شرف
1 شَرُفَ, (
S,
O,
Msb,
K,)
aor. ـُ (
K,)
inf. n. شَرَفٌ (
S, *
O, *
Msb, *
K,
TA) and شَرَافَةٌ, (
TA,) said of a man, (
S,
O,
TA,) He was, or became, high, elevated, exalted, or eminent, (
S,
O,
Msb,
K,
TA,) [in rank, condition, or estimation,] in respect of religion or of worldly things: (
K,
TA:) [generally meaning he was high-born, or noble:] part.
n. شَرِيفٌ [
q. v.]. (
S,
O,
Msb,
K,
TA.) [See also
شَرَفٌ, below.]
b2: [Hence one says,]
شَرُفَــتْ نَفْسُهُ عَنِ الشَّىْءِ His soul was above the thing; disdained, or scorned, it. (
L in art. انف.)
b3: شَرَفَــتِ النَّاقَةُ, and
شَرُفَــت, (
O,
K,)
aor. of each ـُ
inf. n. شُرُوفٌ, (
K,)
reg. as of the former verb, and
irreg. as of the latter, (
TA,) The she-camel was, or became, such as is termed شَارِفٌ [
q. v.]. (
O,
K.)
A2: شَرَفَــهُ,
aor. ـُ (
IJ,
S,
O,
K,
TA,)
inf. n. شَرْفٌ, (
TA,) He overcame him, or surpassed him, in
شَرَف [i. e. highness, elevation, or eminence, of rank, condition, or estimation; or nobility]; (
IJ,
S,
O,
K,
TA;) and so
شَرُفَ عَلَيْهِ: (
Z,
TA:) or he excelled him (طَالَهُ,
K,
TA, in the
CK [erroneously] طاوَلَهُ,) in the grounds of pretension to respect or honour (فِى الحَسَبِ). (
K,
TA.) See 3.
b2: شَرَفَ الحَائِطَ, (
K,
TA,)
aor. ـُ
inf. n. شَرْفٌ, (
TA,) He put to the wall a
شُرْفَــة [
q. v.]. (
K,
TA.) [See also 2.]
A3: شَرِفَــتِ الأُذُنُ, and
شَرِفَ المَنْكِبُ,
aor. ـَ (
K,
TA,)
inf. n. شَرَفٌ, (
TA,) The ear, and in like manner the shoulder, was, or became, high, (
K,
TA,) and prominent: or, as some say, stood up. (
TA.)
A4: And
شَرِفَ, [from
شَرَفٌ signifying the “ hump ” of a camel,] (
O,
K,) said of a man, (
O,) He kept constantly, or continually, to the eating of the [camel's] hump. (
O,
K.) 2
شرّفــهُ,
inf. n. تَشْرِيفٌ, He (God) rendered him high, elevated, exalted, or eminent, [in rank, condition, or estimation; or ennobled him:] (
S,
KL, *
PS: *) and he held him, or esteemed him, to be so. (
MA,
PS.)
ISd thinks that the verb may also mean He regarded with more, or exceeding, honour. (
TA.) [And Golius explains it as meaning He decked with a royal garment; on the authority of the
KL; in my copy of which I find no other meaning assigned to it than the first mentioned above.] One says,
شَرَّفَ اللّٰهُ الكَعْبَةَ, (
O,
K,
TA,)
inf. n. as above, (
TA,) [God rendered, or may God render, the Kaabeh an object of honour, or glorious,] from الـ
ـشَّرَفُ, (
O,
K,
TA,) i. e. المَجْدُ. (
TA.) [تَشْرِيفٌ is also used as a
subst. properly so called; and as such is
expl. by itself in this art.]
b2: Also He put to it
شُرَف [
pl. of
شُرْفَــةٌ,
q. v.]; (
O,
K;) namely, his house, (
K,) or a [palace, or pavilion, or other building such as is called] قَصْر, &c.;
inf. n. as above. (
O.) [See also
شَرَفَ الحَائِطَ.]
b3: شرّف المَرْبَأَ,
expl. in the
K as
syn. with ا
شرفــهُ and شارفهُ, is a mistake for تـ
ـشرّفــهُ [
q. v.]. (
TA.)
