حتف

1 حَتَفَ, aor. ـِ is a verb mentioned by IKoot and IKtt and others, as derived from حَتْفٌ signifying “ death,” though J says that no verb is formed from this word; as IF and Meyd and Az also assert: (MF, TA:) and حُتُوفٌ is its inf. n., as well as pl. of حَتْفٌ: [accord. to SM, it is intrans., signifying He died; for he says,] hence the saying in the A, المَرْءُ يَسْعَى وَيَطُوفُ وَعَاقِبَتُهُ الحُتُوفُ [Man labours, and goes about: and his end is dying]. (TA.) [But see what follows.]

A2: IF says that no verb is formed from حَتْفٌ signifying “ death; ” and so, after him, J; and Az says that he had heard no such verb: but IKoot mentions حَتَفَهُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. حَتْفٌ, as signifying He, or it, killed him; or caused him to die. (Msb.) حَتْفٌ Death: (S, Msb, K, &c.:) pl. حُتُوفٌ. (S, K.) You say, مَاتَ حَتْفَ أَنْفِهِ, (A 'Obeyd, S, Mgh, Msb, K,) and حَتْفَ فِيهِ, but this is rare, and حَتْفَ أَنْفَيْهِ, (K,) which may mean مَنْخِرَيْهِ, or it may mean أَنْفه وَفَمه, the انف being made predominant, (TA,) He died upon his bed; (A 'Obeyd, Mgh, Msb, K;) [a natural death;] respiring until he yielded his last breath; (Msb;) not from slaughter, nor beating, (A 'Obeyd, S, Msb, K,) nor drowning, nor burning, (A 'Obeyd, Sgh, Msb, K,) nor by a wild beast, &c.: (A 'Obeyd, TA:) the nose is particularized as meaning that the spirit passes forth from it with the breath; or because they imagined that the spirit of the sick man passes forth from his nose, and that of the wounded man from his wound; (IAth, K;) or because the spirit passes forth from the mouth and the nose, and the latter of these is made predominant: (O, TA:) and حتف is put in the accus. case in the manner of an inf. n. (TA.) This phrase was used in the time of paganism, by Es-Semow-al: (Msb, TA:) or, accord. to some, in the phrase attributed to him, the right reading is not مات حتف انفه, but مات فِى فِرَاشِهِ; and the former was first used by Mohammad. (Ham p. 52.) It is said of a human being: (S, Mgh:) and then of any animal when it dies without any accidental cause: (Mgh:) hence, of a fish that has died, and floats upon the water. (Msb, TA.) It is said in a trad. of 'Ámir Ibn-Fuheyreh, وَالمَرْءُ يَأْتِى حَتْفُهُ مِنْ فَوْقِهِ [And man, his death comes from above him]: meaning that his caution and his cowardice will not repel from him the decree of death when it befalls him: originally said by 'Amr Ibn-Mámeh. (L, TA.) A2: حَيَّةٌ حَتْفَةٌ [A dead serpent] is a phrase like اِمْرَأَةٌ عَدْلَةٌ: (Z, TA:) the latter word is here an epithet. (Z, K.)

حرف

1 حَرَفَ الشَّىْءَ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ, (AO, S, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (Msb,) or ـِ (K,) inf. n. حَرْفٌ, (S, Msb,) He turned the thing from its proper way, or manner: (K:) or altered it therefrom: (Msb:) and ↓ حرّفهُ, inf. n. تَحْرِيفٌ, has this latter meaning: (K, * TA:) or has an intensive signification of this kind. (Msb.) الكَلِمِ عَنْ ↓ تَحْرِيفُ مَوَاضِعِهِ signifies The altering words from their proper meanings: (S, * TA:) and agreeably with this explanation, the verb is used in the Kur iv. 48, &c.: (TA:) or تحريف signifies the perverting of language: (Msb:) or the altering a word in form; as in writing بُرْدٌ for بَرْدٌ; or vice versâ: (KT:) [and the mistranscribing a word in any manner: commonly used in this sense in the lexicons &c.: or the altering a word by substituting one letter, or more, for another, or others. See also صَحَّفَ.]

A2: See also 7.

A3: حَرَفَ لِعِيَالِهِ, (Msb, K,) aor. ـِ (As, S, K,) or ـُ (Msb,) He earned or gained [subsistence], or laboured to do so, for his family, or household, (As, S, Msb, K,) from this and that quarter; (As, S;) as also ↓ احترف: (Mgh, * Msb, TA:) and بِيَدَيْهِ ↓ احترف [he earned, or gained, with his hands]: and لِعِيَالِهِ ↓ تحرّف he applied himself to earn or gain [subsistence] for his family, or household, by means of any, or every, art or craft: (TA:) and ↓ احرف he laboured, or sought gain or sustenance, for his household, or family; expl. by كَدَّ عَلَى عِيَالِهِ. (IAar, K.) A4: حَرَفَ عَيْنُهُ, inf. n. حَرْفَةٌ, (K,) not an inf. n. of un., (TA,) He applied collyrium to his eye (K, TA) with the [style called] مِيل. (TA.) A5: حُرِفَ فِى مَالِهِ, inf. n. حَرْفَةٌ, He suffered the loss of somewhat of his property. (Lh, K.) 2 حَرَّفَ see 1, in two places. b2: [Hence,] طَاعُونٌ يُحَرِّفُ القُلُوبَ [A pestilence] causing the hearts [of those witnessing its effects] to turn away, and be aloof: (K:) occurring in a trad.: or, accord. to one relation, يُحَوِّفُ القلوب, (TA,) i. e., turning the hearts from confidence, and inclining them to removal and flight. (K and TA in art. حوف.) b3: تَحْرِيفُ القَلَمِ The nibbing the writing-reed obliquely; (S, * K, * TA;) making the right tooth of the nib higher [i. e. longer] than the left. (TA.) You say also, حَرَّفَ القَطَّةَ [He made the nibbing oblique]. (TA.) and حرّف السِّكِّينَ فِى حَالِ القَطِّ [He turned the knife obliquely in nibbing]. (TA.) b4: See also 7. b5: تَحْرِيفٌ also signifies The putting in motion, or into a state of commotion; syn. تَحْرِيكٌ. (TA.) b6: قَالَ بِيَدِهِ فَحَرَّفَهَا كَأَنَّهُ يُرِيدُ القَتْلَ, in a trad., means [He made a sign with his hand,] and imitated with it the cutting of a sword with its edge. (TA.) 3 حُورِفَ He was debarred from the means of subsistence; because he of whom this is said is aloof (بِحَرْفٍ) from the means of subsistence. (Mgh.) And حُورِفَ كَسْبُ فُلَانٍ Such a one was made to experience difficulty (S, TA) in his buying and selling, and was straitened (TA) in his means of subsistence; as though his means of subsistence were turned away from him: (S, TA:) or he had his gain, or earnings, turned away from him. (Msb.) It is said in a trad. of Ibn-Mes'ood, مَوْتُ المُؤْمِنِ عَرَقُ الجَبِينِ تَبْقَى عَلَيْهِ البَقِيَّةِمِنَ الذُّنُوبِ فَيُحَارِفُ بِهَا عِنْدَ المَوْتِ, i. e. [The death of the believer is accompanied with sweating of the side of the forehead: some sins remain chargeable against him, and] he is made to experience difficulty by them [in dying], in order that his sins may be diminished. (S.) A2: مُحَارَفَةٌ has also a meaning like مُفَاخَرَةٌ: Sá'ideh says, فَقَدْ عَلِمُوا فِى الغَزْوِ كَيْفَ نُحَارِفُ [And they certainly know, in warfare, how we vie for superiority in glory: or] accord. to Skr, it means how we deal with them; as when one says to a man, What is thy حِرْفَة (i. e. thine occupation) and thy lineage? (TA:) [or the meaning may be how we requite; for]

A3: حارفهُ بِسُوْءٍ signifies He requited him for evil (K, TA) that he had done. (TA.) And it is said in a trad., إِنَّ العَبْدِ لَيُحَارَفُ عَنْ عَمَلِهِ الخَيْرَ أَوْ الشَّرَّ, i. e. [Verily the servant] shall be requited [for his deed; the good I mean, or the evil]. (IAar, TA.) And ↓ احرف also signifies He requited for good or evil. (IAar, K.) A4: مُحَارَفَةٌ signifies also The measuring a wound with the مِحْرَاف, i. e. the probe. (K, * TA.) 4 احرف: see 1. b2: Also, (inf. n. إِحْرَافٌ, Msb,) His مال [or cattle] increased, and became in a good state or condition. (Az, S, Msb, K.) One says, جَآءَ بِالحَقِ وَالإِحْرَافِ, meaning He came with, or brought, much cattle. (Az, S. [See حِلْقٌ.]) A2: He emaciated, or rendered lean, a she-camel: so says As: others say احرث. (S.) [See حَرْفٌ: and see حَرِيثَةٌ.]

A3: See also 3, last sentence but one.5 تَحَرَّفَ see 7: b2: and see also 1.7 انحرف [It became turned, or altered, from its proper way, or manner; quasi-pass. of 1 in the first of the senses explained above: and] he turned aside; (Az, S, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ تحرّف; (Az, S, Mgh, K;) and ↓ احرورف; (Az, S, K;) and ↓ حَرَفَ, inf. n. حَرْفٌ; (TA;) عَنْهُ from it. (Az, S, Msb, TA.) [Hence,] one says, انحرف مِزَاجَهُ [His temperament, or constitution, became disordered]; as also ↓ حَرَّفَ, [app. a mistranscription for حُرِّفَ,] inf. n. تَحْرِيفٌ. (TA.) [And انحرف عَلَيْهِ He turned against him, with enmity, or anger.] And انحرف إِلَيْهِ He turned to, or towards, him, or it. (TA.) 8 إِحْتَرَفَ see 1, in two places.12 إِحْرَوْرَفَ see 7.

حَرْفٌ The extremity, verge, border, margin, brink, brow, side, or edge, (S, Mgh, * K, TA,) of anything; (S, K;) as, for instance, the side of a river or rivulet, and of a ship or boat, (TA,) and of the notch of an arrow; (Msb;) and the edge of a sword: (L, TA:) pl. [of mult. حُرُوفٌ, and of pauc.] أَحْرُفٌ. (TA.) Hence, (S,) [A point, a ridge, a brow, and a ledge, of a mountain:] the pointed, sharp, or edged, summit of a mountain: (S, Msb, K:) a projecting portion in the side of a mountain, in form like a small دُكَّان [i. e. bench] or the like: and a portion in the summit of a mountain, having a thin edge, or ridge, rising above the upper part of the back: (Sh, TA:) pl. (of the word thus used in relation to a mountain, TA) حِرَفٌ; (Fr, S, Msb, K;) accord. to Fr, (Msb,) the only instance of the kind except طِلَلٌ as pl. of طَلٌّ. (Msb, K.) [Hence, also,] A nib, of a writing-reed, obliquely cut: so in the phrase قَلَمٌ لَا حَرْفَ لَهُ, in the S and K in art. جزم, a writingreed not having a nib obliquely cut. (TA in that art. [See 2 in the present art.]) And حَرْفَا الرَّأْسِ The two lateral halves of the head. (TA.) [Hence, also, the phrase] فُلَانٌ عَلَى حَرْفٍ مِنْ

أَمْرِهِ [and بِحَرْفٍ مِنْهُ (see 3, first sentence,)] Such a one is [standing] aloof with respect to his affair, (عَلَى نَاحِيَةٍ مِنْهُ, ISd, TA,) [in suspense,] waiting, and looking to the result, if he see, in regarding it from one side, what he likes; (TA;) turning from it if he see what does not please him. (ISd, TA.) The saying, in the Kur xxii. 11, وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَعْبُدُ اللّٰهَ عَلَى حَرْفٍ means And of men is he who serves God standing aloof with respect to religion, in a fluctuating state, like him who is in the outskirts of the army, who, if sure of victory and spoil, stands firm, and otherwise flees: (Ksh, Bd: *) or the meaning is, who serves God in doubt, or suspense, (Zj, K, Jel,) being unsteady like him who alights and abides upon the حَرْف [i. e. point, or ridge, or brow,] of a mountain: (Jel:) or in a state of disquietude respecting his case; (Ibn-'Arafeh, K;) i. e. not entering into the religion firmly, or steadily: (K:) or who serves God in one mode of circumstances; i. e. when in ample circumstances, and not when straitened in circumstances; (Az, S, K;) as though good fortune and plenty were one side, and an evil state were another side: (Az, TA:) [hence,] حَرْفٌ sometimes signifies a mode, or manner, and a way. (Msb.) b2: A letter of the alphabet: pl. حُرُوفٌ: (S, Msb, K:) the letters being thus called because they are the extremities of the word [and of the syllable]. (Kull.) The saying of the lawyers, تُبْطَلُ الصَّلَاةَ بِحَرْفٍ مُفْهِمٍ [Prayer is made null by a significant letter] means only by an imperative of a verb of which the first and last radical letters are infirm; such as فِ from وَفَى, and قِ from وَقَى, and the like. (Msb.) b3: As a grammatical term, (assumed tropical:) [A particle; i. e.] what is used to express a meaning, and is not a noun nor a verb: every other definition of it is bad: (K:) pl. حُرُوفٌ. (Msb, &c.) b4: And (tropical:) A word [absolutely: often used in this sense in lexicons &c.]. (Kull.) b5: A dialect, an idiom, or a mode of expression, peculiar to certain of the Arabs: pl. [of pauc.]

أَحْرُفٌ: so in the saying (of Mohammad, TA) نَزَلَ القُرْآنُ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ أَحْرُفٍ The Kur-án has been revealed according to seven dialects, of the dialects of the Arabs: (A'Obeyd, Az, IAth, K:) or this means, according to seven modes, or manners, (Mgh, Msb,) of reading: whence فُلَانٌ يَقْرَأُ بِحَرْفِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ Such a one reads in the manner of reading of Ibn-Mes'ood. (Mgh.) A2: Applied to a she-camel, (assumed tropical:) Lean, or light of flesh; or lean, and lank in the belly; (S, K;) and firm, strong, or hardy; likened to the حَرْف of a mountain; (S;) or to the حرف of a sword, (Z, O, TA,) in respect of her leanness, or thinness, and her sharpness and effectiveness in pace; (Z, TA;) or to a letter of the alphabet, meaning the letter ا, in respect of her leanness: (TA:) or excellent, or high-bred, or strong and light and swift, sharp and effective in pace, rendered lean by journeyings; likened to the حرف of a sword: (L:) or emaciated: (S, K:) so As used to say: (S:) but this is inconsistent with Dhu-r-Rummeh's description of a she-camel by the epithets جُمَالِيَّةٌ حَرْفٌ سِنَادٌ: (TA:) [see حَرِيثَةٌ:] or [in the CK “ and ”] great; big; of great size; (K, TA;) likened to the حرف of a mountain: (TA:) it is applied only to a she-camel: one may not say جَمَلٌ حَرْفٌ. (IAar, TA.) حُرْفٌ and ↓ حِرْفَةٌ (S, K) and ↓ حُرْفَةٌ (Mgh, K) and ↓ حِرَافٌ (TA) Ill-fatedness; privation of prosperity; or the being denied prosperity; syn. حِرْمَانٌ [as inf. n. of حُرِمَ]: (K, TA:) lack of good fortune, so that one has no increase of his cattle or other property: (S:) debarment from the means of subsistence. (Mgh.) Hence the saying of 'Omar, أَحَدِهِمْ أَشَدُّ عَلَىَّ مِنْ عَيْلَتِهِ ↓ لِحِرْفَةُ, (S, K,) or, accord. to one reading, ↓ لَحُرْفَةُ, (TA,) [Verily the ill-fatedness of any one of them is more distressing to me than his poverty:] i. e., the supplying the wants of the poor man is easier to me than the making the bad to thrive: or the meaning is, the want of the means of gaining subsistence by any one of them, and grief on that account, is more distressing to me than his poverty: so in the Nh. (TA.) A2: الحُرْفُ A certain grain, resembling الخَرْدَل [or mustard]; (Az, Msb, TA;) called by the vulgar, (AHn, TA,) or in the dial. of El-'Irák, (TA in art. رشد,) حَبُّ الرَّشَادِ, (AHn, S, K,) or الرَّشَادُ: (Msb:) n. un. with ة, (TA,) applied to a single grain thereof. (Msb.) [See art. رشد.] Hence حِرِّيفٌ [q. v.]. (S, Msb.) حُرْفَةٌ: see حُرْفٌ, in two places.

