المطبقة: أَي الْحُرُوف المطبقة وَهِي مَا ينطبق اللِّسَان مَعَه على الحنك الْأَعْلَى فينحصر الصَّوْت حِينَئِذٍ بَين اللِّسَان وَمَا حاذه من الحنك الْأَعْلَى وَهِي الصَّاد - وَالضَّاد - والطاء - والظاء - وَإِطْلَاق هَذَا الِاسْم على هَذِه الْحُرُوف على الْمجَاز لِأَن المنطبق إِنَّمَا هُوَ اللِّسَان والحنك. وَأما الْحَرْف فَهُوَ منطبق عِنْده فاختصر فَقيل مطبق كَمَا قيل للمشترك فِيهِ مُشْتَرك. والحروف المطبقة ضد المفتحة فَلَا ينْحَصر الصَّوْت عِنْد النُّطْق بهَا بَين اللِّسَان والحنك بل يكون مَا بَين اللِّسَان والحنك منفتحا. وَالْكَلَام فِي المنفتحة فِي التَّسْمِيَة كَالْكَلَامِ فِي المطبقة لِأَن الْحَرْف لَا ينفتح وَإِنَّمَا ينفتح عِنْدهَا اللِّسَان عَن الحنك.
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