b4: شرّف النَّاقَةَ,
inf. n. as above, means He almost severed the teats of the she-camel by binding them [tightly] with the صِرَار [
q. v.]: (
IAar,
O,
TA:) this being done for the preservation of her [stoutness of] body, and her fatness, so that burdens may be put upon her in the coming year. (
TA.)
b5: [
شرّف,
app. for
شرّف العُنُقَ, is also said by Reiske, as mentioned by Freytag in his Lexicon, to signify He (a camel going along) raised the neck: but his authority for this is not stated.]
3 شارفهُ, (
S,
O,
K,)
inf. n. مُشَارَفَةٌ, (
TA,) He vied with him, or contended with him for superiority, in
شَرَف [i. e. highness, elevation, or eminence, of rank, condition, or estimation; or nobility]; (
S,
O,
K,
TA;) ↓ فَـ
ـشَرَفَــهُ and he overcame, or surpassed, him therein. (
TA.)
b2: See also 5.
b3: Also He was, or became, near to it; he drew near to it, or approached it; namely, a thing: and he was, or became, near to attaining it, [and in like manner شارف عَلَيْهِ, as used in the
S and
K in the beginning of art. بلغ, he was, or became, at the point of reaching it, or attaining it, namely, a place,] or of obtaining it, or getting possession of it: [and he was, or became, at the point of experiencing it, (See
Bd in lxxviii. 14,) and doing it; followed by أَنْ and an
aor. :] and, as some say, he looked for it, or expected it; his mind told him of it; he looked for its coming to
pass. (
TA.) See also 4, in two places.
4 ا
شرف It rose; or it was, or became, high or elevated; [so as to overtop, or overlook, what was around it or adjacent to it: overtopped, surmounted, overpeered, overlooked, overhung; was, or became, protuberant, prominent, or projecting: and rose into view, came within sight or view, or became within a commanding, or near, view:] said of a place [&c.]. (
Msb.) One says of a piece of ground, أَـ
ـشْرَفَ عَلَى مَا حَوْلَهُ [It rose above, or overtopped, what was around it]. (
Sh,
TA.) And أَـ
ـشْرَفَ لِى
شَرَفٌ فَمَا زِلْتُ أَرْكُضُ حَتَّى
عَلَوْتُهُ [An eminence rose into view to me, and I ceased not to urge on my beast until I ascended, or mounted, upon it]. (
TA.)
b2: [Hence,] أَـ
ـشْرَفْــتُ عَلَيْهِ I looked upon it, or viewed it, (
S,
O,
Msb,
K, *) from above; (
S,
O,
K;) [I overlooked it, or looked down upon it: and I came in sight of it: got a view of it: and got knowledge of it; became acquainted with it; or knew it: all of which meanings may be intended to be conveyed by the explanation in the
Msb, which is اِطَّلَعْتُ عَلَيْهِ:] and الشَّىْءَ ↓ شَارَفْتُ signifies the same as أَـ
ـشْرَفْــتُ عَلَيْهِ [
app. in the first of the senses
expl. in this sentence, as well as in another sense
expl. in what follows]: (
S, O:) and ↓ شَارَفُوهُمْ signifies the same as أَـ
ـشْرَفُــوا عَلَيْهِمْ. (
TA.)
b3: And ا
شرف عَلَى المَوْتِ He (a sick man) was, or became, on the brink, or verge, or at the point, of death. (
O,
K.) and ا
شرف بِهِ عَلَى المَوْتِ [He made him to be on the brink, or verge, or at the point, of death]. (
T and
K in art. ذرف.)
b4: And أَـ
ـشْرَفَــتْ نَفْسُهُ عَلَى شَىْءٍ
His soul was vehemently eager for a thing. (
Mgh. [See also 10.]) إِشْرَافٌ signifies The being eager, and the being vehemently eager: and hence the saying, in a
trad., مَنْ أَخَذَ الدُّنْيَا بِإِشْرَافِ نَفْسٍ
لَمْ يُبَارَكْ لَهُ فِيهَا [Whoso takes the enjoyments of the present world with eagerness, or vehement eagerness, of soul, he will not be blessed therein]. (
TA.)