حِرْفَةٌ A craft, or handicraft, (S, K, TA,) by which one gains his subsistence; a mode, or manner, of gain; any habitual work or occupation of a man; because he turns (يَنْحَرِفُ, K, i. e. يَمِيلُ, TA) to it; (K, TA;) a subst. from اِحْتَرَفَ: (Mgh, Msb:) pl. حِرَفٌ. (TA.) A2: See also حُرْفٌ, in two places.

حُرْفِىٌّ A seller of الحُرْف, i. e. حَبّ الرَّشَاد. (K.) حِرَافٌ: see حُرْفٌ.

حَرِيفٌ A fellow-worker, syn. مُعَامِلٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) in one's craft or ordinary occupation: (K:) and an associate: (KL:) pl. حُرَفَآءُ. (Msb.) b2: It is mostly used by foreigners as meaning A companion in drinking: and by most of the Turks, as implying vituperation; [like our term “ fel-low; ”] so that when any one of them addresses another by this epithet, he is angry. (TA.) حَرَافَةٌ The quality, or property, of burning, or biting, the tongue; acritude. (S, Msb, TA.) حِرِّيفٌ, from الحُرْفُ, Burning, or biting, to the tongue: (S, Msb, TA:) it is applied in this sense to an onion, and to other things: one should not say حَرِّيفٌ. (S, TA.) مَحْرِفٌ A place to which to turn away, or back, from a thing. (AO, S, K.) So in the saying, مَالِى عَنْ هٰذَا الأَمْرِ مَحْرِفٌ [I have no place to which to turn away, or back, from this thing]. (AO, S, K. *) b2: Also, and ↓ مُحْتَرَفٌ, A place in which a man earns or gains [subsistence], or labours to do so, and employs himself as he pleases, or follows his various pursuits. (K.) مُحْرِفٌ A man whose property increases, and becomes in a good state or condition; or whose cattle increase &c. (S, Msb.) مِحْرَفٌ: see مِحْرَافٌ.

مِحْرَفَةٌ: see مِحْرَافٌ.

مُحَرَّفٌ [pass. part. n. of 2, q. v. b2: ] One whose property has gone. (TA.) b3: A writing-reed nibbed obliquely; having the right tooth of the nib higher [i. e. longer] than the left. (TA.) مُحَرِّفُ القُلُوبِ, applied to God, The Turner, or Incliner, of hearts: or the Mover of hearts: (TA:) or the Remover of hearts. (Fr, TA voce مُحَرِّك, q. v.) مِحْرَافٌ (S, L, K) and ↓ مِحْرَفٌ, (L, TA,) or ↓ مِحْرَفَةٌ, (Akh, TA,) A probe with which the depth of a wound is measured: (S, L, K:) pl. of the first مَحَارِيفُ; and [of the second, or,] accord. to Akh, of the last, مَحَارِفُ. (TA.) مُحَارَفٌ Prevented, or withheld, from obtaining good; withheld from good fortune, or from sustenance; denied, or refused, good, or prosperity; lacking good fortune; having no increase of his cattle or other property; (S, Mgh, * K; *) contr. of مُبَارَكٌ: (S:) or having his gain, or earnings, turned away from him: (Msb:) or who obtains not good from a quarter to which he betakes himself: or scanted in his means of subsistence: or who works not, or labours not, to earn, or gain: or who earns, or gains, with his hands, but not enough for the support of himself and his household or family: (TA:) مُخَارَفٌ and مُجَارَفٌ are dial. vars. thereof. (TA in art. خرف.) مُحْتَرَفٌ: see مَحْرِفٌ.

مُحْتَرِفٌ A handicraftsman; a worker with his hands. (S, TA.) مُتَحَرِّفًا لِقِتَالٍ, in the Kur [viii. 16], means Turning away for the purpose of returning to fight: the doing which is one of the stratagems of war. (Mgh, Msb. *)

حلف

1 حَلَفَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. حَلِفٌ and حَلْفٌ (S, Msb, K) and حِلْفٌ (K) and مَحْلُوفٌ, (S, K,) like مَجْلُودٌ and مَعْقُولٌ and مَعْسُورٌ, (S,) and مَحْلُوفَةٌ (Lth, K) [and مَحْلُوفَآءُ, like مَشْعُورَآءُ, as will be seen from what follows], He swore. (S.) You say, حَلَبَ بِاللّٰهِ [He swore by God]. (Msb.) [And حَلَفَ إِنّهُ كَذَا He swore it was so. and حَلَفَ لَهُ عَلَى كَذَا He swore to him to do such a thing.] And حَلَفَ يَمِينًا (T in art. ثنى, &c.) and عَلَى يَمِينٍ (El-Jámi' es Sagheer voce مَنْ, &c.) [He swore an oath]. And لَا وَمَحْلُوفَائِهِ لَا أَفْعَلُ [No, by the swearing it, (meaning no, I swear it,) I will not do such a thing]. (Ibn-Buzurj, K. *) And مَحْلُوفَةً بِاللّٰهِ, meaning أَحْلِفُ مَحْلُوفَةً, i. e. [I swear] an oath [by God]. (Lth, K.) Accord. to IAth, the primary signification of حَلِفٌ is The act of confederating, or making a compact or confederacy, to aid, or assist; and making an agreement: [but this meaning is afterwards said in the TA to be tropical:] when the object of this, in the time of paganism, was to aid in sedition or the like, and in fighting, and incursions into the territories of enemies, it was forbidden by Mohammad: when the object was to aid the wronged, and for making close the ties of relationship, and the like, he confirmed it. (TA.) 2 حَلَّفَ see 4, in three places.3 حالفهُ عَلَى كَذَا He swore with him respecting, or to do, such a thing. (TA.) b2: Also, (S, * K, * TA,) inf. n. مُحَالَفَةٌ and حِلَافٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) He united with him in a confederacy, league, compact, or covenant, (S, K, TA,) [respecting, or to do, such a thing.] b3: And حالفهُ (tropical:) He clave, clung, kept, or held fast, to it: (K, TA:) see a verse of Aboo-Dhu-eyb in art. خلف, voce خَالَفَ. (TA.) You say, حالف بَثَّهُ, and حُزْنَهُ, (tropical:) He clave to his grief, or sorrow. (TA.) b4: مُحَالَفَةٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) The establishing a brotherhood. (TA.) It is said in a trad., حَالَفَ بَيْنَ قُرَيْشٍ وَالأَنْصَارِ (assumed tropical:) He established a brotherhood between Kureysh and the Assistants. (S, TA.) 4 احلفهُ, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِحْلَافٌ; (Msb;) and ↓ حلّفهُ, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَحْلِيفٌ; (Msb, K;) and ↓ استحلفهُ; all signify the same; (S, Msb, K;) [He made him to swear: and ↓ the last, he asked him, or required him, to swear: and he conjured him, or adjured him; as is shown in the M in art. بلو; (see 8 in that art. in the present work;) and so ↓ the second; as is shown in the explanation of the phrase أُعَمِّرُكَ اللّٰهَ أَنْ تَفْعَلَ in the K and TA:) said [for instance] of a judge. (TA.) You say, بِاللّٰهِ مَا فَعَلَ ↓ استحلفهُ and ↓ حلّفهُ and احلفهُ [He made him to swear by God he did not, or had not done, such a thing]. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] أَحْلَفَ الغُلَامُ The boy passed the time when he had nearly attained to puberty: (K:) so says Lth; adding that some say, قَدْ أُحْلِفَ: and this Z mentions also, and he adds, so that it was doubted whether he had attained to puberty: but Az says that أَحْلَفَ الغُلَامُ in this sense is a mistake; and that it means only he nearly attained to puberty; so that those who looked at him differed in opinion; one saying and swearing that he had attained to puberty, and another saying and swearing the contrary. (TA.) b3: and أَحْلَفَتِ الحَلْفَآءُ The حلفاء attained to maturity. (IAar, K.) [By الحلفاء would seem to be here meant the clamorous female slave: for when this word means a kind of grass, the ا is not that which denotes the fem. gender, but is a letter of quasicoordination, if its n. of un. be حَلْفَآءَةٌ, as in the Msb: but accord. to Sb, it is in this sense sing. and pl.; and as pl., it is fem.; and in a description of it by Aboo-Ziyád, cited by AHn, it is made fem.]6 تحالفوا عَلَى كَذَا They swore, one to another, respecting, or to do, such a thing; as also ↓ احتلفوا. (TA.) b2: And تحالفوا (tropical:) They confederated; or united in a confederacy, league, compact, or covenant. (S. K, TA.) And تحالفا (assumed tropical:) They two united in a confederacy &c. that their case should be one in respect of aiding and defending. (Msb.) and تحالفا بِالأَيْمَانِ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَمْرُهُمَا وَاحِدًا (assumed tropical:) They two united in a confederacy &c., by oaths, that their case should be one. (Lth, TA.) 8 إِحْتَلَفَ see 6.10 إِسْتَحْلَفَ see 4, in three places.

حِلْفٌ (assumed tropical:) A confederacy, league, compact, or covenant, (S, Msb, K,) between persons; (S, K;) as also ↓ حِلْفَةٌ: (Msb:) because it is not concluded, or ratified, but by swearing. (ISd, TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) Friendship; or true, or sincere, friendship. (K.) A2: (tropical:) A confederate of another; one who unites in a confederacy, league, compact, or covenant; (TA;) as also ↓ حَلِيفٌ: (S, Msb, K, TA:) or a friend, or sincere friend, who swears to his companion that he will not act unfaithfully with him: (K:) or a friend, or true friend, is thus called because he so swears; as also ↓ حَلِيفٌ: (TA:) pl. of the former أَحْلَافٌ; (S, * K;) and of the latter حُلَفَآءُ. (TA.) By the احلاف are meant, in a poem of Zuheyr, Asad and Ghatafán; because they united in a confederacy to aid each other; and the same appellation is applied to a party of Thakeef; (S, K;) and to six tribes of Kureysh, namely, 'Abd-ed-Dár, Kaab, Jumah, Sahm, Makhzoom, and 'Adee: (K:) and ↓ الحَلِيفَانِ to Benoo-Asad and Teiyi, (S, O, K,) or Asad and Ghatafán; (ISd, TA;) and Fezárah and Asad also (S, K) are termed حَلِيفَانِ. (S.) حَلَفٌ: see حَلْفَآء.

حَلْفَةٌ An oath. (Msb, TA. *) You say, حَلَفَ حَلْفَةً, (TA,) and ↓ مَحْلُوفَةً, i. e. He swore an oath; (Lth, K;) and ↓ حَلَفَ أُحْلُوفَةً [which means the same]: (Lh, TA:) this last word is of the measure أُفْعُولَة from الحَلِفُ. (K.) b2: See also حِلْفٌ.

حَلَفَةٌ: see حَلْفَآء.

حَلِفَةٌ: see حَلْفَآء. b2: أَرْضٌ حَلِفَةٌ Land abounding with [the kind of grass called] حَلْفَآء; as also ↓ محلفة [app. مَحْلَفَةٌ]: (TA:) or producing حلفاء. (AHn, TA.) حَلْفَآء [app. حَلْفَآءٌ accord. to some, and حَلْفَآءٌ accord. to others, (in the CK, erroneously, حُلَفاء,)], (S, Msb, K, &c.,) in measure like حَمْرَآء, [and if so, حَلْفَآءُ, but see what follows,] (Msb,) and ↓ حَلَفٌ, (Akh, K,) [A kind of high, coarse grass; called by the botanists poa multiflora, and poa cynosuroïdes;] a certain plant, (S, Msb, K,) [growing] in water, (S,) well known, (Msb,) of those termed أَغْلَاث: (TA:) Aboo-Ziyád says of the حلفاء that it seldom grows anywhere but near to water or to the bottom of a valley; and is long, or tall, (سلبة,) rough to the touch; seldom, or never, does any one lay hold upon it, for fear of his hand being cut; sometimes camels and sheep or goats eat a little of it; and it is much liked by oxen: (AHn, TA:) [a coll. gen. n.:] n. un. ↓ حَلَفَةٌ, (S, K,) accord. to Az, (S,) or Aboo-Ziyád, and AHn, (TA,) and ↓ حَلِفَةٌ, (S, K,) accord. to As, (S,) and حَلْفَآءَةٌ, (Msb, K,) like صَحْرَآءَةٌ: (K: [in the CK like صَحْرَةٌ, and omitted in my copy of the TA:]) [this last n. un. requires that the coll. gen. n. should be حَلْفَآءٌ: (see 4, last sentence:) but] Sb says that حلفاء is sing. and pl.: [see شَجَرٌ:] (TA:) [as pl., it is fem.; and it is made fem. in the description by Aboo-Ziyád, cited above:] sometimes it has حَلَافِىُّ for pl.: and its dim. is ↓ حُلَيْفَيَّةٌ. (O, TA.) أَنَا الَّذِي فِى الحَلْفَآءِ, occurring in a trad., means (assumed tropical:) I am the lion; because that beast repairs to the places where the حلفاء grows: and [hence,] كَأَنَّهُ أَخُو الحَلْفَآءِ means (assumed tropical:) As though he were the lion. (TA.) A2: حَلْفَآءُ also signifies A clamorous female slave: (IAar, K:) pl. حُلُفٌ. (K.) حَلِيفٌ: see حِلْفٌ, in three places. b2: (assumed tropical:) Whatever cleaves, clings, keeps, or holds fast, to another thing, is termed its حَلِيف: whence one says, فُلَانٌ حَلِيفُ الجُودِ (assumed tropical:) [Such a one cleaves to liberality], &c. (TA.) You say also, هُوَ حَلِيفُ السَّهَرِ, meaning (tropical:) He is sleepless. (TA.) b3: حَلِيفُ اللِّسَانِ (tropical:) Sharp-tongued; (S, Z, K;) chaste, or eloquent, in speech; (S;) who conforms to the desire of his companion, as though he were a confederate. (Z, TA.) b4: حَلِيفُ الغَرْبِ, in a poem of Sa'ideh Ibn-Ju-eiyeh, (Skr, K, * TA,) means (tropical:) A sharp spear-head, (K,) or a spear with a sharp head: (Skr, TA:) or it means a brisk, lively, or sprightly, horse. (Skr, K.) Az says, سِنَانٌ حَلِيفٌ means (tropical:) A sharp spear-head: and I think that it is termed حليف because the sharpness of its point is likened to the sharpness of the points of [the grass called] حَلْفَآء. (TA.) حَلَافَةٌ (assumed tropical:) Sharpness, in anything. (TA.) وَادٍ حُلَافِىٌّ A valley that produces [the grass called] حَلْفَآء. (Sgh, K.) حُلَيْفِيَّةٌ: see حَلْفَآء.

حَلَّافٌ and حَلَّافَةٌ: see what next follows.

حَالِفٌ [Swearing:] and ↓ حَلَّافٌ that swears much, or often; and so ↓ حَلَّافَةٌ [but in a more intensive sense]. (TA.) مَا أَحْلَفَ لِسَانَهُ (tropical:) How sharp-tongued is he, (K, * TA,) and how chaste, or eloquent, in speech! (TA.) أُحْلُوفَةٌ: see حِلْفَةٌ.

