Searchable Online Version Ismāʿīl bin Ḥammād al-Jawharī, Tāj al-Lugha wa Ṣiḥāḥ al-ʿArabīya تاج اللغة وصِحاح العربية للجوهري

This book, more commonly known as the Ṣiḥāḥ, caused a revolution in Arabic lexicography as it differed from the format preferrred by al-Khalīl bin Aḥmad (see Kitāb al-ʿAin, also on our site), giving the ḥurūf al-hijāʾ their own chapters, rather than treating them as second class. Al-Jawharī (d. 1003 CE / 393 AH) is one of the great linguists and lexicographers of the Arabic language. He came from the city of Fārāb on the Silk Road, in modern-day Kazakhstan, and traveled throughout the Middle East and Arabia in search of knowledge of the Arabic language. The Ṣiḥāḥ is one of the most commonly used dictionaries of the Arabic language to this day, and abridged versions of it, such as al-Rāzī's Mukhtār al-Ṣiḥāḥ, are still in print and used by both scholars and laymen.