b5: And ا
شرف عَلَيْهِ He regarded him with solicitous affection or pity or compassion. (
O, *
K.)
b6: [And ا
شرف لِى He, or it, came within sight, or view, to me; or came within a commanding, or near, view of me: see an
ex. voce أَجْهَدَ; and another
voce رَبَأَ.]
b7: And [hence,] ا
شرف لَكَ الشَّىْءُ The thing became, or has become, within thy power or reach; or possible, practicable, or easy, to thee. (
TA.)
A2: See also 5, in two places.
5 تـ
ـشرّف, said of a man, is from الـ
ـشَّرَفُ, (
O,) and signifies صَارَ مُـ
ـشَرَّفًــا [He became elevated, or exalted, in rank, condition, or estimation; or ennobled]. (
K.)
b2: تـ
ـشرّف بِهِ He became elevated, or exalted, in rank, condition, or estimation; or ennobled; by, or by means of, him, or it: (
MA:) [or he gloried, or prided himself, by reason of it, or in it; i. e.] he reckoned it, (
S,) or regarded it, (
O,) as a glory or an honour [to himself], (
S,
O,) and a favour. (
O.)
A2: تـ
ـشرّف المَرْبَأَ, (
S,
O,
TA,) in the
K, erroneously,
شَرَّفَــهُ; (
TA;) and ↓ ا
شرفــهُ; (
S,
O,
K;) and ↓ شارفهُ, (
K,)
inf. n. مُشَارَفَةٌ; (
TA;) He (a man,
S, O) ascended, or mounted, upon the elevated place of observation. (
S,
O,
K.) And الشَّىْءَ ↓ ا
شرف and عَلَى الشَّىْءِ signify the same as [تـ
ـشرّفــهُ and] تـ
ـشرّف عَلَيْهِ, i. e. He ascended, or mounted, upon the thing. (
TA.)
b2: It is said in a
trad., with reference to certain future trials, or conflicts and factions, (فِتَن,) مَنْ
↓ تَـ
ـشَرَّفَ لَهَا تَسْتَـ
ـشْرِفْــهُ i. e. Whoso finds a place of refuge [for escaping, or avoiding them, let them invite him, or cause him, to seek, or take, refuge, virtually meaning] let him seek, or take, refuge therein. (
O,
TA. *)
A3: تُـ
ـشُرِّفَ القَوْمُ The people, or party, had their أَشْرَاف [or eminent, or noble, men,
pl. of شَرِيف,] slain. (
O,
K.) 8 اشترف He, or it, stood up, or upright, or erect; (
S,
O,
TA;) and (
TA) so ↓ استـ
ـشرف [if this be not a mistranscription, which I incline to think it may be as the former verb (of which see the part.
n. below) is not mentioned in the
K]. (
K,
TA.) 10 استـ
ـشرف الشَّىْءَ, (
S,
O,
Msb,
K,) and لِلشَّىْءِ, (
Msb in art. طمح,) He raised his eyes (
S,
O,
Msb,
K) towards the thing, (
O,
K,) or to look at the thing, (
Msb,) or looking at the thing, (
S,) and expanded his hand over his eyebrow like as does he who shades [his eyes] from the sun. (
S,
O,
K.) A poet says, تَطَالَلْتُ وَاسْتَـ
ـشْرَفْــتُهُ فَرَأَيْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ آأَنْتَ زَيْدُ الأَرَامِلِ [I stretched up myself, and raised my eyes towards him, expanding my hand over my eyebrow like him who is shading his eyes from the sun; and I said to him, Art thou Zeyd-el-Arámil?]. (
O.)