مُحْلِفٌ (tropical:) Anything respecting which one doubts, so that people swear respecting it; (ISd, L, K, TA;) so called because it occasions swearing: (ISd, TA:) such is also termed مُحْنِثٌ. (L.) [Hence,] (tropical:) A boy of whom one doubts whether he have attained to puberty. (IAar, TA.) [and hence] it is said, حَضَارِ وَالوَزْنُ مُحْلَفَانِ (tropical:) [Hadári and El-Wezn are two causes of swearing]: these are two stars: the reason of the saying is that which is explained in art. حضر, voce حَضَارِ. (S, K.) Hence, also, كُمَيْتٌ مُحْلِفَةٌ, (S,) or كميت مُحْلِفٌ, (K,) i. e. (tropical:) [A bay] not of a clear hue; (S, TA;) between that termed أَحْوَى and that termed أَحَمُّ: accord. to the K, of a clear hue; but this is the meaning of غَيْرُ مُحْلِفٍ. (TA.) A poet says, (S,) namely Hubeyreh Ibn-'Abd-Menáf El-Yarboo'ee, also called, after his mother, Ibn-El-Kelhabeh, (IB,) كُمَيْتٌ غَيْرُ مُحْلِفَةٍ وَلٰكِنْ كَلَوْنِ الصِّرْفِ عُلَّ بِهِ الأَدِيمُ [A bay not of a dubious hue, but like the colour of the صرف (q. v.) with which the hide is dyed a second time]; i. e., of a clear hue, so that one does not swear that she is otherwise than such: (S, L:) accord. to IAar, not requiring her owner to swear that he has seen her like in generousness: but the former is the right meaning. (L.) Also نَاقَةٌ مُحْلِفَةٌ (tropical:) A she-camel respecting the fatness of which one doubts. (TA.) محلفة [app. مَحْلَفَةٌ]: see حَلِفَةٌ.

مَحْلُوفَةٌ: see حِلْفَةٌ.

حزق

1 حَزَقَ, (S, K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. حَزْقٌ, (K,) He tied, or bound, a thing (S, K) with a rope: (S:) he tied, or bound, it strongly with a rope. (TA.) b2: He bound, or bound round, a foot, or a man. (K, accord. to different copies.) b3: He strung a bow. (TA.) b4: He pulled, or drew, a bond, and a bow-string, hard, or vehemently. (K.) b5: He, or it, squeezed, pressed, compressed, or pinched, a thing. (K.) You say of a tight boot, حَزَقَ رِجْلَهُ It compressed, or pinched, his foot. (K.) b6: He straitened; made strait, or narrow. (TA.) b7: حَزَقُوا بِهِ They surrounded, encompassed, or encircled, him, or it. (TA.) A2: He broke wind: (K:) said of an ass. (TA.) Hence the saying of 'Alee, in disparagement of the schismatics, حَزْقُ عَيْرٍ حَزْقُ عَيْرٍ; meaning “ the case is not as ye assert: ” said by El-Mufaddal to be a proverbial phrase, applied in relation to a man who relates a piece of information that is not complete nor realized. (TA.) 4 احزقهُ, (K,) inf. n. إِحْزَاقٌ, (TA,) He prevented, withheld, debarred, or forbade, him, (Az, K,) عَنْهُ from it. (TA.) 5 تحزّق i. q. تجمّع [It became collected, brought together, &c.]. (TA.) 7 انحزق i. q. انضمّ [It became drawn, collected, or gathered, together; or drawn and joined, or adjoined; &c.]. (TA.) حِزْقٌ and ↓ حِزْقَةٌ and ↓ حَازِقَةٌ and ↓ حَزِيقٌ and ↓ حَزِيقَةٌ (S, K) and ↓ حَزَاقَةٌ (K) A collection (S, K) of men, and of birds, and of palm-trees, &c. : pl. of the second حِزَقٌ. (S.) حَزَقٌ [Niggardliness, or tenaciousness, of that which is in one's hands]: see حُزُقٌّ.

حِزْقَةٌ: see حِزْقٌ: b2: and see also حَزِيقَةٌ.

حَزُقٌّ: see the next paragraph.

حُزُقٌّ and ↓ حُزُقَّةٌ Short: or short in step by reason of the weakness of his body: (K:) or short, and short in step: (S:) or narrow in judgment: (K:) so As, in explanation of the latter word; applied to a man and to a woman: (TA:) or this signifies short: and short and ugly: and the former, narrow in power and judgment, and avaricious, niggardly, or tenacious: (Sh, T, TA:) and the latter, (AO, TA,) or both, (K,) large-bellied and short, and, in walking, turning about his buttocks; as also ↓ أُحْزُقَّةٌ and ↓ حَزُقَّةٌ: [the last in the CK without teshdeed:] or [in the CK “ and ”] the first two words, and ↓ حَزُقٌّ and ↓ حَزُقَّةٌ, a short man who is short in step by reason of his shortness or of the weakness of his body: or a man niggardly, or tenacious, of that which is in his hands; and the subst. [signifying the quality thus denoted] is ↓ حَزَقٌ: (K:) also evil in disposition, (IAar, K,) and niggardly: (IAar, TA:) and straitened in circumstances: (Sh, K:) or الحُزُقَّةُ [in the CK الحُزَقَةُ] signifies [sometimes] a sort of game; (K;) as in a trad., in which it is said of some girls, لَعِبْنَ الحُزُقَّةَ [They played at the game of الحزقّة]. (TA.) حُزُقَّةٌ حُزُقَّهْ تَرَقَّ عَيْنَ بَقَّهْ (S, TA) is a saying of the Arabs, (S,) explained as meaning Short in step by reason of thy weakness, short in step &c., climb up, [O eye of a gnat or musquito;] and was said, as is related in a trad., by the Prophet, in dancing El-Hasan and El-Hoseyn; whereupon the child would climb up until he placed his feet upon the Prophet's chest: (TA:) حُزُقَّةٌ is for أَنْتَ حُزُقَّةٌ, or يَا حُزُقَّةُ: (IAth, TA:) and تَرَقَّ means اِرْقَى, from رَقِيتُ فِى الدَّرَجَةِ: (S:) and عَيْنَ بَقَّهْ is an allusion to smallness of the eye, (IAth, TA, and Har p. 619,) as being likened to the eye of the gnat or musquito; or denotes smallness of person. (Har.) حَزُقَّةٌ: see حُزُقٌّ, in two places.

حُزُفَّةٌ: see حُزُقٌّ.

حِزَاقٌ Anything with which one ties, binds, or makes fast. (TA.) [The meaning of بِالضُّرُوَرة assigned by Golius to حِزَاقًا is a mistake, occasioned by his misunderstanding a passage in the K, where it is said of a woman that she used حِزَاقًا by poetic license (لِلضَّرُورَةِ) for حَازِوقًا, a proper name of a man.]

حَزِيقٌ: see حِزْقٌ: b2: and see also حَزِيقَةٌ.

حَزَاقَةٌ: see حِزْقٌ.

حَزِيقَةٌ: see حِزْقٌ. b2: Also, (K,) and ↓ حِزْقَةٌ, (TA,) A part, or portion, (K, TA,) [of a swarm] of locusts; (TA;) as also خِرْقَةٌ; (K and TA in art. خرق;) or of anything; (K, TA;) even of wind: (TA:) pl. of the former حَزَائِقُ and حُزُقٌ (K, TA [in the CK حِزَقٌ, which is pl. of حِزْقَةٌ,]) and [coll. gen. n.] ↓ حَزِيقٌ. (K.) b3: And i. q. حَدِيقَةٌ [A walled garden; &c.]: (K:) or the like of a حديقة (Ibn-'Abbád, TA.) حَازِقٌ One who is pinched by a tight boot: (S, K:) of the measure فَاعِلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ. (K.) One says, لَا رَأْىَ لِحَازِقٍ

[No counsel, or advice, is possible to one who is pinched by a tight boot]. (S, TA.) [See also حَاقِنٌ.]

حَازِقَةٌ: see حِزْقٌ.

أُحْزُقَّةٌ: see حُزُقٌّ.

إِبْرِيقٌ مَحْزُوقُ العُنُقِ A narrow-necked ewer. (A, Nh, K.) مُتَحَزِّقٌ Very niggardly or tenacious or avaricious. (S, K.)

حيك

1 حَاكَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. حَيْكٌ and حَيَكٌ and حِيَاكَةٌ, accord. to Lth, signifies He wove a piece of cloth: [and it is said in the K, in art. حوك, that the root of the verb in this sense is with و and with ى:] but Az says that this is a mistake; and that the verb is only حاك having for its aor. ـُ inf. n. حَوْكٌ. (TA. [See, however, what follows.]) A2: حاك, (S, K,) or حاك فِى مِشْيَتِهِ, (TA,) aor. ـِ inf. n. حَيَكَانٌ (S, K) and حَيْكٌ (K) and حَيَكَى (Mbr, TA) [and حِيَاكَةٌ, which see in what follows], He (a man, TA) walked with an elegant and a proud and selfconceited gait, with an affected inclining of the body from side to side, or with a twisting of the back: or he moved about his shoulder-joints and his body in walking, (K, TA,) having much flesh; which manner of walking in women is commended, but in men it is discommended; for the woman walks thus by reason of the largeness of her thighs; but the man, when his thighs, or legs, are wide apart: or, as some say, it signifies he trod the ground vehemently: (TA:) or he moved about his shoulder-joints, and parted his legs widely, in walking, [as short persons do: for] حَيَكَانٌ signifies the manner of walking of him who is short: (S:) or a walking in which a man moves about his posteriors: all which meanings are borrowed from the action of the حَائِك [or weaver, who straddles when at work]: حِيَاكَةٌ, likewise, signifies a walking with an elegant and a proud and self-conceited gait, with an affected inclining of the body from side to side, or with a twisting of the back, and in a lagging manner. (TA.) And you say also, ↓ جآءَ يَتَحَيَّكُ, and ↓ يَتَحَايَكُ, meaning He came walking with his legs parted as though there were something between them. (TA.) A3: حاك, (K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. حَيْكٌ, (TA,) said of a sword, (K,) and of an axe, (TA,) It made an impression, or had effect; as also ↓ احاك. (K, TA.) حاك فِيهِ (S) and فيه ↓ احاك (S, K) and ↓ اَحاكهُ, (K,) said of a sword, signify the same: (S, K:) one says, فِيهِ السَّيْفَ ↓ ضَرَبَهُ فَمَا أَحَاكَ, i. e. [He struck him, but the sword] made no impression, or had no effect, upon him. (S, TA.) And حَاكَت الشَّفْرَةُ The [knife called] شفرة cut; as also ↓ احاكت. (K.) And ما تَحِيكُ المُدْيَةُ اللَّحْمَ [The butcher's knife does not cut the flesh-meat], and ما تحيك فِيهِ: both signify alike. (El-Ámidee, TA.) b2: [Hence,] حاك القَوْلُ فِى القَلْبِ, inf. n. حَيْكٌ, (assumed tropical:) The saying took effect upon the heart; (Sh, S, K, TA;) and became fixed therein. (Sh, TA.) And مَا يَحِيكُ فِيهِ المَلَامُ (assumed tropical:) Blame does not make any impression upon him. (S.) And مَا يَحِيكُ كَلَامُكَ فِى فلَانٍ (assumed tropical:) Thy speech does not make any impression upon such a one. (TA.) And it is said [in a trad., as some read it], الإِثْمُ مَا حَاكَ فِى صَدْرِكَ وَكَرِهْتَ

أَنْ يَطَّلِعَ عَلَيْهِ النَّاسُ (assumed tropical:) Sin is that which makes an impression upon thy mind, and becomes fixed [therein, and with which thou dislikest that men should become acquainted]. (Az, TA. [See also حَكَّ; and see حَزَّ.]) 4 أَحْيَكَ see 1, in five places.5 تَحَيَّكَ see 1.6 تَحَاْيَكَ see 1.8 احتاك, mentioned in this art. in the K: see 5 in art. حوك.

حِيكَى and حَيَكَى: see حَائِكٌ.

حَيْكَانَةٌ and حِيكَانَةٌ and حُيَكَانَةٌ: see حَائِكٌ. The first also signifies A man who walks with his legs parted as though there were something between them. (TA.) And A bulky [lizard such as is called] ضَبَّة; that moves about its shoulder-joints, and parts its legs widely, in going along; (S;) as also the second and third. (Ibn-'Abbád, TA.) حِيَاكَةٌ: see art. حوك.

حُيَيْكَةٌ Short, and thick and compact in body; applied to a woman. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) حَيَّاكٌ and حَيَّاكَةٌ: see حَائِكٌ; for the former, in two places. b2: The latter also signifies A female ostrich; as being likened to the حَائِك in her [manner of] walking. (TA.) حَائِكٌ: see art. حوك. [In the present day, ↓ حَيَّاكٌ signifies the same; i. e. A weaver.]

A2: Also, and ↓ حَيَّاكٌ, applied to a man; and ↓ حَيَّاكَةٌ and ↓ حَيْكَانَةٌ and ↓ حِيكَانَةٌ and ↓ حُيَكَانَةٌ, (K, TA,) and, accord. to the K, ↓ حَيَكَى, but this is an inf. n., and is here a mistake for ↓ حِيكَى, originally حُيْكَى, mentioned by Sb, (TA,) applied to a woman; Walking, or who walks, in the manner denoted by the verb حاك, i. e., with an elegant and a proud and self-conceited gait, &c. (K, TA.) A3: And the first, i. e. حائك, Becoming fixed in the heart, and disquieting one. (Az, TA in art. حوك.) [See 1.]

حجل

1 حَجَلَ, aor. ـُ and حَجِلَ, inf. n. حَجَلَانٌ (S, K) and حَجْلٌ, (K,) He walked having his legs shackled: (S:) or he raised one leg, and went slowly on the other leg: (M, K:) or he went with short steps, like him who has his legs shackled: (Ham p. 221:) and he raised one leg, and hopped on the other: (TA:) it is said of a bird: (S:) and it means, (S, K,) in like manner, (S,) as also ↓ حجّل, (TA,) he leaped in going; (S, K, TA;) said of a crow, or raven; (K, TA;) as leaps (يَحْجُلُ) the camel that is hocked [in one leg] upon three legs, and the boy upon one leg or upon two. (S.) A2: حَجَلَتْ عَيْنُهُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. حُجُولٌ; (K;) and ↓ حجّلت, (As, S. K,) inf. n. تَحْجِيلٌ; (As, S;) His eye sank, or became depressed, in his head; (As, S, K;) said of a man, and of a camel, and of a horse: (TA:) and ↓ حَوْجَلَ, alone, signifies the same; (Ibn-' Abbád, K;) said of a man. (Ibn-' Abbád, TA.) A3: حُجِلَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُ, inf. n. حَجْلٌ, An obstacle was made to intervene between him, or it, and him, or it. (K.) 2 حَجَّلَ [حجّل, inf. n, تَحْجِيلٌ, originally, He ornamented a woman, or her legs, with anklets: and he shackled a man, or a man's legs: see حِجْلٌ. b2: And hence,] حُجِّلَتْ قَوَائِمُهُ, inf. n. تَحْجِيلٌ, said of a horse, His legs were white in the lower parts, the whiteness extending [upwards] beyond the pasterns but not extending beyond the knees and hocks; because they [the lower parts of the leg] are the places of the احجال, i. e., the anklets, and the shackles. (S, TA.) [See تَحْجِيلٌ explained as a simple subst., below.] b3: [Hence also,] حَجَّلَتْ بَنَانَهَا She (a woman) coloured the dye of her fingers, or of the extremities of her fingers. (K, TA.) In the copies of the T, لَوَّثَتْ is put in the place of لَوَّنَتْ, app. by a mistake. (TA.) b4: [Hence also,] تَحْجِيلٌ in the وُضُوْء signifies The washing a portion of the عَضُد [or upper arm, perhaps a mistake for the ذِرَاع, or fore arm,] and a portion of the shank, while washing the hand and foot. (Msb.) b5: [Hence also,] حُجّلَ المقْرَى, (TA,) inf. n. as above, (K,) (tropical:) A little milk, as much as the measure of the تَحْجِيل of a horse, was poured into the bowl for the guest, or guests, and then the bowl was filled up with water; this being done in a case of dearth, or drought, and want of milk: (K, * TA:) or, accord. to As, it means the bowl for the guest, or guests, was concealed in the حَجَلَة, through niggardliness, in order that the owners might drink its contents. (TA.) b6: [Hence also, as تَحْجِيلٌ renders a horse conspicuous,] حَجَّلَ فُلَانٌ أَمْرَهُ (assumed tropical:) Such a one made his case, or affair, notorious, or public. (TA.) b7: See also 1, first sentence.

