex. السَّنَةُ القَمَرِيَّةُ The lunar year. (Mgh, art. شمس.) قُمْرِىٌّ is a rel. n. from طَيْرٌ قُمْرٌ: and قُمْرٌ is either pl. of أَقْمَرُ, like as حُمْرٌ is of أَحْمَرُ, or pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] of قُمْرِىٌّ, like as رُومٌ is of رُومِىٌّ: (S, Msb:) or قُمْرِىٌّ is a rel. n. from the name of a mountain, or of a place, or some other thing, accord. to different authors: or its ى is added to give intensiveness to its signification: (TA:) the قُمْرِىّ is [A bird] of the [species called] فَوَاخِت; [pl. of فَاخِتَةٌ;] (Msb;) a certain species of bird; so called because أَقْمَر [q. v.] in colour, like the فَاخِتَة in El-Hijáz; (JK;) [a species of collared turtle-dove, of a dull white colour marked with a black collar: such I have see in Egypt, caged; but they are rare there; and, I believe, are brought from Arabia:] the قُمْرِيَّة is a species of حَمَام, (K,) حَمَائِم [i. e. pigeons]: (M, TA:) or قُمْرِيَّةٌ is applied to the female; and the male is called سَاقُ حُرٍّ: (S, Msb, K: see سَاقُ حُرٍّ in art. سوق): and the pl. is قُمَارِىُّ, (S, Msb, K,) imperf. decl.; (S;) and accord. to some, قَمَارَى; (TA;) and قُمْرٌ. (K.) قِمَارٌ: see 3. [It is often used as a subst., signifying (tropical:) A game of hazard, such as that called المَيْسِر, and the like.]

قَمِيرٌ (tropical:) An antagonist in the contention termed قِمَارٌ: (IJ, K:) pl. أَقْمَارٌ, (IJ, K,) which is anomalous, like أَنْصَارٌ, pl. of نَصِيرٌ. (TA.) أَقْمَرُ Of a colour inclining to خُضْرَة: or of a dull or dingy or dusky white: (K:) and white: (S, Msb, K:) or intensely white: (IKtt:) fem.

قَمْرَآءُ: (S, K:) pl. قُمْرٌ. (S, Msb.) You say حِمَارٌ أَقْمَرُ (S, A, Msb, K) An ass of the colour termed قُمْرَة: (K:) or a white ass: (S, A, Msb:) and أَتَانٌ قَمْرَآءُ a she-ass of the colour termed قُمْرَة: (K:) or a white she-ass. (S.) The Arabs say, that when the sky appears of the hue of the belly of a she-ass of this colour, it is most abundant in rain. (TA.) Also فَرَسٌ أَقْمَرُ A moon-coloured horse. (Mgh.) And سَحَابٌ أَقْمَرُ A cloud, or clouds, of a white colour: (S:) or intensely bright, by reason of the abundance of water therein: and [hence] full [of water]. (TA.) b2: لَيْلَةٌ قَمْرَآءُ, (S, A, K,) and مُقْمِرَةٌ, (A, Msb, K,) and ↓ مُقْمِرٌ, (K) and ↓ قَمِرَةٌ, (IAar, K,) which last is held by ISd, to be a kind of rel. n., or possessive epithet, (TA,) A moon-lit night; a night in which the moon shines: (A, K:) or a light, or bright, night: (S:) or a white night. (Msb.) IAar, mentions لَيْلٌ قَمْرَآءُ; but ISd, says this is strange, and I think, he adds, that by ليل he means ليلة, or that he makes ليل fem. as a pl. (TA.) You also say لَيْلَةُ القَمْرَآءِ, meaning The night of moonlight: (Lth, A, Mgh:) for القَمْرَآءُ also signifies the moonlight. (Lth, A, Mgh, K.) And قَعَدٌنَا فِى القَمْرَآءِ We sat in the moonlight. (A.) And أَتْيْتُهُ فِى القَمْرَآءِ [I came to him in the moonlight]. (S.) b3: وَجْهٌ أَقَمَرُ A face likened to the moon (K, * TA) in respect of whiteness. (TA.) مُقْمِرٌ: see أَقْمَرُ. b2: إِنَّ اللَّيْلَ طَوِيلٌ وَأَنْتَ مُقْمِرٌ [Verily the night is long, and thou hast the light of the moon: a proverb:] meaning, Wait thou patiently for the accomplishment of thy want. (JK.) [See Freytag's Arab. Prov., i. 45.]