b2: Hence, (
TA,) أُمِرْنَا أَنْ نَسْتَـ
ـشْرِفَ العَيْنَ وَالأُذُنَ, (
Mgh, *
O,
K,
TA,) in a
trad. (
O,
TA) relating to the sheep or goat to be slaughtered as a victim on the day of sacrifice, (
TA,) means We have been commanded to pay much attention to the eye and the ear, and to examine them carefully, in order that there may not be any such defect as blindness of one eye or mutilation (
Mgh, *
O,
K,
TA) of an ear: (
TA:) or, (
Mgh,
O,) as some say, (
O,) [in the
K “ that is,”] to seek that they be of high estimation, by being perfect (
Mgh, *
O,
K) and sound: (
Mgh, O:) or,
accord. to some, it is from الـ
ـشُّرْفَــةُ signifying “ the choice ones,” or “ best,” of cattle; and the meaning is, we have been commanded to select them. (
TA.)
b3: And يَسْتَـ
ـشْرِفُ مَعَالِىَ الأُمُورِ (
tropical:) He desires, or seeks, [or raises his eye to,] the means of attaining eminence. (
Msb in art. شوف.)
b4: استـ
ـشرف إِبِلَهُمْ means He (a man) smote their camels with the [evil] eye;
syn. تَعَيَّنَهَا: (
S,
TA:) or he looked at them (تعيّنها) to smite them with the [evil] eye. (
TA.)
b5: استـ
ـشرفــهُ حَقَّهُ He defrauded him of his right, or due. (
O,
K.)
A2: See also 5:
A3: and 8.
Q. Q. 1 شَرْيَفْتُ الزَّرْعَ I cut off the شِرْيَاف [
q. v.] of the seed-produce; (
S, O;) and so شَرْنَفْتُهُ: (O and
K * in art. شرنف:) of the
dial. of El-Yemen: but
Az doubts whether the word be with ن; and the ى and ن are both held by him to be augmentative. (
O.)
شَرْفٌ: see the next paragraph, near the end.
شَرَفٌ Highness, elevation, exaltation, or eminence, [in rank, condition, or estimation, in respect of religion or of worldly things: (see the first sentence of this art.:)] (
S,
O,
Msb,
K:) [generally meaning high birth:] glory, honour, dignity, or nobility;
syn. مَجْدٌ: or not unless [transmitted] by ancestors: (
K:) [for]
accord. to
ISk,
شَرَفٌ and مَجْدٌ may not be unless [transmitted] by ancestors; but حَسَبٌ and كَرَمٌ may be in a man though he have not ancestors [endowed therewith]: (
O:) or, (
K,)
accord. to
IDrd, (
O,) it signifies highness of حَسَب [which means grounds of pretension to respect or honour, consisting in any qualities (either of oneself or of one's ancestors) which are enumerated, or recounted, as causes of glorying]: (
O,
K:) and ↓
شُرْفَــةٌ signifies the same as
شَرَفٌ; (
TA;) or the same as فَضْلٌ and
شَرَفٌ [meaning a favour and a glory or an honour]; as in the saying, أَعُدُّ إِتْيَانَكُمٌ
شُرْفَــةً [I reckon your coming a favour, and a glory or an honour]; (
O,
K;) and أَرَى ذٰلِكَ
شُرْفَــةً [I regard that as a favour, and a glory or an honour]: (
O:) the
pl. of
شَرَفٌ is أَشْرَافٌ, like as that of سَبَبٌ is أَسْبَابٌ. (
TA.) نُهْبَةٌ ذَاتُ
شَرَفٍ means Spoil, or booty, of high value, at which men raise their eyes, and look, or which they smite with the [evil] eye: [see اِسْتَـ
ـشْرَفَ إِبِلَهُمْ:] but the phrase is also related with س. (
TA. See سَرَفٌ.)
b2: See also شَرِيفٌ, with which, or with the pls. of which, it is said to be
syn. b3: Also An elevated place; an eminence: (
S,
Mgh,
O,
K:)
accord. to
Sh, any piece of ground that overtops what is around it, whether extended or not, only about ten cubits, or five, in length, of little or much breadth in its upper surface: (
TA:)
pl. أَشْرَافٌ: (
TA voce وَطْءٌ:) and مَشَارِفُ الأَرْضِ signifies the high, or elevated, places, or parts, of the earth or ground: (
S,
Msb,
K:)
sing. ↓ مَـ
ـشْرَفٌ, with fet-h to the م and ر. (
Msb. [See also مُـ
ـشْرَفٌ.]) A poet says, آتِى النَّدِىَّ فَلَا يُقَرَّبُ مَجْلِسِى
وَأَقُودُ لِلـ
ـشَّرَفِ الرَّفِيعِ حِمَارِى
[I come to the assembly, and my sitting-place is not made near to the chief person or persons, and I lead to the high elevated place my ass]: he means, I have become unsound in my intellect in consequence of old age, so that no profit is gotten from my opinion, and I am not able to mount my ass from the ground, unless from a high place. (
S.)