A2: حَجَّلَهَا, inf. n. as above, He made for her a حَجَلَة: (M, K:) or he brought her, or put her, therein. (O, K.) b2: [And hence حجّل signifies also He concealed a thing in the حَجَلَة: see above.]

A3: See also 1, second sentence.4 احجل البَعِيرَ He loosed the camel's shacklefrom his left fore leg, and fastened it upon the right: (S, O, K:) or, accord. to the M, he loosed it from his right fore leg, and fastened it upon the left. (TA.) Q. Q. 1 حَوْجَلَ: see 1.

حَجْلٌ: see what next follows.

حِجْلٌ and ↓ حَجْلٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and ↓ حِجِلٌ (Sgh, K) and ↓ حِجِلٌّ (K) An anklet; or a pair of anklets; syn. خَلْخَالٌ: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) and the first and second (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and third, as some say, (K,) by a metaphor, (Msb,) (tropical:) a shackle; or a pair of shackles, or hobbles; syn. قَيْدٌ: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) and (assumed tropical:) the two rings of the قَيْد: (K:) pl. [of pauc.]

أَحْحَالٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and [of mult.] حَجُولٌ. (Mgh, Msb, K.) You say, ↓ فِى سَاقَيْهَا حِجِلٌّ [or حِجْلٌ &c.] Upon her legs are anklets. (TA.) And القُيُودُ حُجُولُ الرِّجَالِ وَالحُجُولُ لِرَبَّاتِ الحِجَالِ, i. e. Shackles are the anklets of men; and anklets are [for the mistresses of the curtained canopies, i. e.,] for women. (TA.) And خَرَجَ يَجُرُّ رِجْلَيْهِ وَيُطَابِقُ فِى حِجْلَيْهِ [He went forth dragging his legs, and hobbling in his shackles]. (TA.) and [hence] فَرَسٌ بَادٍ حُجُولُهُ i. q. مُحَجَّلٌ [q. v.]. (TA.) A2: Also, the first, Whiteness: (M, K:) pl. أَحْجَالٌ. (K.) حَجَلٌ [The partridge; or partridges; comprising several species, of which those most commonly known appear to be identical with the Barbary partridge and the Greek partridge; both red-legged: accord. to Forskål, ( “ Descr. Animal.,” pp. vii. and 11,) applied both to this bird, tetrao perdix, and also to the phasianus meleagris:] a well-known bird; (Msb;) i. q. قَبْجٌ: (ISh, S:) or the male of the قَبْج: (K:) or the females of the يَعَاقِيب [pl. of يَعْقُوبٌ, q. v.]: (Lth:) also called دجاج البر [دَجَاجُ البَرِّ]: there are two species; نجد ى [نَجْدِ ىٌّ of Nejd] and تهامى [تِهَامِىٌّ of Tihámeh]: the former species is أَخْضَرُ [here meaning of a dark, or an ashy, dust-colour], with red feet [or legs]; the latter, of the former colour intermixed with white: but نجدى is found used for the male: and غرغرة and بنت السعد ى, for the female: (Dmr, cited by Freytag:) a single bird of the kind is called ↓ حَجَلَةٌ: (S, Msb, K:) حَجَلٌ is a pl., as also حِجْلَانٌ and ↓ حِجْلَى; (S;) or [rather] حَجَلٌ is a coll. gen. n., (Msb, K,) and the pl., (Msb,) or quasi-pl. n., (K,) is ↓ حِجْلَى (Msb, K;) which is the only instance of its kind except ظِرْبَى: (S, K: in a copy of the Msb ظئرى:) its flesh is of moderate temperament. (K, TA,) more delicate than that of the دُرَّاج and that of the فَوَاخِت, and very fattening: (TA:) the swallowing half a mithkál of its liver is good for the epilepsy; and the introduction of its gall-bladder into the nose once in every month sharpens the intellect greatly, and strengthens the sight: (K:) its flesh is good for the dropsy, benefits the stomach, and increases the venereal faculty. (Ibn-Seenà, TA.) b2: Also, (S,) or ↓ حَجَلَةٌ, of which حَجَلٌ is pl., (K,) or حَجَلَةٌ is n. un. of حَجَلٌ, [which is a coll. gen. n.,] (S,) The young offspring of camels; the little ones thereof. (S, K.) b3: دِبِّى حَجَلْ A certain game (Fr, K) of the Arabs of the desert. (Fr.) A2: See also حَجَلَةٌ.

حِجِلٌ: see حِجْلٌ, in three places.

حِجِلٌّ: see حِجْلٌ, in three places.

حَجَلَةٌ [A kind of curtained canopy or alcove or the like, prepared for a bride;] a thing like a قُبَّة: (M, K:) and a place, (K,) or a tent, or pavilion, or chamber, (بَيْتٌ,) (S,) adorned with cloths (S, K) and with raised couches (S) and with curtains, for a bride: (S, K:) or the curtain of the bride, within a بَيْت [meaning tent, or pavilion, or chamber]: (Mgh:) pl. حِجَالٌ (S, Mgh, K) and [coll. gen. n.] ↓ حَجَلٌ. (K.) [See أَرِيكَةٌ, and مِنَصَّةٌ.]

A2: See also حَجَلٌ, in two places.

حِجْلَى: see حَجَلٌ, in two places.

حَجْلَآءُ, applied to a ewe, (S, * K, * TA,) Whose fore and hind shanks are white, (S, K, TA,) and the rest of her black: os in the M and O. (TA.) [See also خَدْمَآءُ, voce أَخْدَمُ.]

حَجِيلٌ A horse that is مُحَجًّل [q. v.] in three legs. (Fr, Kudot.) حَاجِلٌ [part. n. of حَجَلَ] has for its pl. حُجَّلٌ, which is applied by Jereer to crows or ravens [as meaning Leaping in going, as though shackled]. (TA.) [The fem. pl.] حَاجِلَاتٌ is also applied to camels, (Sudot, Kudot,) meaning That have been smitten in their legs, (Sudot,) or that have been ham strung, (Kudot,) and in consequence walk not on all of their legs. (Sudot, Kudot.) حَوْجَلَةٌ (Sudot, Kudot, &c.) and حَوْجَلَّةٌ, (M, Kudot,) like حَوْصَلَةٌ and حَوْصَلَّةٌ, and دَوْخَلَةٌ and دَوْخَلَّةٌ, &c., (TA,) A flask, or bottle; syn. قَارُورةٌ: (Kudot:) or a small قارورة with a wide head, (S, M, O,) [the head] resembling a سُكُرُّجَة and the like: (M, TA:) or a قارورة large in the lower part: (K:) or one like the قَوَارِير of [the kind of perfume called] ذَرِيرَة: (TA:) pl. حَوَاجلُ and حَوَاجِيلُ; (M, K;) in the latter of which, the ى may be inserted by poetic license, or as a substitute for one of the ل s in حوجلّة. (M, TA.) [See also حَوْقَلَةٌ.]

تَحْجِيلٌ [inf. n. of 2, q. v.: and also used as a simple subst., signifying] Whiteness in the legs of a horse, (S, K,) all of them; (K;) or in three of the legs: (S;) in the two hind legs and a fore leg; (K;) or in a hind leg and the two fore legs; (TA;) or in the two hind legs (S, K) only; (K;) or in one hind leg only; (K;) but not in the two fore legs alone, nor in one fore leg without the other, unless with the two hind legs, (AO, S, K, TA,) or with one hind leg; (A O, S, TA;) whether little or much, so that it extends [upwards] beyond the pastern but not beyond the knee and hock. (S.) b2: Also A whiteness in a she-camel's teats, occasioned by the صِرَار [q. v.]. (K.) b3: And, accord. to ISk and the K, A certain mark made with a hot iron upon a came;: but Sgh says that the right word is تَحْجِينٌ, with ن. (TA.) مُحَجَّلٌ Wearing أَحْجَال, i. e. anklets; [or adorned therewith;] applied to a woman [without ة because men do not wear anklets]: if applied to a man, shackled. (Ham p. 238.) b2: [and hence,] applied to a horse, (S Mgh, Msb, K,) Having what is termed تَحْجِيلٌ, as explained in the first sentence of the paragraph next preceding; (S, K;) as also ↓ مَحْجُولٌ: (K:) white in the place of the anklet, and above that; wherefore the horse is thus termed: (Ham p. 53:) having his legs, (Mgh, Msb,) all four, (Mgh,) white; the whiteness extending [upwards] beyond the pasterns, (Mgh, Msb,) to a third, (Mgh,) or to half, (Mgh, Msb,) or thereabout, (Msb,) or to two thirds, (Mgh,) of the shank. (Mgh, Msb.) When the whiteness is in all the four legs, he is termed مُحَجَّلُ أَرْبَعٍ: when in the two hind legs, مُحَجَّلُ الرِّجْلَيْنِ: when in one of the hind legs, extending [upwards] beyond the pastern, مُحَجَّلُ الرِّجْلِ اليُمْنَى: when in three legs, exclusive of a hind leg or of a fore leg, اليُسْرَى

ثَلَاثٍ مُطْلَقُ يَدٍ or رِجْلٍ: when in the fore leg and hind leg of one side, مُمْسَكُ الأَيَامِنِ مُطْلَقُ الأَيَاسِرِ or مُمْسَكُ الأَيَاسِرِ مُطْلَقُ الأَيَامِنِ: when on opposite sides, whether little or much, مَشْكُولٌ. (S.) Hence, in a trad., أُمَّتِى الغُرُّ المُحَجَّلُونَ يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ مِنْ آثَارِ الوُضُوْءِ (assumed tropical:) [My followers will be those having a whiteness on the forehead and on the wrists and ankles, on the day of resurrec tion, from the effects of the ablution for prayer]. (TA.) [Hence also, because the horse that is مَحَجَّل is conspicuous,] رَكِبَ الشَّادِخَةَ المُحَجَّلَةَ (assumed tropical:) He committed a bad and notorious deed. (S in art. شدخ, q. v.) And the saying of El-Jaadee, satirizing Leylà El-Akhyaleeyeh, فَقَدْ رَكِبَتْ أَمْرًا أَغَرَّ مُحَجَّلَا (assumed tropical:) [For she has committed a glaring, notorious deed]. (Az, TA.) And يَوْمٌ أَغَرُّ مُحَجَّلٌ (assumed tropical:) A day bright and beaming with happiness and cheerfulness. (Har p. 377.) b3: Also A she-camel's udder having a whiteness in the teats, occasioned by the صِرَار [q. v.]. (K.) A2: A woman who keeps, or cleaves, to the حِجَال [pl. of حَجَلَةٌ]: and in like manner, a man; meaning (assumed tropical:) one who keeps much, or habitually, to the company of women. (Ham p. 238.) مَحْجُولٌ see مُحَجَّلٌ.

حجم

1 حَجَمَ said of the breast of a woman or girl: see 4.

A2: حَجَمَ, (ISk, S, K,) aor. ـُ and حَجِمَ, inf. n. حَجْمٌ, (K,) He (a child, ISk, S, TA) sucked (ISk, S, K) the breast of his mother. (ISk, S, TA.) b2: [Hence,] حَجَمَهُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. حَجْمٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) He scarified him [and drew blood from him with the مِحْجَمَة; i. e. he cupped him]; (Msb;) he performed upon him the operation of the حَجَّام, (Mgh,) or, of the حَاجِم, (S,) who sucks the mouth of the مِحْجَمَة [to draw the blood]. (Az, TA.) b3: And [hence,] حَجَمَتْهُ الحَيَّةُ (assumed tropical:) The serpent bit him. (TA.) And حَجَمَتِ الفُحُولُ العَيْرَ (tropical:) The stallions bit the ass. (TA.) And حَجَمَ العَظْمَ, (TA,) inf. n. as above, (K,) (assumed tropical:) He ate off the flesh from the bone. (K, TA.) A3: حَجَمَ البَعِيرَ, (S, Msb, TA,) aor. ـُ (S TA,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) He put a حِجَام upon the mouth [or muzzle] of the camel, when excited, in order that he might not bite; (S, TA;) [he muzzled the camel;] he bound the camel's mouth [or muzzle] with a thing. (Msb.) b2: Hence, (Har p. 474,) حَجَمْتُهُ عَنِ الشَّىْءِ, (S, Msb, * TA,) and عَنْ صَاحِبَتِهِ, (TA,) inf. n. as above, (K,) I made him to refrain, forbear, abstain, (S, TA,) or go back; (Msb;) or I withheld him, or restrained him; (S, K, TA;) from the thing, (S, TA,) and from his female companion. (TA.) And حَجَمَ طَرْفَهُ عَنْهُ He turned away his eye, or eyes, from him, or it. (TA.) And عَنْ حَاجَتِهِ ↓ أَحْجَمْتُهُ is also mentioned, as meaning I withheld him from the object of his want; or prevented him from attaining it. (TA.) 2 حجّم: see 4. b2: Also, inf. n. تَحْجِيمٌ, (tropical:) He looked hard: (K, TA:) and so, accord. to Az جَمَّحَ. (TA.) 4 احجم It (the breast of a woman or girl) was, or became, swelling, prominent, or protuberant; (Mgh, K;) as also ↓ حَجَمَ, inf. n. حَجْمٌ: (K:) or was, or became, round, and swelling, prominent, or protuberant; as also ↓ حجّم: (A, TA:) properly, became such as to have what is termed حَجْمٌ, (Mgh, TA,) meaning projection, protrusion, prominence, or protuberance, and elevation: (Mgh:) or, as some say, became such that the suckling might suck it. (TA.) b2: أَحْجَمَتْ لِلْمَوْلُودِ (tropical:) She (a woman) suckled the new-born child for the first time. (K, TA.) A2: احجم عَنْهُ He refrained, forbore, abstained, or desisted, from it; (S, K;) quasi-pass. of حجَمْتُهُ, like as أَكَبَّ is of كَبَبْتُهُ; which are extr. of their kind; (S;) and اجحم عنه signifies the same; (S in art. جحم;) but is a rare dial. var.: (Har p. 95:) or he drew back from it, or him, in awe, or fear: (K, TA:) or he receded, or drew back, form it; namely, a thing, or an affair: (Msb:) and أَحْجَمْتُ عَنِ القَوْمِ I dreaded, or feared, the people, or party, and returned, and left them, after I had desired to go to them. (Az, Msb.) b2: احجم also signifies He (a man) advanced, or went forward; and so اجحم: both of these verbs thus having two contr. meanings. (MF.) A3: See also 1, last sentence.8 احتجم He performed the operation of cupping: (MA, KL, PS:) [or rather he had that operation performed upon him; or had blood drawn from him by that operation; a quasi-pass. verb, like افتصد and اكتوى and احترق and countless others:] or he sought, or demanded, the performance of that operation [upon himself]. (K TA.) One says, اِحْتَجَمْتُ مِنَ الدَّمِ [app. meaning I had some of the blood drawn from me by cupping]. (S.) A2: He (a camel) was withheld, or restrained, or prevented, from biting [by being muzzled]. (TA.) حَجْمٌ A rising, protuberant, or prominent, part of a thing: (S:) a projection, protrusion, prominence, or protuberance; (S, Mgh;) and a rising, or an elevation: (Mgh:) or the part of a thing that one feels beneath his hand: (ElGhooree, Mgh:) or the part of a thing that one feels projecting, protruding, prominent, or protuberant, beneath his hand: pl. حُجُومٌ. (K.) One says, لَيْسَ لِمِرْفَقِهِ حَجْمٌ There is no projection, protrusion, prominence, or protuberance, to his elbow. (S.) Lh says that حَجْمُ العَظْمِ means One's perceiving the feel of the bones [or bone] behind the skin: thus explaining it after the manner of explaining inf. ns.: and ISd says, I known not whether it be in his opinion an inf. n. or a simple subst. (TA.) And Lth says that الحَجْمُ meansOne's perceiving the feel of a thing beneath a garment: [and that] one says, مَسَسْتُ بَطْنَ الحُبْلَى فَوَجَدْتُ حَجْمَ الصَّبِىِّ فِى بَطْنِهَا [which plainly means, I felt the belly of the pregnant woman, and perceived the bulging of the child in her belly]. (Mgh, TA.) It is said [of a woman's garment] in a trad., لَا يَصِفُ حَجْمَ عِظَامِهَا [lit. (tropical:) It does not describe the projecting of her bones]: meaning, the garment does not stick to her body so as to tell what projects of her bones: it is made to be a describer by way of comparison. (IAth, TA.) b2: [In post-classical works it is often used as signifying Bulk, bigness, or magnitude.]