b4: [Hence, (
tropical:) The brink, verge, or point, of some event of great magnitude, or of any importance: not well
expl. as meaning] the being on the brink, or verge, or at the point, of some event of great importance, good or evil: (
O,
K:) one says in the case of good, هُوَ عَلَى
شَرَفٍ مِنْ قَضَآءِ حَاجَتِهِ (
tropical:) [He is at the point of accomplishing the object of his want]: and in the case of evil, هُوَ عَلَى
شَرَفٍ مِنَ الهَلَاكِ (
tropical:) [He is on the brink, &c., of destruction]. (
O,
TA.)
b5: And (
tropical:) The hump of a camel. (
O,
K,
TA.)
b6: And
app. sing. of أَشْرَافٌ in a sense
expl. below: see the latter word. (
TA.)
A2: And A heat; a single run, or a run at once, to a goal, or limit: (
O,
K:) or, (
K,)
accord. to
Fr, about a mile: (
O,
K:) or about two miles. (
TA as from the
K and on the authority of
Fr.) One says, عَدَا
شَرَفًــا أَوْ
شَرَفَــيْنِ [He ran a heat, or two heats]: (
O:) and [in like manner,] اِسْتَنَّتٌ
شَرَفًــا أَوْ
شَرَفَــيْنِ, (
O,
K,) occurring in a
trad., said of a mare, or of horses. (
O.)
A3: Also, (
O,
TA,)
accord. to
IAar, (
O,) A red clay or earth: and
i. q. مَغْرَةٌ [i. e. red ochre]; as also ↓
شَرْفٌ:
accord. to
Lth, a kind of trees, having a red dye: and said to be the same as [the
Pers\.] دار پرنيان [i. e.
دَارْ پَرْنِيَان, meaning Brazil-wood, which is commonly called in Arabic بَقَّم]. (
O,
TA: * in the former of which, the
Pers\. word here mentioned is written without the points to the پ; and in the latter, الدابرنيان.)
شُرْفَــةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, first quarter.
b2: Also The choice ones, or best, of مَال [meaning cattle]. (
S,
O,
K.)
b3: The
شُرْفَــة of a [palace, or pavilion, or other building such as is called] قَصْر (
S,
O,
Msb,
K) [and of a mosque] is well-known; (
K;) [An acroterial ornament, forming a single member of a cresting of a wall or of the crown of a cornice, generally of a fanciful form, and pointed, or small, at the top:]
pl. شُرَفٌ, (
S,
Mgh,
O,
Msb,
K,
TA,) a
pl. of mult., and
شُرُفَــاتٌ and
شُرَفَــاتٌ and
شُرْفَــاتٌ, which are pls. of pauc., or, as some say,
شرفــات [i. e.
شُرُفَــاتٌ] is
pl. of ↓
شُرُفَــةٌ, with two dammehs: EshShiháb says that
شُرْفَــات is
expl. as meaning the highest portions of a قَصْر; but what are thus termed are only what are built on the top of a wall, distinct from one another, [side by side, like merlons of a parapet,] according to a well-known form: (
TA:) the
شُرْفَــة is what is called by the [common] people ↓ شُرَّافَة: (
Ham p. 824:) the شُرَّافَة of a mosque is a word used by the lawyers, and is one of their mistakes, as
IB has notified: so says
MF: its
pl. is شَرَارِيفُ. (
TA.)
b4: The
شُرُفَــات (thus with two dammehs,
K) of a horse are The neck and قَطَاة [i. e. croup, or rump, or part between the hips or haunches,] thereof. (
O,
K.)
شُرُفَــةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.
شَرِيفٌ High, elevated, exalted, or eminent, (
S,
O, *
Msb,
K,
TA,) [in rank, condition, or estimation,] in respect of religion or of worldly things: (
TA:) [generally meaning high-born, or noble:] possessing glory, honour, dignity, or nobility: or such, and having also [such] ancestry: (
TA:) [using it as not implying highness, or nobility, of ancestry,] you say, هُوَ شَرِيفٌ اليَوْمَ [He is high, or noble, to-day], and عَنْ قَلِيلٍ ↓ شَارِفٌ as meaning one who will be شَرِيف [after a little while]: (
Fr,
S,
K:) the
pl. [of pauc.] is أَشْرَافٌ and [of mult.]
شُرَفَــآءُ (
S,
O,
Msb,
K) and ↓
شَرَفٌ, so in the
K,
app. denoting that this last is one of the pls. of شريف, and it is said in the O that
شَرَفٌ is
syn. with شُرَفَــآءُ; but in the
L it is said that it is
syn. with شَرِيفٌ; and hence the saying هُوَ
شَرَفُ قَوْمِهِ meaning He is the شَرِيف of his people, and كَرَمُهُمْ meaning the كَرِيم of them; and thus it has been
expl. as used in a
trad.: (
TA:) [but both these assertions are probably correct; for it seems to be, agreeably with
analogy, an
inf. n. used as an
epithet, and therefore applicable to a single person and to a
pl. number, and also to two persons, and likewise to a female as well as to a male.]
b2: [By the modern Arabs, and the Turks and Persians, it is also applied, as a title of honour, to Any descendant of the Prophet; like سَيِّد. And, with the article ال, particularly to the descendant of the Prophet who is The governor of Mekkeh; now always a vassal of the Turkish Sultá
n.]
شُرَافِىٌّ, applied to a [lizard of the kind called]
ضَبّ, and to a jerboa, Large in the ears, and in the body: (
TA:) and so شُرَافِيَّةٌ applied to a she-camel; (
O,
K,
TA;) as also ↓
شَرْفَــآءُ. (
TA.) and أُذُنٌ شُرَافِيَّةٌ
i. q. شُفَارِيَّةٌ [
q. v.], (
K,
TA,) or An ear that is high, long, and having hair upon it. (
IDrd,
O,
TA.) See also أُذُنٌ
شَرْفَــآءُ,
voce أَـ
ـشْرَفُ.
b2: Also A kind of white garments or cloths: (
O,
K: *) or a garment, or piece of cloth, that is purchased from a country of the foreigners adjacent to the land of the Arabs. (
As,
O,
K. *) شُرَّافَةٌ;
pl. شَرَارِيفُ: see
شُرْفَــةٌ.
شِرْيَافٌ (
S,
O,
K) and شِرْنَافٌ (O and
K in art. شرنف) [but see
Q. Q. 1] The leaves of seedproduce that have become so long and abundant that one fears its becoming marred; wherefore they are cut off. (
S,
O,
K.) شَارِفٌ: see شَرِيفٌ.
b2: Applied to a she-camel, (assumed
tropical:) High [
app. meaning much advanced] in age: (
A,
TA:) or advanced in age; (
S,
O,
K;) decrepit; (
IAar,
K;) as also شَارِفَةٌ: (
K:) [see دَلُوقٌ, in three places:]
pl. شُرْفٌ, like بُزْلٌ and عُوذٌ pls. of بَازِلٌ and عَائِذٌ, (
S,
O,) or
شُرُفٌ, like كُتُبٌ, (
K,) or the latter is allowable in poetry, (
O,) or the former is a contraction of the latter, (
IAth,
TA,) and شَوَارِفُ [also
pl. of شَارِفَةٌ] (
O,
K) and
شُرَّفٌ and شُرُوفٌ: (
K:) it is said that شَارِفٌ is not applied to the he-camel; but it is so applied, as well as to the she-camel,
accord. to the Towsheeh of El-
Jelál. (
TA.) Hence, as being likened to black decrepit she-camels, (Aboo-Bekr,
TA,) الـ
ـشُّرُفُ الجُونُ, with two dammehs, [which I think a mistake, unless it mean with a dammeh to each word,] (
K,) or الـ
ـشَّرْفُ الجُونُ, (
O,
IAth,
TA,) occurring in a
trad., meaning (assumed
tropical:) [Trials, or conflicts and factions,] like portions of the dark night: (
O, *
K, *
TA:) thus
expl. by the Prophet: (
O,
TA:) but some relate it otherwise, with ق, (
K,) saying الشُّرْقُ الجون,
pl. of شَارِقٌ, (
O, *
TA,) meaning “ [trials, &c.,] rising (
O,
K,
TA) from the direction of the east. ” (
O,
TA.)
b3: Also applied to an arrow, as meaning Old: (
S,
O,
K:) and applied to a garment or a piece of cloth [
app. in the same sense]: (A and
TA voce طَرِيدٌ:) or an arrow long since laid by [
expl. by بَعِيدُ العَهْدِ بِالصِّيَابَةِ; but I think that the right reading is بعيد العهد لِالصِّيَانَةِ, and have assumed this to be the case in my rendering]: or of which the feathers and the sinews [wherewith they are bound] have become uncompact: or slender and long. (
TA.)
b4: دَنٌّ شَارِفٌ [A wine-jar] of which the wine is old. (
TA.)
b5: And شَارِفٌ [alone] A receptacle for wine, such as a خَابِيَة and the like thereof. (
O,
K.) الشَّارُوفُ A kind of cord or rope;
syn. حَبْلٌ: [so in the
O, and in one of my copies of the
S: in my other copy of the
S, and in the
K, جَبَلٌ, i. e. the name of a certain mountain:] a postclassical word. (
S, O.)
b2: And شَارُوفٌ also signifies A broom: (
S,
O,
K:) a
Pers\. word, (
S,) arabicized, from جَارُوبٌ, (
O,
K,) originally جَاىْ رُوبْ, which means “ a place-sweeper. ” (
O.) أَـ
ـشْرَفُ [More, and most, high, elevated, exalted, or eminent, in rank, condition, or estimation; &c.; generally meaning more, and most, high-born or noble; (see شَرِيفٌ;)] surpassing in
شَرَف. (
S, O.)
b2: مَنْكِبٌ أَـ
ـشْرَفُ A high shoulder; (
S,
O,
K;) such as has a goodly rising; which implies what is termed إِهْدَآء [
inf. n. of أَهْدَأَهُ, and here
app. meaning the “ being curved in the back ”]. (
TA.) And أُذُنٌ
شَرْفَــآءُ A long ear; (
S,
O,
K;) standing up; rising above what is next to it: and so اذن ↓ شُرَافِيَّةٌ. (
TA.)
b3: See also شُرَافِىٌّ [أَـ
ـشْرَفُ also signifies Having a prominent, or an apparent, ear: opposed to أَسَكُّ,
q. v. b4: Hence,] الأَـ
ـشْرَفُ is an appellation of The bat; (
O,
K,
TA;) because its ears are prominent and apparent: it is bare of downy and other feathers, and is viviparous, not oviparous: so in the saying of Bishr Ibn-ElMoatemir, وَطَائِرٌ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَكْرُ وَطَائِرٌ أَـ
ـشْرَفُ ذُو جُرْدَةٍ
[And a flying thing that has prominent and apparent ears and a denuded body, and a flying thing that has no nest]: (
O,
TA:) in the
K is added, and another bird, that has no nest, &c.: but this is taken from an explanation of the latter hemistich of the verse cited above; which explanation is as follows: (
TA:) the bird that has no nest is one of which the Bahránees [so in the
TA, but
accord. to the O “ the sailors,”] tell that it does not alight save while it makes, of the dust, or earth, a place in which it lays its eggs, and which it covers over; then it flies into the air, and its eggs break open of themselves at the expiration of the term thereof; and when its young ones are able to fly, they do after the habit of their parents. (
O,
L,
TA: and the same is said, less fully, in the
K.)