حَجَامٌ [A muzzle for a camel, commonly a net of cord;] a thing that is put upon the mouth, or muzzle, of a camel, (S, K,) when he is excited, (S,) to prevent his biting. (S, K.) حَجُومٌ Gentle, nice, or skilful, in operation; syn. رَفِيقٌ [in the CK, erroneously, رَقِيقٌ] as an epithet applied to a حَاجِم [or cupper]; as also ↓ مِحْجَمٌ. (K.) b2: (tropical:) The فَرْج [meaning vulva, or vagina,] of a woman. (K, TA.) حِجَامَةٌ The craft, or art, of the حَاجِم or حَجَّام [i. e. cupper]: (S, * Mgh, Msb, K:) and the operation that he performs. (S, * TA.) حَجَّامٌ A cupper; syn. مَصَّاصٌ [lit. one who is in the habit of sucking]; (K;) one who performs the operation termed حَجْمٌ; (S, Mgh;) one who scarifies [and draws blood with the مِحْجَمَة]; (Msb;) as also ↓ حَاجِمٌ; (S, Msb, K;) but the former is an intensive epithet [denoting frequency or habit]: (Msb:) so called because he sucks the mouth of the مِحْجَمَة. (Az, TA.) Hence the prov. أَفْرَغُ مِنْ حَجَّامِ سَابَاطَ [More unoccupied than the cupper of Sábát (the name of a place)]: for military forces used to pass by the man to whom it relates, and he used to cup them on credit, in consequence of want of employment, waiting for payment until they should return. (S: more fully explained in the K in art. سبط.) حَاجِمٌ: see what next precedes.

حَوْجَمٌ: see what next follows.

حَوْجَمَةٌ The red rose: (K:) or [rather] a single red rose: (A'Obeyd, S:) pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] ↓ حَوْجَمٌ. (A'Obeyd, S, S, K.) مَحْجَمٌ, (Mgh, Msb,) or ↓ مَحْجَمَةٌ, (TA,) The place to which the مِحْجَمَة is applied, (Mgh, Msb, * TA,) in the neck: (Mgh, TA:) pl. مَحَاجِمُ. (Mgh, Msb.) مِحْجَمٌ The scarifying instrument of the حَجَّام. (IAth, TA.) b2: See also مِحْجَمَةٌ.

A2: And see حَجُومٌ.

مَحْجَمَةٌ: see مَحْجَمٌ.

مِحْجَمَةٌ and ↓ مِحْجَمٌ The قَارُورَة [or glass vessel, or the like,] of the حَجَّام; (Az, S, Mgh, Msb;) the thing with which the حَجَّام operates; (K;) the utensil in which the blood produced by the operation of حِجَامَة is collected by sucking: (IAth, TA:) pl. مَحَاجِمُ. (TA.) مِحْجَامٌ A man (TA) who draws back much, or often, in awe, or fear. (K, TA.) مَحْجُومٌ A breast sucked. (TA.) b2: A man [cupped, or] operated upon by the حَاجِم (S.) A2: A camel [muzzled, or] having a حِجَامَ put upon his mouth [or muzzle] in order that he may not bite. (S.)

حسن

1 حَسُنَ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.,) which may also be written and pronounced حَسْنَ, with the dammeh suppressed, (S,) and حَسَنَ, (K,) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. حُسْنٌ (S, * Msb, K, * TA) and حُسْنَى, (Ham p. 657, and Bd in ii. 77,) He, or it (a thing, S, Msb), had, or possessed, the quality termed حَسْنٌ [which see below; i. e., was, or became, good, or goodly, (generally the latter,) beautiful, comely, or pleasing, &c.; and ↓ تحسّن often signifies the same, as in the phrase تحسّن عِنْدَهُ it was, or became, good, &c., in his estimation]: (S, K, TA:) and [in like manner] زَيْدٌ ↓ أَحْسَنَ means Zeyd became possessed of حُسْن. (Mughnee in art. بِ.) b2: One may not say حُسْنَ, transferring the dammeh of the س to the ح and making the former letter quiescent, except in one case; because it is [virtually, together with its agent expressed or implied, in this case,] a predicate: [see I'Ak p. 234:] this is allowable only in the case of a verb of praise or dispraise; حُسْنَ, in respect of the transference of the medial vowel, being likened to نِعْمَ and بِئْسَ, which are originally نَعِمَ and بَئِسَ: and thus one does in all verbs like these two in meaning: a poet says, لَمْ يَمْنَعِ النَّاسُ مِنِّى مَا أَرَدْتُ وَ مَا

أُعْطِيهِمُ مَا أَرَادُوا حُسْنَ ذَا أَدَبَا [Men have not withheld from me what I have desired, nor do I give them what they have desired: good, or very good, is this as a mode of conduct!]: meaning حَسُنَ هٰذَا أَدَبًا. (S, TA.) Yousay also, حَسُنَ زَيْدٌ, [meaning Good, or goodly, &c., or very good &c., is Zeyd! or] meaning بِهِ ↓ أَحْسِنْ [i. e. how good, or goodly, &c., is Zeyd! as also ↓ مَا أَحْسَنَهُ]. (B, TA in art. بِ.) 2 حسّنهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. تَحْسِينٌ, (S,) He made it, or rendered it, حَسَن [i. e. good, or goodly, (generally the latter,) beautiful, comely, or pleasing, &c.]; (K;) he beautified, embellished, or adorned, it; (S, TA;) as also ↓ احسنهُ. (TA.) You say, الحَلَّاقُ رَأْسَهُ ↓ أَحْسَنَ The shaver beautified, or trimmed, his head. (TA.) And الَّذِى

كُلَّ شَىْءٍ خَلَقَهُ ↓ أَحْسَنَ [Who hath made good, or goodly, everything that He hath created], in the Kur [xxxii. 6], means حَسَّنَ خَلْقَ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ [hath made good, or goodly, the creation of everything]. (TA.) b2: [See also تَحْسِينٌ.] b3: And see 10.3 إنِّى أُحَاسِنُ بِكَ النَّاسَ (S, TA) Verily I contend with men for thy superiority in حُسْن [i. e. goodness, or goodliness, &c.]. (TA.) [حَاسَنَ followed by an accus. is rendered by Golius, as on the authority of J, who gives no explanation of it, “Bene tractavit et egit. ”]4 احسن as an intrans. v.: see 1. b2: Also He did that which was حَسَن [meaning good, comely, or pleasing; he acted well]; (Msb;) he did a good deed: (Er-Rághib, TA:) [for] إِحْسَانٌ is the contr. of إِسَآءَةٌ: (K:) it differs from إِنْعَامٌ in being to oneself and to another; whereas the latter is only to another: (TA:) and it surpasses عَدْلٌ, inasmuch as it means the giving more than one owes, and taking less than is owed to one; whereas the latter means the giving what one owes, and taking what is owed to one. (Er-Rághib, TA.) You say, أَحْسَنْتُ إِلَيْهِ and بِهِ [I acted, or behaved, with goodness, well, or in a good or comely or pleasing manner, towards him; did good to him; benefited him; conferred a benefit, or benefits, upon him]: both signify the same: (S, TA:) and hence, in the Kur [xii. 101], قَدْ أَحْسَنَ بِى

إِذَ أَخْرَجَنِى مِنَ السِّجْنِ meaning إِلَىَّ [i. e. He hath acted well towards me, when he brought me forth from the prison]: (AHeyth, Az:) or, accord. to some, the verb in this case is made to import the meaning of لَطَفَ [which is trans. by means of بِ, i. e. He hath acted graciously with me]. (Mughnee in art. بِ.) b3: الإِحْسَانُ is also explained as meaning الإِخْلَاصُ [i. e. The being sincere, or without hypocrisy; or the asserting oneself to be clear of believing in any beside God]; which is a condition of the soundness, or validity, of الإِيمَان and الإِسْلَام together: and as denoting watchfulness, and good obedience: and as meaning the continuing in the right way, and following the way which those [of the righteous] who have gone before have trodden; this last being said to be the meaning in the Kur ix. 101. (TA.) A2: As a trans. v.: see 2, in three places. b2: احسنهُ also signifies (tropical:) He knew it: (S, K, TA:) [or] he knew it well; (Er-Rághib, Msb;) and so احسن بِهِ, as in the saying, هُوَ يُحْسِنُ بِالعَرَبِيَّةِ (assumed tropical:) He knows well the Arabic language. (MA.) Hence the saying of 'Alee, قِيمَةُ المَرْءِ مَا يُحْسِنُهُ (tropical:) [The value of the man is what he knows, or knows well]. (TA.) النَّاسُ أَبْنَآءُ مَا يُحْسِنُونَ is another saying of 'Alee, meaning (tropical:) Men are named, or reputed, in relation to what they know, and to the good deeds that they do. (TA.) b3: أَحْسِنْ بِهِ and مَا أَحْسَنَهُ: see 1, last sentence. You say also, ↓ مَا أُحَيْسِنَهُ [i. e. How very good, or goodly, &c., is he!]; using the dim. form; like مَا أُمَيْلِحَهُ [q. v.]. (S and K in art. ملح.) A3: Also He (a man, IAar) sat upon a high hill, or heap, of sand, such as is termed حَسَنٌ. (IAar, K.) 5 تحسّن: see 1. b2: Also i. q. تَجَمَّلَ [i. e. He beautified, embellished, or adorned, himself: and he affected what is beautiful, goodly, or comely, in person, or in action or actions or behaviour, or in moral character, &c.]. (TA.) [تَحَسَّنَتْ, said of a woman, occurs, in the former sense, in the S and K in art. رعد, and in the TA in art. نقط, &c.]

b3: دَخَلَ الحَمَّامَ فَتَحَسَّنَ He entered the hot bath and was shaven. (TA.) 6 تحاسن [He affected to be حَسَن (i. e. good, goodly, beautiful, comely, &c.), not being really so]. (A in art. صبح. [See 6 in that art.]) 10 استحسنهُ He counted, accounted, reckoned, or esteemed, him, or it, حَسَن [i. e. good, goodly, beautiful, comely, pleasing, &c.; he approved, thought well of, or liked, him, or it]; (S, K;) as also ↓ حسّنهُ, inf. n. تَحْسِينٌ. (Har p. 594.) Hence the saying, صَرْفُ هٰذَا اسْتِحْسَانٌ وَ المَنْعُ قِيَاسٌ [The making this word perfectly declinable is approvable, but the making it imperfectly declinable is agreeable with analogy]. (TA.) حُسْنٌ (S, K, &c.) and ↓ حُسُنٌ, which is of the dial. of El-Hijáz, and ↓ حَسَنٌ, (MF, TA,) Goodness, or goodliness, [generally the latter,] beauty, comeliness, or pleasingness; contr. of قُبْحٌ: (S:) i. q. جَمَالٌ: (K:) but accord. to As, [when relating to the person,] حُسْنٌ is in the eyes, and جَمَالٌ is in the nose: (TA:) symmetry; or just proportion of the several parts of the person, one to another: (Kull:) or anything, moving the mind, that is desired, or wished for; such as is approved by the intellect; and such as is approved by natural desire; and such as is approved by the faculty of sense: in the common conventional language, mostly applied to what is approved by the sight: in the Kur, mostly to what is approved by mental perception: it is in accidents as well as in substances: (Er-Rághib, TA:) the pl. is ↓ مَحَاسِنُ, (S, K,) like مَلَامِحُ pl. of لَمْحَةٌ, and مَشَابِهُ pl. of شَبَهٌ, &c., (Har p. 9,) contr. to rule, (S, K,) as though pl. of ↓ مَحْسَنٌ or ↓ مُحْسَنٌ: (S accord. to different copies:) or, accord. to Lh and Eth-Tha'álibee, مَحَاسِنُ has no proper sing. (TA.) وَ قُولُوا لِلنَّاسِ حُسْنًا, in the Kur [ii. 77], means And say ye to men a saying having in it goodness (قَوْلًا ذَا حُسْنٍ): or حُسْنًا may mean حَسَنًا: (Zj, TA:) and some read here حَسَنًا: and some, حُسُنًا, accord. to the dial. of El-Hijáz: and some, ↓ حُسْنَى, as an inf. n., like بُشْرَى: (Bd:) but AHát and Zj disallow this; the former saying that حُسْنَى is like فُعْلَى [as fem. of أَفْعَلُ denoting the comparative and superlative degrees], and therefore should have the article ال. (TA.) وَ وَصَّيْنَا الإِنْسَانَ بِوَالِدَيْهِ حُسْنًا, in the Kur [xxix. 7], means [in like manner] And we have enjoined man to do to his two parents what is good (مَا يَحْسُنُ حُسْنًا): (TA:) and here [also] some read حَسَنًا; and some, إِحْسَانًا. (Bd.) [See another ex. of a similar kind, from the Kur xviii. 85, voce إِمَّا, near the beginning of the paragraph.] b2: سِتُّ الحُسْنِ [The convolvulus caïricus of Linn.; abundant in the gardens of Cairo;] a certain plant that twines about trees and has a beautiful flower. (TA.) b3: See also حَسَنٌ.