b5: مَدِينَةٌ
شَرْفَــآءُ A city having
شُرَف, (
Mgh,
O,
K, *)
pl. of
شُرْفَــةٌ [
q. v.]: (
O:) the
pl. of أَـ
ـشْرَفُ and of
شَرْفَــآءُ,
accord. to rule, is
شُرْفٌ. (
Mgh. [In the copies of the
K, الـ
ـشُّرُفُ is erroneously said to be
pl. of الـ
ـشَّرْفَــآءُ.]) It is said in a
trad. of Ibn-' Abbás,
أُمِرْنَا أَنْ نَبْنِىَ المَدَائِنَ
شُرْفًــا وَالمَسَاجِدَ جُمًّا
i. e. We have been commanded to build cities with
شُرَف and mosques without
شُرَف. (
Mgh, O. *) أَشْرَافٌ The ears and nose of a man: (
O,
K,
TA:) its
sing. in this sense is not mentioned: it is
app. ↓
شَرَفٌ; like سَبَبٌ,
sing. of أَسْبَابٌ. (
TA.) تَشْرِيفٌ
inf. n. of 2 [
q. v.]. (
S &c.)
b2: [and also a
post-classical term applied to An honorary present, such as a garment &c.: and a letter, i. e. an epistle, considered as conferring honour:
pl. تَشْرِيفَاتٌ.]
مَـ
ـشْرَفٌ: see
شَرَفٌ, in the middle of the paragraph: and see also what here next follows.
مُـ
ـشْرَفٌ, (
O,
K,) like مُكْرَمٌ, (
K,) or ↓ مَـ
ـشْرَفٌ [
q. v. voce شَرَفٌ], (so in my two copies of the
S,) A place from which one overlooks, i. e. looks upon, or views, [a thing] from above. (
S,
O,
K.)
b2: Hence the saying in a
trad., مَا جَآءَكَ مِنْ هٰذَا المَالِ وَأَنْتَ غَيْرُ مُـ
ـشْرَفٍ وَلَا سَائِلٍ فَخْذْهُ (
O,
TA) i. e. [What comes to thee of this property] thou not coveting nor looking for it [nor asking it, take it]. (
O.) مُـ
ـشْرِفٌ [part.
n. of 4;] High; (
S,
Mgh,
Msb;) [or overtopping; &c.;] applied to a mountain, (
S,) or a place. (
Mgh,
Msb.) سُيُوفٌ مَـ
ـشْرَفِــيَّةٌ Certain swords, (
S,
O,
K,) so called in relation to مَشَارِفُ, (
S,) or in relation to مَشَارِفُ الشَّامِ, (
O,
Msb,
K,) i. e. certain towns, or villages, of the land of the Arabs, near to the رِيف [
q. v.]: (
S,
O,
Msb,
K:) so says
AO: (
S, O:) or, as some say, this is a mistake, and they are so called in relation to a place of El-Yemen: (
Msb:) [or,
accord. to some, in relation to المَشَارِفُ, certain towns, or villages, near Howrán: (see De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., sec. ed., iii. 53:)] and it is said that مَـ
ـشْرَف was the name of a blacksmith who made swords: (
TA:) one says سَيْفٌ مَـ
ـشْرَفِــىٌّ, (
S,
O,
Msb,) not مَشَارِفِىٌّ, because a rel.
n. is not formed from a
pl. of the measure of مَشَارِفُ. (
S, O.) مُـ
ـشَرَّفٌ [Elevated, or exalted, in rank, condition, or estimation; or ennobled]; (
K,
TA;) an
epithet applied to a man; from الـ
ـشَّرَفُ. (
TA.)
A2: Also A garment, or piece of cloth, dyed with the red clay or earth [&c.] called
شَرَف. (
IAar,
TA.) مَشْرُوفٌ (
S,
TA) and مَشْرُوفٌ عَلَيْهِ (
Z,
TA) Overcome, or surpassed, in
شَرَف [i. e. highness, elevation, or eminence, of rank, condition, or estimation; or nobility]. (
S,
Z,
TA.) مُشْتَرِفٌ A horse high in make. (
S,
O,
K.)