حَسَنٌ Having, or possessing, the quality termed حُسْنٌ [which see above; good, or goodly, (generally the latter,) beautiful, comely, pleasing or pleasant, &c.]; (Msb, K, TA;) either intrinsically, as when applied to belief in God and in his attributes; or extrinsically, as when applied to war against unbelievers, for this is not good in itself: said to be the only epithet of its measure except بَطَلٌ: (TA:) and ↓ حَسِينٌ signifies the same, (IB, K,) because from حَسُنَ, like عَظِيمٌ and كَريِمٌ from عَظُمَ and كَرُمَ, (IB, TA,) and ↓ حُسَانٌ, (K,) but this is an intensive epithet, [signifying very good or goodly &c.,] (IB, TA,) and ↓ حُسَّانٌ, (K,) also an intensive epithet, (S, IB,) and ↓ حَاسِنٌ, (K,) [properly signifying being, or becoming, good or goodly &c.,] cited by Lh as used in a future sense, (TA,) and ↓ مُحَسَّنٌ as applied to a face: (K:) the fem. is حَسَنَةٌ, and ↓ حَسْنَآءُ, applied to a woman, (S, Msb, K,) though the corresponding masc. of this latter, namely, ↓ أَحْسَنُ, is [said to be] not used (S, K) as applied to a man [in the sense of حَسَنٌ], (S,) [but the phrase هُوَ أَحْسَنُهُمْ وَجْهًا as meaning حَسَنُهُمْ وَجْهًا is mentioned in the S in art. بيض, (see بَيَاضٌ, and see also the pl. أَحَاسِنُ in what here follows,)] and ↓ حُسَّانَةٌ: (S, K:) the pl. masc. is حِسَانٌ, (Msb, K,) pl. of حَسَنٌ used as an epithet; but when حَسَنٌ is used as a [proper] name, its pl. is حَسَنُونَ; (Msb;) and حِسَانٌ may also be pl. of حَسِينٌ; (TA;) and حُسَّانُونَ, (Sb, K,) pl. of ↓ حُسَّانٌ, which has no broken pl.: (Sb:) and أَحَاسِنُ القَوْمِ means حِسَانُهُمْ [the good, or goodly, &c., of the party, or company of men]: (K:) the pl. fem. is حِسَانٌ, (K,) like the masc., pl. of حَسْنَآءُ, and the only instance of its kind except عِجَافٌ, pl. of عَجْفَآءُ. (TA.) You say رَجُلٌ حَسَنٌ بَسَنٌ [A man very good or goodly &c.], using بسن as an imitative sequent [for the purpose of corroboration]. (S.) b2: [حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ A tradition of good authority; generally applied to one transmitted in the first instance by two or more relaters. b3: Also meaning Good, comely, goodhumoured, pleasing, or pleasant, discourse or talk.] b4: الحَسَنُ The bone that is next to the elbow; as also ↓ الحُسْنُ: (K:) or the extremity of the bone of the upper half of the arm next the shoulder-joint, because of the abundance of flesh that is upon it; the extremity of that bone next the elbow being called القَبِيحُ: (TA in art. قبح:) or the upper part of that bone; the lower part thereof being called القبيح. (Fr, TA in that art.) b5: A kind of tree, of beautiful appearance, (K, TA,) also called the أَلآء, that grows in rows upon a hill, or heap, (كَثِيب,) of sand; so called because of its beauty; whence the كثيب is called نَقَا الحَسَنِ: thus described by Az, on the authority of 'Alee Ibn-Hamzeh. (TA.) b6: [And hence, perhaps,] حَسَنٌ signifies also A high كَثِيب [or hill, or heap, of sand]: (IAar, K:) whence it is used as a [proper] name of a boy. (IAar, TA.) A2: See also حُسْنٌ, first sentence.

الحُسَنُ: see أَحْسَنُ.

حُسُنٌ: see حُسْنٌ, first sentence.

حِسْنَةٌ A ledge (رَيْدٌ) projecting from a mountain: pl. حِسَنٌ. (K.) حَسَنَةٌ fem. of حَسَنٌ [q. v.]. (S, Msb, K.) b2: Also, [used as a subst., or as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant, A good act or action;] an act of obedience [to God; often particularly applied to an alms-deed]: (Ksh and Bd in iv. 80:) and the reward [of a good action]: (Er-Rághib, TA:) a good, benefit, benefaction, boon, or blessing: (Ksh and Bd ibid.:) contr. of سَيِّئَةٌ [in all these senses]: (S, K:) as contr. of this latter word, it signifies any rejoicing, or gladdening, good or benefit &c. that betides a man in his soul and his body and his circumstances: (Er-Rághib, TA:) pl. حَسَنَاتٌ: (K, and Kur vii. 167, &c.:) it has no broken pl. (TA.) Hence, in the Kur iv. 80, it means Abundance of herbage, or of the goods, conveniences, and comforts, of life; ampleness of circumstances; and success: and سَيِّئَة there means the contr. of these. (Er-Rághib, TA.) In the Kur xi. 116, الحَسَنَات is said to mean The five daily prayers, as expiating what has been between them. (TA.) b3: As an epithet, [fem. of حَسَنٌ,] it is applied to an accident as well as to a substance. (Er-Rághib, TA.) حُسْنَى: see حُسْنٌ, and أَحْسَنُ; the latter, in three places.

حَسْنَآءُ: see حَسَنٌ.

حُسَانٌ: see حَسَنٌ.

حَسِينٌ: see حَسَنٌ.

حُسَيْنٌ [dim. of حَسَنٌ. b2: Also] A high mountain: whence it is used as a [proper] name of a boy. (TA.) حُسَيْنَى One's utmost, [or rather one's best,] or the utmost of one's power or ability or deed or case: so in the saying, حُسَيْنَاهُ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ كَذَا [His utmost, or best, &c., is, or will be, the doing such a thing]: and ↓ حُسَيْنَاؤُهُ means the same. (K, * TA.) حُسَيْنَآءُ: see what next precedes.

A2: Also A kind of tree, with small leaves. (K.) حُسَّانٌ; and its fem., with ة: see حَسَنٌ, in three places.

حَاسِنٌ: see حَسَنٌ. b2: [Hence,] الحَاسِنُ The moon. (AA, S.) أَحْسَنُ, fem. حَسْنَآءُ, pl. أَحَاسِنُ: see حَسَنٌ. b2: الأَحْسَنُ denotes the comparative and superlative degrees [of حُسْنٌ]; as in the phrase هُوَ الأَحْسَنُ [He, or it, is the better, and best; or the more, and most, goodly or beautiful or comely &c.]: (K:) ↓ الحُسْنَى is the fem.; as in the phrase الأَسْمَآءُ الحُسْنَى The best names; those of God; which are ninety and nine: (Jel in vii. 179:) it signifies the contr. of السُّوْءَى: (S, K:) the pl. of الأَحْسَنُ is الأَحَاسِنُ. (K.) In the saying, in the Kur [vi. 153 and xvii. 36], وَ لَا تَقْرَبُوا مَالَ اليَتِيمِ

إِلَّا بِالَّتِى هِىَ أَحْسَنُ [And approach ye not the property of the orphan, to make use of it,] except by that act which is best to be done with it, the meaning is, such an act as the taking care of it, and increasing it: (Bd:) or, as some say, the meaning is, the taking, of his property, what will [suffice to] conceal those parts of one's person that should not be exposed, and stay one's hunger. (TA.) [The fem.] ↓ الحُسْنَى is applied to accidents only: not to substances. (Er-Rághib, TA.) It means also, [as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates, That which is better, and that which is best. And hence,] The good final or ultimate state or condition [appointed for the faithful]: (K:) so, it is said, in the Kur xli. 50. (TA.) And The view, or vision, of God; (K;) accord. to some: but it is said that in the Kur x. 27, it means Paradise; and زِيَادَةٌ, which there follows it, means the view, or vision, of the face of God. (TA.) And Victory: and martyrdom: (Th, K:) whence, [in the Kur ix. 52,] إِحْدَى

الحُسْنَيَيْنِ [one of the two best things]; (K;) victory or martyrdom. (Ksh, Bd, Jel.) and The saying لَا إِلَاهَ إِلَّا اللّٰهُ. (Jel in xcii. 6 and 9.) The pl. of ↓ الحُسْنَى is الحُسْنَيَاتُ and ↓ الحُسَنُ, (K, [the latter like رُجَعٌ pl. of رُجْعَى, but misunderstood by Freytag as syn. with المَحَاسِنُ, which next follows it in the K,]) neither of which is used without the article ال. (TA.) مَا أُحَيْسِنَهُ: see 4, last sentence but one.

تَحْسِينٌ a subst. of the measure تَفْعِيلٌ; (K;) or rather an inf. n. used as a subst.; (TA;) pl. تَحَاسِينُ: whence كِتَابُ التَّحَاسِينِ (K) [Caligraphy; or] deliberate, orderly, and regular writing; (TK;) [or close and compact writing, without spaces, or gaps, and without elongation of the letters;] contr. of المَشْقُ. (K. [See كِتَابُ مَشْقٍ.]) مَحْسَنٌ: see حُسْنٌ, and مَحَاسِنُ.

مُحْسَنٌ: see حُسْنٌ.

مُحْسِنٌ Doing, or who does, that which is حَسَن [meaning good, comely, or pleasing]; (K, TA;) as also ↓ مِحْسَانٌ: (K:) or the latter [is an intensive epithet, meaning doing, or who does, much that is good, comely, or pleasing: or] means constantly doing that which is حَسَن. (TA.) b2: إِنَّا نَرَاكَ مِنَ المُحْسِنِينَ, in the Kur xii. 36, means (tropical:) Verily we see thee to be of those who know, or know well, the interpretation of dreams: (Ksh, Bd, TA: *) or (assumed tropical:) of those endowed with knowledge: or of the doers of good to the prisoners: (Ksh, Bd:) or of those who aid the weak and the sufferer of wrong, and visit the sick. (TA.) مَحْسَنَةٌ [A cause of good: pl., app., ↓ مَحَاسِنُ; like as مَسَاوٍ, originally مَسَاوِئُ, is said to be pl. of مَسَآءَةٌ, originally مَسْوَأَةٌ]. You say, هٰذَا الطَّعَامُ مَحْسَنَةٌ لِلْجِسْمِ [This food is a cause of good, i. e. beneficial, to the body]. (S.) مُحَسَّنٌ: see حَسَنٌ.

مِحْسَانٌ: see مُحْسِنٌ.

مَحَاسِنُ The beautiful places [or parts] of the body: (K:) accord. to some, (TA,) the sing. is ↓ مَحْسَنٌ: or it has no sing.: (K:) the former opinion is disapproved by ISd.: the latter is the opinion of the grammarians and of the generality of the lexicologists: and therefore, says Sb, the rel. n. is ↓ مَحَاسِنِىٌّ; for if مَحَاسِنُ had a sing., it would be restored to the sing. in forming the rel. n. (TA.) You say, فُلَانَةُ كَثِيرَةُ المَحَاسِنِ Such a woman has many beautiful places [or parts] of the body. (TA.) And مَحَاسِنُ الوَجْهِ وَ مَسَاوِيهِ [The beauties of the face, and its defects]: (K in art. لمح:) [for] مَحَاسِنُ signifies the contr. of مَسَاوٍ. (S.) b2: [As contr. of مَسَاوٍ, it signifies also Good qualities of any kind: and also good actions; like حَسَنَاتٌ: agreeably with an explanation in the KL, نيكوئيها.] b3: See also حُسْنٌ: b4: and مَحْسَنَةٌ.

مَحَاسِنِىٌّ: see the next preceding paragraph.

حصن

1 حَصُنَ, (Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (K, TA,) inf. n. حَصَانَةٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, TA,) said of a حِصْن [or fortress], (S,) or of a place, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) i. q. مَنُعَ, [for which the CK erroneously substitutes وَمَنَعَ, after كَكَرُمَ, as though the verb were حَصُنَ and حَصَنَ,] (K, TA,) [i. e.] It was, or became, مَنِيع [meaning inaccessible, or unapproachable, or difficult of access]; it was, or became, unattainable, by reason of its height; (Msb;) it was fortified, or protected against attack, so that one could not gain access to what was within it. (Mgh.) b2: Hence, (Mgh,) حَصُنَتْ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (K,) inf. n. حُصْنٌ (S, Mgh, K) and حَصْنٌ and حِصْنٌ (K) and حَصَانَةٌ; (S, * Msb, * TA;) and ↓ أَحْصَنَتْ, (S, Mgh, K,) inf. n. إِحْصَانٌ; (Mgh;) and ↓ تحصّنت; (K;) said of a woman, She was, or became, continent, or chaste; or she abstained from what was not lawful nor decorous; syn. عَفَّتْ: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) or she was, or became, married; or she had a husband; (K;) as also حَصَنَتْ and ↓ أُحْصِنَتْ: (Ham p. 101, in which حَصُنَتْ is likewise mentioned in this sense:) or ↓ أَحْصَنَتْ signifies she was, or became, pregnant; (K;) as though pregnancy protected her from a man's going in to her. (TA.) A2: حَصَنَهُ, inf. n. حَصْنٌ, He preserved, or guarded, him, or it, in places inaccessible, or unapproachable, or difficult of access, as in a حِصْن [or fortress]. (TA.) [See also 2 and 4.]2 حصّنهُ, [inf. n. تَحْصِينٌ;] and ↓ احصنهُ; He made it, or rendered it, inaccessible, or unapproachable, or difficult of access; (Msb, K;) he made it, or rendered it, unattainable, by reason of its height; (Msb;) he fortified it, or protected it against attack, so that one could not gain access to what was within it; (Mgh;) namely, a place. (Mgh, Msb.) حَصَّنْتُ القَرْيَةَ I built a wall around the town, or village. (S.) b2: For the former verb, see also 4.

A2: And see 5.4 احصنهُ: see 2. b2: Also He, (God,) or it, (a coat of mail [or the like],) protected, or defended, him. (Fr, Mgh, * TA.) b3: العِفَّةُ تُحْصِنُ مِنَ الرِّيبَةِ [Continence, or chastity, preserves from suspicion, or evil opinion]. (Mgh.) b4: الَّتِى أَحْصَنَتْ فَرْجَهَا, in the Kur [xxi. 91 and lxvi. last verse], means Who preserved her pudendum from that which is unlawful or indecorous; (Zj, Mgh, * TA;) who abstained from what is unlawful or indecorous; or was continent, or chaste. (Msb.) b5: احصن المَرْأَةَ He (her husband) caused the woman to abstain from that which is unlawful or indecorous, or to be continent or chaste; (S, Mgh, K; *) as also ↓ حَصَّنَهَا. (K.) And احصنهُ التَّزَوُّجُ [Marriage caused him to abstain from that which is unlawful &c.]. (K.) b6: [Also He married the woman; i. e. gave her in marriage.] See أُحْصِنَتْ above, in the first paragraph. In the Kur iv. 30, some read فَإِذَا أُحْصِنَّ, meaning And when they are married. (S, TA.) And a poet says, أَحْصَنُوا أُمَّهُمُ مِنْ عَبْدِهِمْ تِلْكَ أَفْعَالُ القِزَامِ الوَكَعَهْ i. e. They married [their mother to their slave: such are the deeds of the mean, the base]. (S.) A2: أَحْصَنَتْ, intrans.: see 1, in two places. b2: In the Kur iv. 30, some read فَإِذَا أَحْصَنَّ; and accord. to Ibn-Mes'ood, this, said of female slaves, means And when they are Muslimehs. (TA.) Accord. to Aboo-Haneefeh, الإِحْصَانُ in a case of stoning involves six conditions; The being a Muslimeh, and free, and of sound intellect, and of the age of puberty, and validly married, and having had her marriage consummated: and in a case of charging with adultery, the being a Muslimeh, and free, and of sound intellect, and of the age of puberty, and continent, or chaste. (Mgh.) b3: And أحْصَنَ He (a man, S, Msb) married, or took a wife. (S, Msb, K.) With the lawyers, إِحْصَانٌ meansThe act of coïtus conjugalis in a case of valid marriage; and accord. to Esh-Sháfi'ee, by a free man who has attained to puberty, and in the case of a free woman who has attained to puberty, among the Muslims and the believers in a plurality of gods; meaning, in a case of valid marriage. (Msb.) 5 تحصّن, said of the enemy, (S, TA,) [He fortified himself: or] he entered the [or a] حِصْن [or fortress]: or protected himself by it: or took it, or made it, as a place of abode. (TA.) b2: and hence, He guarded, or protected, himself in any way. (TA.) b3: See also 1. b4: Also He (a horse, TA) became a حِصَان, (K,) i. e. a stallion, or fit to cover: (TA voce رَاحَ:) or affected to be so: (Az, TA:) [and so ↓ حَصَّنَ or حُصِّنَ; for] a horse in this case is said to bear evidence of التَّحَصُّن and التَّحْصِين. (S, * K, TA.) حِصْنٌ [A fortress; a fort; a fortified place;] a place of which the interior is inaccessible; (K;) any place that is fortified, or protected against attack, so that one cannot gain access to what is within it; (Mgh;) a place that is unattainable, by reason of its height; (Msb;) a fortified city: (TA:) pl. [of mult.] حُصُونٌ (S, Msb, K) and حِصَنَةٌ and [of pauc.] أَحْصَانٌ. (K.) [Hence,] أَبُو الحِصْنِ: see أَبُو الحُصَينِ, below. [Hence, also,] خَيْلُ العَرَبِ حُصُونُهَا ذُكُرُهَا وَإِنَاثُهَا (tropical:) [The horses of the Arabs are their حُصُون; the males thereof and the females thereof]. (TA.) A man said to 'Abd-Allah Ibn-El-Hasan, “My father has left the third of his property for the حُصُون: ” and he replied “ Buy thou horses: ” so in the A: in the M, “Buy thou therewith horses, and mount [men] on them [to fight] in the cause of God. ” (TA.) b2: [Hence, also,] (tropical:) Arms. (K, TA.) Yousay, جَآءَ يَحْمِلُ حِصْنًا (tropical:) He came bearing arms. (TA.) b3: Also The [new moon; or the moon when it is termed] هِلَال: in the K, الهَلَاكُ is erroneously put for الهِلَالُ. (TA.) حَصْنَآءُ: see what next follows.

حَصَانٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and ↓ حَاصِنٌ (S, Mgh, K) and ↓ حَاصِنَةٌ (K) and ↓ حَصْنَآءُ (S, K) and ↓ مُحْصِنَةٌ (Th, S, Mgh, Msb, K) and ↓ مُحْصَنَةٌ, (Th, S, Msb, K,) applied to a woman, Continent, or chaste; or abstaining from what is not lawful nor decorous, (Th, S, Mgh, Msb, K,) or from that which induces suspicion or evil opinion: (Sh and TA in explanation of the first of these epithets:) or married; having a husband: (K:) or حَصَانٌ has both of these significations: (Ham p. 101:) and accord. to Th, (S,) ↓ مُحْصَنَةٌ, with fet-h only, has the latter signification; (S, Mgh, * Msb; *) and means caused to be continent or chaste, or to abstain from that which is unlawful or indecorous, by her husband: (Mgh: [and the same is implied in the S:]) and this epithet is also applied to a woman emancipated: and to one having become a Muslimeh: (Az, TA:) [certain particular applications of ↓ مُحْصِنَةٌ have been implicatively shown above: see 4:] the pl. of حَصَانٌ is حُصُنٌ and حَصَانَاتٌ: and the pl. of ↓ حَاصِنٌ and ↓ حَاصِنَةٌ is حَوَاصِنُ and حَاصَنَاتٌ: the former of which (حواصن) also signifies pregnant, (K,) applied to women: (TA:) the pl. محصنات, in the first instance of its occurrence in ch. iv. [verse 28] of the Kur, is read by all ↓ مُحْصَنَات, (A 'Obeyd, TA,) meaning having husbands; (A 'Obeyd, Mgh, Msb, TA;) because when such women are made captives, their marriage-tie is cut: but in other instances, some read thus, understanding it in the sense last explained; and others read ↓ مُحْصِنَات, as meaning that have become Muslimehs: (A 'Obeyd, TA:) in the Kur iv. 29, it means free women: and in the Kur v. 7, continent, or chaste, women: (Mgh: [in the Msb, it is said to have the latter of these last two meaning in 4:25, and the former of them in 5:5:]) ↓ مُحْصَنَات is the more common in the language of the Arabs. (Fr, TA.) b2: حَصَانٌ also signifies A pearl, or a large pearl; syn. دُرَّةٌ: (K:) because it is protected in the interior of the shell that contains it. (TA.) حِصَانٌ A generous, or high-bred, horse, (Msb, K,) of whose seed one is niggardly: (K:) or a male horse: (Mgh, K:) or this latter is a secondary meaning, originating from frequency of usage: (S, Msb:) or a stallion horse; or one fit to cover: (TA voce رَاحَ:) the حِصَان is. so called because he preserves his rider: (TA:) or because his back is like the حِصْن to his rider; (Mgh, Msb;) wherefore horses are called حُصُونٌ: (Mgh:) or because one is niggardly of his seed, so that he is not made to cover any but a generous mare: (S, Mgh, Msb:) pl. حُصُنٌ. (Mgh, Msb, K.) حَصِبينٌ, applied to a place, (Msb, TA,) or to a حِصْن [or fortress], (S,) Inaccessible, or unapproachable, or difficult of access; syn. مَنِيعٌ; (Msb, K; *) [unattainable, by reason of its height; fortified, or protected against attack, so that one cannot gain access to what is within it; (see حَصُنَ, of which it is the part. n.;)] a building that protects him who has recourse to it for refuge. (Sb, TA.) b2: هُوَ الحَصِينُ أَنْ يُرَامَ, meaning مِنْ أَنْ يُرَامَ ↓ أَحْصَنُ: see (near its end) the first paragraph in art. ال. b3: دِرْعٌ (K) and حَصِينَةٌ (Sh, K) A coat of mail firmly, strongly, or compactly made: (K:) or trusty, or trusted in, having the rings [for الخلق in the L and TA, I read الحَلَق,] near together; such that weapons produce no effect upon it: (Sh, L, TA:) so called because it is [as] a حِصْن to the body. (Er-Rághib, TA.) حُصَيْنٌ dim. of حِصْنٌ. b2: Hence,] أَبُوالحُصَيْنِ The fox; syn. الثَّعْلَبُ; (S, K;) so called because of his protecting himself from causes of harm by his acuteness; (Har p. 663;) as also أَبُو

↓ الحِصْنِ. (M, K.) حَاصَنٌ and حَاصِنَةٌ: see حَصَانٌ, in four places. b2: The latter also signifies A man's wife: and so حَاضِنَةٌ. (TA.) أَحْصَنُ [More, and most, strongly fortified, or protected against attack]. (TA in art. لوم.) See also حَصِينٌ.

مُحْصَنٌ Wheat stored up. (TA in art. عسى.) b2: A man caused, by marriage, to abstain from that which is unlawful or indecorous, or to be continent or chaste; expl. by قَدْ أَحْصَنَهُ التَّزَوُّجُ. (K.) And A man married, or having a wife; (S, Msb, K;) as also ↓ مُحْصِنٌ: (Zj, Msb:) the former anomalous [if أُحْصِنَ be not allowable as meaning, like أَحْصَنَ, “he married,” or “ took a wife: ” but see 1 and 4]. (S, Msb.) For the fem., مُحْصَنَةٌ, and its pl., مُحْصَنَاتٌ, see حَصَانٌ, in four places.

مُحْصِنٌ: see مُحْصَنٌ: and for the fem., مُحْصِنَةٌ, and its pl., مُحْصِنَاتٌ, see حَصَانٌ, in three places.

مِحْصَنٌ A lock; syn. قُفْلٌ. (K.) b2: The piece of iron that extends upwards upon the nose of the horse, having its base in the كِعَامَة, which is the iron thing that embraces, or clasps, (تَلْتَقِمُ,) the muzzle of the horse. (IDrd in his book on the Saddle and Bridle, pp. 8-9.) [Jac. Schultens, as cited in Freytag's Lex., explains it as Ferramentum quoddam in fræno equi et frænum ipsum.]

b3: A [basket of the kind called] زَبِيل: (K:) one should not say مِحْصَنَةٌ. (TA.)

بعد

1 بَعُدَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. بُعْدٌ; (S, L, Msb, K;) and بَعِدَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. بَعَدٌ; (L, K;) and ↓ ابعد, inf. n. إِبْعَادٌ, which is also trans.; (Msb;) and ↓ تباعد; (S, Msb, K;) and ↓ استبعد; (S, K, &c.;) He, or it, was, or became, distant, remote, far off, or aloof: he went, or removed, or retired, or withdrew himself, to a distance, or far away, or far off: he alienated, or estranged, himself: he stood, or kept, aloof: contr. of قَرُبَ: (S, L:) [but بَعُدَ generally has the first of these significations; and ↓ ابعد, the others, as also ↓ تباعد and ↓ استبعد:] it is the general opinion of the leading lexicologists that بَعِدَ, as well as بَعُدَ, is thus used; but some deny this; and some assert that they may be employed alike, but that بَعُدَ is more chaste than بَعِدَ thus used. (TA.) [You say also, of a desert, and a tract of country, and the like, بَعُدَ, meaning It extended far.] and زَيْدٌ عَنِ المَنْزِلِ ↓ ابعد, meaning ↓ تباعد [i. e. Zeyd went, or removed, to a distance, or far, from the place of alighting or abode]. (IKt, Msb.) and مِنِّى ↓ تباعد, and ↓ ابتعد, and ↓ تبعّد, [He went, or removed, to a distance, or far, from me; he alienated, or estranged, himself from me; he shunned, or avoided, me;] (A;) and عَنِّى ↓ تباعد [and بَعُدَ عنّى signify the same]. (Msb in art. كشح.) And ↓ إِذَا أَرَاذَ أَحَدُكُمْ الحَاجَةِ أَبْعَدَ, (L, Msb,) a trad., (Msb,) meaning When one of you desires to accomplish that which is needful, (i. e. to ease nature,) he goes far, or to a great distance. (L.) And فِى المَذْهَبِ ↓ أَبْعَدْتُ, meaning ↓ تَبَاعَدْتُ, (Msb,) I went far, or to a great distance, to the place of ease, i. e., to ease nature. (L.) b2: [بَعُدَ referring to a saying or the like, and an event, means It was far from being probable or correct; it was improbable, extraordinary, or strange: (see بَعِيدٌ, and see also 10:) often occurring in these senses.] And فِى نَوْعِهِ ↓ ابعد It reached the utmost point, or degree, in its kind, or species. (IAth.) And ابعد فِى السَّوْمِ He exceeded the due bounds in offering a thing for sale and demanding a price for it, or in bargaining for a thing. (A.) b3: أَخَذَهُ مَا قَرُبَ وَ مَا بَعُدَ Recent and old griefs took hold upon him: a saying similar to أَخَذَهُ مَا قَدُمَ وَ مَا حَدُثَ. (Mgh in art. قدم.) b4: [بَعُدَ is often used, agreeably with a general rule, in the manner of a verb of praise or dispraise; and in this case is commonly contracted into بُعْدَ, like حُسْنَ; as in the phrase, in a verse of Imrael-Keys, بُعْدَ مَا مُتَأَمَّلى (in which ما is redundant) Distant, or far distant, was the object of my contemplation! or (as explained in the EM p. 52) how distant, &c.!] b5: بَعِدَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. بَعَدٌ; (S, L, Msb, K;) and بَعْدَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. بُعْدٌ; (L, K;) also signify He, or it, perished: (S L, Msb:) he died: (K:) it is the general opinion of the leading lexicologists that both these verbs are used as signifying “he perished,” and both occur in different readings of v. 98 of ch. xi. of the Kur: the former is said to be used in this sense by some of the Arabs; and the latter, by others; but some disallow the latter in this sense; and some say that the former is more chaste than the latter thus used: (TA:) or both signify he became far distant from his home or native country; became a stranger, or estranged, therefrom: (L, TA:) or the Arabs say, بَعِدَ الرَّجُلُ and بَعُدَ in the sense of تباعد, when not reviling; but when reviling, they say, بَعِدَ, only. (Yoo, TA.) You say, لَا تَبْعَدٌ وَ إِنْ بَعُدْتَ عَنَّى [Mayest thou not perish though thou be distant from me!] (A.) [And as an imprecation against a man, you say, بَعِدْتَ, meaning Mayest thou perish! (See the printed edition of the Ham, pp. 89 and 90, where بَعِدْتَاىَ هلكت is an evident mistake for َعِدْتَ أَى هَلَكْتَ.)] and بُعْدًا لَهُ May God alienate him, or estrange him, from good, or prosperity! or, curse him! (A, * K, TA;) i. e. may he not be pitied with respect to that which has befallen him! like سُحْقًا لَهُ: the most approved way being to put بعد thus in the accus. case as an inf. n.; where it tribe of Temeem say, لَهُ ↓ بُعْدٌ, and سُحْقٌ, like غُلَامٌ لَهُ. (TA.) A2: بَعُدَ is made trans. by means of [the preposition] ب: see 4. (Msb.) 2 بَعَّدَ see 4, in four places. b2: [You say also, بعّدهُ عَنِ السُّوْءِ He declared him, or pronounced him, to be far removed from evil.]3 باعدهُ He was, or became, [distant, remote, far off, or aloof, from him; or] in a part, quarter, or tract, different from that in which he (the other) was. (TA in art. جنب.) b2: See also 4, in seven places.4 ابعد, inf. n. إِبْعَادٌ: see 1, in seven places.

A2: ابعدهُ; (S, Msb, K;) and ↓ باعدهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. مُبَاعَدَةٌ and بِعَادٌ; (K;) and ↓ بعّدهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. تَبْعِيدٌ; (S;) and بِهِ ↓ بَعُدَ; (Msb;) He made, or caused, him, or it, to be, or become, distant, remote, far off, or aloof; or to go, remove, retire, or withdraw himself, to a distance, far away, or far off; he placed, or put, at a distance, or he put, or sent, away, or far away, or far off, or he removed far away, alienated, or estranged, him, or it. (S, Msb.) You say, نَفْسَكَ عَنْ زَيْدٍ ↓ بَاعِدْ [Remove thyself far from; or avoid thou, Zeyd]: and زَيْدًا عَنْكَ ↓ بَاعِدْ [Remove thou Zeyd far from thee]. (TA, voce إِيَّا.) And بَيْنَهُمَا ↓ بَعَّدْتُ, inf. n. تَبْعِيدٌ, [I made a wide separation between them two]; as also ↓ بَاعَدْتُ, inf. n. مُبَاعَدَةٌ. (Msb.) And اللّٰهُ ↓ بَاعَدَ مَا بَيْنَهُمَا [May God make the space between them two far extending! may He make a wide separation between them two!]; as also ↓ بَعَّدَ. (TA.) And بَيْنَ أَسْفَارِنَا ↓ رَبَّنَا بَاعِدْ, or ↓ بَعِّدْ, [O our Lord, make to be far-extending the spaces between our journeys! or, put wide distances between our journeys!] accord. to different readings [in the Kur xxxiv. 18]: the former of these is the common reading: Yaakoob El-Hadramee read ↓ رَبُّنَا بَاعَدَ الخ [Our Lord, He hath made to be far extending &c.]. (TA.) b2: أَبْعَدَهُ اللّٰهُ means May God alienate him, or estrange him, from good, or prosperity! or, curse him! (K;) i. e., may he not be pitied with respect to that which has befallen him! (TA.) [You say also, أَبْعَدَ اللّٰهُ الأَخِرَ: see أَخِرٌ.] b3: See also 10.

A3: مَا أَبْعَدَهُ مِنَ الصَّوَابِ [How far is it (namely the saying) from what is right, or correct!]. (A.) 5 تَبَعَّدَ see 1.6 تباعد: see 1, in six places. b2: [It also signifies He became alienated, or estranged, from his family or friends. b3: And تباعدوا They became distant, or remote, one from another; they went, removed, retired, or withdrew themselves, to a distance, far away, or far off, one from another; they removed themselves far, or kept aloof, one from another.] You say, كَانُوا مُتَقَارِبِينَ فَتَبَاعَدُوا [They were near, one to another, and they became distant, or remote, one from another]. (A.) 8 إِبْتَعَدَ see 1.10 استبعدهُ He reckoned it, or esteemed it, (namely, a thing, K, or a saying, A,) بَعِيد [i. e. distant, or remote; or if a saying or the like, far from being probable or correct, improbable, extraordinary, or strange]; (S, A, K;) as also ↓ ابعدهُ. (A.) A2: See also 1, first sentence, in two places.

بَعْدُ an adv. n. of time, signifying After, or afterwards: and allowable also, accord. to some of the grammarians, as an adv. n. of place, signifying after, or behind: (TA:) contr. of قَبْلُ: (S, A, K:) it is a vague adv. n., of which the meaning is not understood without its being prefixed to another noun [expressed or implied]; denoting after-time. (Msb.) When it occurs without any complement, (S, K,) a noun or the like which should be its complement being intended to be understood as to the meaning thereof but not as to the letter, (S, * TA,) it is indecl., (S, K,) because it resembles a particle, (TA,) and has damm for its termination to show that it is indecl., since it cannot have damm by any rule of desinential syntax because it cannot occur as an agent nor as an inchoative or enunciative. (S.) Sb, however, mentions [as exceptions to this rule] the phrases مِنْ بَعْدٍ [Afterwards] and أَفْعَلُ هٰذَا بَعْدًا [I will do this afterwards], as having been used by the Arabs. (K, * TA.) [The latter of these phrases is common in the present day. Another exception to the rule above-mentioned will be found in what follows.] Accord. to the primary rule, it is used as a prefixed n. governing its complement in the gen. case; (S;) [i. e., it is used in the manner of a preposition;] and when thus used, it is decl., (K,) because it does not in this case [always] resemble a particle. (TA.) You say, جَآءَ زَيْدٌ بَعْدَ عَمْرٍو Zeyd came after 'Amr. (Msb.) And رَأَيْتُهُ بَعْدَكَ and مِنْ بَعْدِكَ [I saw him after thee]. (L.) The words of the Kur [xxx. 3], اللّٰهِ الْأَمْرُ مِنْ قَبْلُ وَ مِنْ بَعْدُ, meaning To God belonged the command before that the Greeks were overcome and after that they had been overcome, [thus read when the complements of قبل and بعد are intended to be understood as to the meaning thereof but not as to the letter,] are also read مِنْ قَبْلِ وَ مِنْ بَعْدِ, when each complement is intended to be understood as to the meaning and the letter, and also مِنْ قَبْلٍ وَ مِنْ بَعْدٍ, meaning To God belongeth the command first and last, [when neither complement is intended to be understood either as to the letter or as to the meaning,] but the first of these readings is the best. (L.) [You say also, بَعْدَ ذٰلِكَ and مِنْ بَعْدِ ذٰلِكَ After that: and بَعْدَ أَنْ فَعَلْتُ and مِنْ بَعْدِ أَنْ فَعَلْتُ and بَعْدَ مَا فَعَلْتُ and مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا فَعَلْتُ After I did, or after my doing, such a thing: &c.] Also جِئْتُ بَعْدَيْكُمَا, meaning بَعْدَ كُمَا, I came after you two. (K.) And هٰذَا مِمَّا لَيْسَ بَعْدَهُ غَايَةٌ فِى الجَوْدَةِ, and فِى الرَّدَآءَة, This is of the things after, or beyond, which there is not any extreme degree in respect of goodness, and in respect of badness: and, by way of abridgement, لَيْسَ بَعْدَهُ [with nothing following this]: and hence, app., the saying of Mohammad, وَإِنْ كَانَ لَيْسَ بِالَّذِى لَا بَعْدَ لَهُ, meaning [And though] it be not in the utmost degree in respect of goodness: بعد being thus used as a decl. noun. (Mgh.) بَعْدِى and the like are also frequently used as meaning بَعْدَ عَهْدِى and the like; as in the phrase, قَدْ تَغَيَّرْتَ بَعْدى Thou hast become altered since I knew thee, or saw thee, or met thee, or was with thee. And similar to this are many phrases in the Kur; as, for instance, in ii. 48,] ثُمَّ اتَّخَذْتُمُ العِجْلَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ Then ye took to yourselves the calf as a god, or an object of worship, after him, namely Moses, i. e., after his having gone away. (Bd.) أَمَّا بَعْدُ (S, K, &c.) is [an expression denoting transition;] an expression by which an address or a discourse is divided; (S;) used without any complement to بعد, which in this case signifies the contr. of قَبْلُ: (TA:) you say, أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَقَدْ كَانَ كَذَا, meaning [Now, after these preliminary words, (Abu-l- 'Abbás in TA voce خِطَابٌ,) I proceed to say, that such a thing has happened: or] after my prayer for thee: (K:) or after praising God: (TA:) the first who used this formula was David; (K;) or Jacob; (TA;) or Kaab Ibn-Lu-eí; (K;) or Kuss Ibn-Sá'ideh; or Yaarub Ibn-Kahtán. (TA.) b2: You also use the dim. form, saying ↓ بُعَيْدَهُ [A little after him, or it], when you mean by it to denote a time near to the preceding time. (Msb.) You say also, بَيْنٍ ↓ رَأَيْتُهُ بُعَيْدَاتِ, (S, K,) and ↓ بَعِيدَاتِهِ, (K, TA, [in the CK بُعَيْدَاتِه,]) I saw him a little after a separation: (S, K:) or, after intervals of separation: (S, L:) or, after a while. (A'Obeyd, A.) And إِنَّهَا لَتَضْحَكُ بَيْنٍ ↓ بُعَيْذَاتِ Verily she laughs after intervals. (L.) [See also art. بين.] ↓ بُعَيْدَات is used only as an adv. n. of time. (S, L.) b3: بَعْدُ also sometimes means Now; yet; as yet. (TA.) [It is used in this sense mostly in negative phrases; as, for instance, in لَمْ يَمُتْ بَعْدُ He has not died yet. The following is one of the instances of its having this meaning in affirmative phrases: سُمِّيَ الحَوْلِىُّ مِنْ أَوْلَادِ البَقَرِ تَبِيعًا لِأَنَّهُ يَنْبَعُ أُمَّهُ بَعْدُ The yearling of the offspring of cows is called تبيع because he yet follows his mother: occurring in the Mgh &c., in art. تبع.] b4: It occurs also in the sense of مَعَ; as in the words of the Kur [ii. 174 and v. 95], فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى بَعْدَ ذٰلِكَ, i. e., (as some say, MF,) مَعَ ذلك [And whoso transgresseth notwithstanding that; lit., with that]. (Msb.) b5: It has been said that it also means Before, in time; thus bearing two contr. significations: that it has this meaning in two instances; in the Kur [lxxix. 30], where it is said, وَ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ ذٰلِكَ دَحَاهَا [as though signifying And the earth, before that, He spread it forth]; and [xxi. 105] where it is said, وَلَقَدْ كَتَبْنَا فِى الزَّبُورِ مِنْ بَعْدِ الذِّكْرِ [as though meaning And verily we wrote in the Psalms before the Kur-án]: (MF, TA:) but Az says that this is a mistake; that God created the earth not spread forth; then created the heaven; and then spread forth the earth: (L, TA:) and الذكر in the latter of these instances means the Book of the Law revealed to Moses: (Bd:) or الزبور means the revealed Scriptures; (Bd, Jel;) and الذكر, the Preserved Tablet, (Bd,) [i. e.] the Original of the Scriptures, which is with God. (Jel.) بُعْدٌ [as an inf. n. used in the manner of a subst. signifies] Distance, or remoteness; (S, A, L, K; *) and so ↓ بَعَدٌ, (L, K,) accord. to most of the leading lexicologists, (TA, [see بَعْدَ,]) [and ↓ بُعْدَةٌ, for] you say, بَيْنَنَا بُعْدَةٌ, meaning [Between us two is a distance] of land or country, or of relationship. (S, K.) b2: [Remoteness from probability or correctness; improbability, or strangeness: see بَعُدَ. Hence the phrase, هٰذَا مِنَ البُعْدِ بِمَكَانٍ This is improbable, or extraordinary, or strange: often occurring in the TA &c.] b3: Also i. q. ↓ بُعْدٌ: (L, K:) this latter (S, L, Msb, K) and بُعْدٌ, (L, K,) accord. to most of the leading lexicologists, as, for instance, in the Kur xi. 98, (TA, [see بَعِدَ,]) signifying Perdition; (S, L, Msb;) or death. (K.) b4: Judgment and prudence; as also ↓ بُعْدَةٌ: so in the phrase, إِنَّهُ لَذُو بُعْدٍ, and بُعْدَةٍ, Verily he is possessed of judgment and prudence: (K:) or penetrating, or effective, judgment; depth, or profundity; far-reaching judgment. (TA.) [See also أَبْعَدُ.] ↓ ذُو البُعْدَةِ also signifies A man who goes to a great length, or far, in hostility. (L.) b5: A cursing; execration; malediction; as also ↓ بِعَادٌ. (K.) Yousay, بُعْدٌ لَهُ, as well as بُعْدًا لَهُ: see 1, last sentence but one. (TA.) بَعَدٌ: see بُعْدٌ, in two places: A2: and بَعِيدٌ, in five places.

بُعْدٌ: see أَبْعَدُ, in two places.

بُعْدَةٌ: see بُعْدٌ, in three places.

بُعَادٌ: see بَعِيدٌ: b2: and see also بَاعِدٌ.

بِعَادٌ: see بُعْدٌ.

بَعِيدٌ Distant; remote; far; far off; (S, L, K; *) as also ↓ بُعَادٌ, and ↓ بَاعِدٌ: (L, K:) pl. (of the first, S, L) بُعْدَانٌ (S, L, K) and (of the first also, L, TA) بُعُدٌ (L, K) and بِعَادٌ (TA) and (of the first and second, L) بُعَدَآءُ (L, K) and of the third, ↓ بَعَدٌ, [but this (which is also used as a sing. epithet, as will be shown in what follows,) is properly a quasi-pl. n.,] like as خَدَمٌ is of خَادِمٌ. (S.) As signifying Distant with respect to place, it is correctly used alike as masc. and fem. and sing. and dual and pl.; (L, and TA in this art. and in art. قرب, in which latter see the authorities;) but not necessarily; like its contr. قَرِيبٌ: (L:) you say, هِىَ بَعِيدٌ مِنْكَ [She is distant from thee; or it is] as though you said, مَكَانُهَا بَعِيدٌ: (L:) also مَا أَنْتَ مِنَّا بِبَعِيدٍ [Thou art not distant from us ], and مَا أَنْتُمْ مِنَّا بِبَعِيدٍ [Ye are not distant from us]: and in like manner, مَا أَنْتَ

↓ مِنَّا بِبَعَدٍ, and ↓ مَا أَنْتُمُ مِنَّا بِبَعَدٍ. (S, TA.) [But it receives, sometimes, the fem. form when used in this sense; for] جَلَسْتُ بَعِيدًا مِنْكَ and بَعِيدَةٌ مِنْكَ are phrases mentioned as signifying I sat distant, or remote in place, or at a distance, or aloof, from thee; مَكَانًا [and نَاحِيَةً or the like] being understood. (L.) You say also, ↓ مَنْزِلٌ بَعَدٌ A distant, or remote, place of alighting or abode. (K.) And تَنَحَّ غَيْرَ بَعِيدٍ (S, K) and ↓ غَيْرَ بَاعِدٍ and ↓ غَيْرَ بَعَدٍ (K) [Retire thou not far;] meaning be thou near: (S, K:) [or] the second and third of these phrases mean retire thou not in an abject, or a mean, or contemptible, or despicable, state. (S, A.) And ↓ اِنْطَلِقْ يَا فُلَانُ غَيْرَ بَاعِدٍ

[Depart thou, O such a one, not far;] meaning mayest thou not go away! (L.) [And رَأَيْتُهُ مِنْ بَعِيدٍ I saw him, or it, from afar: and جَآءَ مِنْ بَعِيدٍ He came from afar: and the like. and بَعِيدٌ as applied to a desert and the like, meaning Far extending.] And ↓ بُعْدٌ بَاعِدٌ A far distance. (K.) [And نِيَّةٌ بَعِيدَةٌ A distant, far-reaching, or far-aiming, intention, purpose, or design.] and فُلَانٌ بَعِيدُ الهِمَّةِ [Such a one is far-aiming, or faraspiring, in purpose, desire, or ambition]. (A.) And هِىَ بَعِيدَةُ العَهْدِ [She was known, or seen, or met, a long time ago]: in this case, the fem. form, with ة, must be used. (L.) And قَوْلٌ بَعِيدٌ [A saying far from being probable or correct; improbable; far-fetched; extraordinary, or strange]. (A.) And أَمْرٌ بَعِيدٌ An extraordinary thing or affair or case, of which the like does not happen or occur. (L.) b2: Also Distant with respect to kindred or relationship: in which sense, the word receives the fem. form, [as well as the dual form, and pl. forms, like its contr. قَرِيبٌ,] by universal consent. (TA.) [Its pl.] بُعَدَآءُ signifies Strangers, that are not relations. (IAth.) You say also, فُلَانٌ مِنْ بُعْدَانِ الأَمِيرِ [meaning Such a one is of the distant dependents, or subjects, of the governor, or prince]. (S.) And إِذَا لَمْ تَكُنْ مِنْ قُرْبَانِ الأَمِيرِ فَكُنْ مِنْ بُعْدَانِهِ [If thou be not of the particular companions, or familiars, of the governor, or prince, then be of his distant dependents, or subjects]; i. e., be distant from him, that his evil may not affect thee. (Az, A.) b3: رَأَيْتُهُ بَعِيدَاتِ بَيْنٍ: see بَعْدٌ in the latter half of the paragraph. b4: See also بَاعِدٌ.

بُعَيْد and بُعَيْدَات: see بَعْدُ in four places.

بَاعِدُ: see بَعِيدٌ in four places. b2: Also Perishing: (S, L: [in the K it is implied that it signifies dying; and so ↓ بَعِيدٌ and ↓ بُعَادٌ:]) or far distant from his home, or native country; in a state of estrangement therefrom. (L.) أَبْعَدُ More, and most, distant or remote; further, and furthest: by poetic licence written أَبْعَدُّ: (L:) [pl. أَبَاعِدُ; as in the saying,] فُلَانٌ يَسْتَجِرُّ الحَدِيثَ مِنْ أَبَاعِدِ أَطْرَافِهِ [Such a one draws forth talk, or discourse, or news, or the like, from its most remote sources]. (A.) b2: More, and most, extreme, excessive, egregious, or extraordinary, in its kind. (IAth.) [Hence, perhaps,] إِنَّهُ لَغَيْرُ

أَبْعَدَ [in the CK أَبْعَدٍ] and ↓ بُعَدٍ Verily there is no good in him: (K:) or, no depth in him in anything: (IAar:) [or, he is not extraordinary in his kind: see also بُعْدٌ:] said in dispraising one. (TA.) And مَا عِنْدَهُ أَبْعَدُ and ↓ بُعَدٌ [He has not what is extraordinary in its kind: or] he possesses not excellence, or power, or riches: or he possesses not anything profitable: (L, K:) said only in dispraising one: (Az:) or it may mean he possesses not anything which one would go far to seek; or, anything of value: or what he possesses, of things or qualities that are desirable, is more extraordinary than what others possess. (MF.) b3: Remote from good: [which is the meaning generally intended in the present day when it is used absolutely as an epithet applied to a man; but meaning also remote from him or those in whose presence this epithet is used, both as to place and as to moral condition:] and, from continence: (L:) and stupid; foolish; or having little, or no, intellect or understanding; syn. حَائِنٌ: (so in a copy of the S and in the L and TA:) or treacherous, or unfaithful; syn. خَائِنٌ (So in two copies of the S and in a copy of the A.) It is used as an allusion to the name of a person whom one would mention with dispraise; as when one says, هَلَكَ الأَبْعَدُ [May such a one, the remote from good, &c., perish!]: with respect to a woman, one says, هَلَكَتِ البُعْدَى. (En-Nadr, Az.) One says also, كَبَّ اللّٰهُ الأَبْعَدَ لِفِيهِ, meaning [May God cast down prostrate such a one, the remote from good, &c., upon his mouth! or,] cast him down upon his face! (S.) [It is a rule observed in decent society, by the Arabs, to avoid, as much as possible, the mention of opprobrious epithets, lest any person present should imagine an epithet of this kind to be slily applied to himself: therefore, when any malediction or vituperation is uttered, it is usual to allude to the object by the term الأَبْعَد, or البَعِيد, as meaning the remote from good, &c., and also the remote from the person or persons present. See also الأَخِرُ, which is used in a similar manner.] b4: A more distant, or most distant, or very distant, relation; (Lth;) contr. of أَقْرَبُ: (Msb:) pl. أَبَاعِدُ (Lth, S, A, Msb, K) and أَبْعَدُونَ; (Lth;) contr. of أَقَارِبُ (Lth, S, K) and أَقْرَبُونَ. (Lth.) مِبْعَدٌ A man who makes far journeys. (K.)